• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.4 no.6
• /
• pp.422-433
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we demonstrate inter-layer prediction tools for scalable video coders. The proposed scalable coder is designed to support not only spatial, quality and temporal scalabilities, but also view scalability. In addition, we propose quad-tree inter-layer prediction tools to improve coding efficiency at enhancement layers. The proposed inter-layer prediction tools generate texture prediction signal with exploiting texture, syntaxes, and residual information from a reference layer. Furthermore, the tools can be used with inter and intra prediction blocks within a large coding unit. The proposed framework guarantees the rate distortion performance for a base layer because it does not have any compulsion such as constraint intra prediction. According to experiments, the framework supports the spatial scalable functionality with about 18.6%, 18.5% and 25.2% overhead bits against to the single layer coding. The proposed inter-layer prediction tool in multi-loop decoding design framework enables to achieve coding gains of 14.0%, 5.1%, and 12.1% in BD-Bitrate at the enhancement layer, compared to a single layer HEVC for all-intra, low-delay, and random access cases, respectively. For the single-loop decoding design, the proposed quad-tree inter-layer prediction can achieve 14.0%, 3.7%, and 9.8% bit saving.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.257-285
• /
• 2011

This thesis has studied about the legal characteristic of injection of the trial drug, the position of the pharmaceutical firm as a contractor of the clinical trial, the possibility of compulsory performance of consistent injection of the trial drug, and the damage claim caused in the process of the clinical trial from the viewpoint of protecting the trial subject in the clinical trial. According to court's judgement in the United States, the lawsuit of the trial subject, although the trial subject had expected consistent injections, was dismissed because there was no direct contract between pharmaceutical and trial subject. However, Helsinki Declaration prescribe the medical research as follows. 'All patients who participated in the research should be able to use the best precaution, diagnosis, and treatment proved by the final outcome of the research'. The trial subject is entitled to demand only the pharmaceutical firm which developed and provided the trial drug, and the pharmaceutical firm has the obligation to supply the trial drug to the trial subject. Therefore, it would be not enough to protect the trial subject if the pharmaceutical firm which makes the trial drug is ruled out. In addition, especially, in case the trial drug has a constant effect with the aim of treatment, if the injection of the trial drug is suddenly stopped, the trial subject would not have the benefit of treatment by the trial drug. In this case, the best remedy against the damage is to urge a constant injection of the trial drug. Thus, in certain case, it is reasonable to consider that the pharmaceutical firm has the obligation to supply the trial drug to the trial subject constantly, and it is also necessary to compel it through effective means in case the pharmaceutical firm do not fulfill its obligation to supply the trial drug. However, as an essential prerequisite for the assertion mentioned above, it should be judged under the principle of good faith considering the concrete situation, that is, what roles the pharmaceutical firm has played.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2014

In this study, we would evaluate fire risk by domestic standard for artificial turf installed on field and roofs. Today domestic regulation for artificial turf only applies to outdoor uses and especially KS M 3888-1 has compulsion but limited to school athletic facilities. Indoor regulation complying with National Emergency Management Agency (No. 2012-35) was enacted as recommendations. Thus this study did combustion test of artificial turf installed on field. Analyzed result by 45 degree flammability test, standard was inadequate to judge the fire risk so we compared and analysed its characteristic through combustion test of flame retardant finishing carpet used as flooring. Test and assessment result of its ignitionability by 45 degree flammability test showed that carpet was satisfied with flame retardant finishing performance standard contrary to artificial turf. For this reason, by conducting cone calorimeter test, the combustion property after ignition would be analyzed and evaluated and then this study will suggest a countermeasure for strengthening standard.