• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 2008

This paper consists largely of two parts: the first part introduces the revised railway human reliability analysis (R-HRA) method which is to be used under the railway risk assessment framework, and the second part presents the features of a computer software which was developed for aiding the R-HRA process. The revised R-HRA method supplements the original R-HRA method by providing a specific task analysis guideline and a classification of performance shaping factors (PSFs) to support a consistent analysis between analysts. The R-HRA software aids the analysts in gathering information for HRA, qualitative error prediction including identification of external error modes and internal error modes, quantification of human error probability, and reporting the overall analysis results. The revised R-HRA method and software are expected to support the analysts in an effective and efficient way in analysing human error potential in railway event or accident scenarios.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.7C
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• pp.677-684
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• 2002

Today's Internet does not have efficient traffic engineering mechanism to support QoS for the explosive increasing internet traffic such as various multimedia traffic. This functional shortage degrades prominently the quality of service, and makes it difficult to provide multi-media service and real-time service. Various technologies are under developed to solve these problems. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) developed the MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) technology that provides a good capabilities of traffic engineering and is independent layer 2 protocol, so MPLS is expected to be used in the Internet backbone network$\^$[1][2]/. The faults occurring in high-speed network such as MPLS, may cause massive data loss and degrade quality of service. So fast network restoration function is essential requirement. Because MPLS is independent to layer 2 protocol, the fault detection and reporting mechanism for restoration should also be independent to layer 2 protocol. In this paper, we present the experimental results of the MPLS OAM function for the performance monitoring and fault detection 'll'&'ll' notification, localization in MPLS network, based on the OPNET network simulator

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.9A
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• pp.859-867
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• 2010

In this paper, we consider a novel spectrum sensing system in which firstly, the fusion center (FC) senses and makes the own decision then if its sensing result is not useful for achieving the final decision, the local observations from the cognitive users (CUs) will be required. Moreover, in case that FC needs the results from CUs, we will choose only CU having the highest collected energy to send its local decision to FC. Based on this selecting method, the number of sensing bits can be reduced; hence, we can save the power and the bandwidth for reporting stage in the cognitive radio network (CRN). The mathematical analysis of the key metrics of the sensing schemes (probability of detection, false alarm, e.g.) will be investigated and confirmed by the Monte-Carlo simulation results to show the performance enhancement of the proposed schemes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

Purpose: The goal of this study was to build an accurate digital factory that evaluates the performance of a factory using computer simulation. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the effect of worker-related variables on production in a simulation model using comparative analysis of two cases. Methods: The overall work process and worker-related variables were determined and used to build a simulation model. Siemens PLM Software's Plant Simulation was used to build a simulation model. Also, two simulation models were built, where the only difference was the use of the worker-related variable, and the total daily production analyzed and compared in terms of the individual process. Additionally, worker efficiency was evaluated based on worker analysis. Results: When the daily production of the two models were compared, a 0.16% error rate was observed for the model where the worker-related variables were applied and error rate was approximately 5.35% for the model where the worker-related variables were not applied. In addition, the production in the individual processes showed lower error rate in the model that included the worker-related variables than the model where the worker-related variables were not used. Also, among the total of 22 workers, only three workers satisfied the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) suggested worker capacity rate (90%). Conclusions: In the daily total production and individual process production, the model that included the worker-related variables produced results that were closer to the real production values. This result indicates the importance of worker elements as input variables, in regards to building accurate simulation models. Also, as suggested in this study, the model that included the worker-related variables can be utilized to analyze in more detail actual production. The results from this study are expected to be utilized to improve the work process and worker efficiency.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.251-258
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• 2018

Ransomware, a malicious software that requires a ransom by encrypting a file, is becoming more threatening with its rapid propagation and intelligence. Rapid detection and risk analysis are required, but real-time analysis and reporting are lacking. In this paper, we propose a ransomware infection detection system using social big data mining technology to enable real-time analysis. The system analyzes the twitter stream in real time and crawls tweets with keywords related to ransomware. It also extracts keywords related to ransomware by crawling the news server through the news feed parser and extracts news or statistical data on the servers of the security company or search engine. The collected data is analyzed by data mining algorithms. By comparing the number of related tweets, google trends (statistical information), and articles related wannacry and locky ransomware infection spreading in 2017, we show that our system has the possibility of ransomware infection detection using tweets. Moreover, the performance of proposed system is shown through entropy and chi-square analysis.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-28
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• 2018

Korea is striving to establish a research ethics system, but there is still a disagreement as to the level of government involvement in research ethics. Therefore, this study analyzed the formation process of research ethics system in the United States and sought to derive implications for Korea's research ethics policy. The analysis of the present status of the research ethics policy and laws of the United States showed that i) the establishment of regulatory system is done only after the principles of the research ethics or the guideline are presented first in the academic fields; ii) the responsibility for research ethics is to be shared by the federal government and the research institute, and the primary responsibility for research is given to the research institute and the secondary responsibility to the government; iii) the government has imposed a minimum extent of strong regulation on unethical research; and iv) it is necessary to extend the responsibility of unethical research from the individual level to the structural level.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2019

Background and Objective: Since the introduction of hospital pharmacy residency programs in 1983, hospital pharmacists in South Korea have been expected to expand their roles. However, their services and the outcomes have not been fully understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of Korean hospital pharmacist-provided interventions with regard to intervention type, intervention consequences, and target patient groups. Methods: A literature search of the following databases was performed: Embase, PubMed, Medline, KoreaMed, RISS, KMbase, KISS, NDSL, and KISTI. The search words were "hospital pharmacist", "clinical pharmacist", and "Korea". Articles reporting clinical or economic outcome measures that resulted from hospital pharmacist interventions were considered. Numeric measures for the acceptance rate of pharmacist recommendations were subjected to meta-analysis. Results: Of the 1,683 articles searched, 44 met the inclusion selection criteria. Most articles were published after 2000 (81.8%) and focused on clinical outcomes. Economic outcomes had been published since 2011. The interventions were classified as patient education, multidisciplinary team work, medication assessment, and guideline development. The outcome measures were physicians' prescription changes, clinical outcomes, patient adherence, economic outcomes, and quality of life. The acceptance rate was 80.5% (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Studies on pharmacist interventions have increased and showed increased patient health benefits and reduced medical costs at Korean hospital sites. Because pharmacists' professional competency would be recognized if the economic outcomes of their work were confirmed and justified, studies on their clinical performance should also include their economic impact.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.402-410
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• 2019

Local area festivals have grown on a scale for the past 20 years, but have suffered ups and downs. Through the trial and error of the festival operation, problems such as prediction of the number of visitors, planning of event scale, calculation and expansion of sales volume, and management of various participants in the duration were highlighted. To solve, this study designed and developed a mobile payment system and festival operation management system for local scale festivals as a platform operating system of web and app combined. The results of this study presents four basic functions. It includes ticketing management, attendance identification and entrance control, charge of festival currency and use of payments, real-time provision and management of related information, and performance reporting for each role. It was applied to local festivals in practice as to enable local shop owners to participate in advertisements or sponsorships and confirmed their contribution to local commercial market and the revitalization of festivals through this system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.299-308
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chuna therapy for Sciatica. We searched the following 16 online databases without a language restriction (Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, Ovid, Kmbase, RISS, NDSL, OASIS, KISS, KNAL, KTKP, DBpia, CNKI, Wangfang, J-stage) to find randomized controlled clinical trials that used Chuna therapy for Sciatica. The methodological quality of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analysis were performed. Among 496 articles that were searched, 15 RCTs were finally selected for systematic review. 14 studies showed that Chuna therapy has positive effect on sciatica. Two studies noted that there were side effects, and the difference between the intervention group and the control group was statistically insignificant. One study noted no side effects and the rest of the study, there was no mention of side effects. Meta-analysis showed positive results for Chuna single therapy in terms of efficiency rate compared to painkiller, herb medicine excepting acupuncture. When comparing Chuna therapy plus acupuncture and acupuncture, Chuna therapy plus acupuncture had a more positive result than acupuncture in terms of efficiency rate. Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB)evaluation method, most of the studies's selection, performance, detection and reporting bias were unclear. The studies showed that Chuna therapy can significantly effective on sciatica. However, most of the studies's Risk of Bias included in the analysis were not low enough. In the future, to prove the level of evidence of Chuna therapy, more high-quality studies will be needed.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.527-545
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• 2021

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the success rate of nitrous oxide-oxygen procedural sedation (NOIS) in dentistry. A systematic digital search was conducted for publications or reports of randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical performance of NOIS. Abstracts of research papers were screened for suitability, and full-text articles were obtained for those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria accordingly. The quality of the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). A total of 19 articles (eight randomized clinical trials with parallel intervention groups and 11 crossover trials), published between May 1988 and August 2019, were finally selected for this review. The studies followed 1293 patients reporting NOIS success rates, with a cumulative mean value of 94.9% (95% CI: 88.8-98.9%). Thirteen trials were conducted on pediatric populations (1098 patients), and the remaining six were conducted on adults (195 patients), with cumulative efficacy rates of 91.9% (95% CI: 82.5-98.1%) and 99.9% (95% CI: 97.7-100.0%), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Completion of treatment and Section IV of the Houpt scale were the most used efficacy criteria. Within the limitations of this systematic review, the present study provides important information on the efficacy rate of NOIS. However, further well-designed and well-documented clinical trials are required and there is a need to develop guidelines for standardization of criteria and definition of success in procedural sedation. Currently, completion of treatment is the most used parameter in clinical practice, though many others also do exist at the same time. To maximize NOIS efficacy, clinicians should strictly consider appropriate indications for the procedure.