• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2009

Pitamin is a component of pine bark extract that exhibits antimicrobial activity and a variety of physiological effects. This study was earned out to investigate the effects of dietary pitamin as an organic livestock feed additive in broiler chickens. A 35 day trial was conducted to determine the influence of dietary premix containing 5% pitamin; investigated parameters included blood lipids, growth performance, quality characteristics of carcasses, and changes of caecal microbials in broiler chickens. Chickens were randomly divided into groups that were untreated (control), treated conventionally with antibiotics in the absence of premix, received 0.1 % or 0.2% premix containing 5% pitamin. Plasma lipids were lower in groups fed diets with pitamin premix (p<0.05). The body weight gain from broiler chickens fed with the diet containing 0.1% pitamin premix and antibiotics was similar, and was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p<0.05). The weight of breast muscle and thigh meat of carcasses was similar, and was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Abdominal fat and thymus index from chickens receiving either pitamin-supplemented premix was significantly lower and increased, respectively, that of the antibiotic and control groups (both p<0.05). The chickens on the pitamin premix-supplemented diets evidenced significantly higher caecal levels of Bifidobacterium species as compared with the chickens on the control diet (p<0.05). These results suggest that feeding a diet supplemented with a 0.1% premix containing 5.0% pitamin for 35 days maintains the production of broiler chickens at a level comparable to that obtained from the use of antibiotics.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to investigate the cooling effects of geothermal heat pump system (GHPS) in farrowing house. A total of 96 sows were allocated to 2 pig housings (GHPS and conventional housing) with 48 for four weeks in summer season. During the experimental period of four weeks, the highest outside temperature observed was approximately $34.1^{\circ}C$, GHPS decrease indoor temperature of pig housing up to $30.9^{\circ}C$, but conventional pig housing was similar to outside temperature. Dust concentrations (maximum 61.4%) of particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$ (PM 10) in GHPS-housing were lower than the conventional housing. GHPS showed no signigicant difference in carbon dioxide emission, whereas the ammonia gas concentration was significantly decreased in GHPS-housing compared to that of conventional housing. Sows in GHPS-housing showed significantly lower respiratory rate than those of the control group. GHPS did not affect hormone level, litter size and birth weight, but weaning weight of piglets was influenced by GHPS. Feed consumption of sows was significantly increased in GHPS-housing compared to the conventional hosing. These results suggest that GHPS decrease dust concentration, ammonia gas emission and indoor temperature of pig housing and may affect performance in sows and weaned piglets.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Structures requiring chemical resistance are usually coated with surface protecting agents, but the cost for maintenance and re-construction is incurred due to the low durability. Therefore, in this study, sulfur was polymerized and the performance was examined so that it could be used as the concrete surface protecting agents for structures requiring chemical resistance. The evaluation results indicated that for the spray of the sulfur polymer surface coating agents, the application of the gravity type was appropriate; and for the number of coating times, about 3 cycle spray gave the best results. For the surface condition of the concrete to be coated with the surface protecting agents, outstanding quality was obtained above room temperature ($20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$), and the bond strength increased as the temperature increased. The evaluation results of the strength characteristics depending on the filler content of the surface protecting agents indicated that about 20~40% filler mixing contributed to the strength improvement as it reduced the shrinkage of the sulfur polymer. Also, the mixing of silica showed larger increase in the bond strength than the mixing of fly ash, and the most outstanding bond strength characteristics could be obtained by the mixing of both silica and fly ash. In the case of the chemical resistance, the strength reduction was minimized and outstanding chemical resistance was obtained when the fly ash and silica were substituted by 20%, respectively. The performance evaluation of the chloride ion penetration indicated that for the specimens coated with the sulfur polymer surface protecting agents, the chloride ion penetration resistance increased by 29~48% compared to the specimen without the coating of the surface protecting agent. The examination of the coating condition of the surface protecting agents, compressive strength, bond strength, chemical resistance, and salt damage resistance indicated that in the range of this study, the optimal level was when the silica and fly ash were substituted by 20%, respectively, as the filler for the sulfur polymer.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.50-58
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• 2014

Due to the cost burden of new construction, the necessity of repair and retrofitting of aged structures is sharply increasing as the domain of repair and retrofitting construction is expanding. Because of the necessity, new technologies for repair and retrofitting are continuously studied in Korea and foreign countries. Steel adhesive method, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) surface adhesive method, and external prestressing method are used to perform the repair and retrofitting works in Korea. In order to consider a repair method using steel mesh reinforced cement mortar (SMCM), 3-point flexural member test was conducted considering repair area and layer number of SMCM. Five types of specimens including ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) specimen with dimensions of $1400{\times}500{\times}200$ (mm) were cast for testing the deflection measurement, a LVDT was installed at the top center of the specimens. Also, a steel strain gauge and a concrete strain gauge were placed at the center of the specimens. A steel strain gauge was also installed on the shear reinforcement. The 3 point flexural member test results showed that the maximum load of SMCM reinforced specimen was higher than that of basic RC specimen in all of the load-displacement curves. Also, the results showed that, when the whole lower part of the basic RC specimen was reinforced, the maximum load and strain were 1.18 and 1.37 times higher than that of the basic RC specimen, respectively. Each specimen showed a slightly different failure behavior where the difference of the results was caused by the difference in the adhesive level between SMCM and RC. Particularly, in SM-B1 specimen, SMCM spalled off during the experiment. This failure behavior showed that the adhesive performance for RC must be improved in order to utilize SMCM as repair and retrofitting material.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

This study is to define how the difference of athletic change influence on the last regrasp after somersault in Belle movement of parallel bars. For his study, the following conclusion was produced by analysis of athletic change by means of three dimensional visual image in three athlete of nation. 1. As the picture of S1, there are total used time(2.01 sec), S3(2.17 sec) and S2(2.19 sec). In case of a short needed time, it is difficult for them to perform the remaining movement of the vertical elevating flight easily and comfortably, it is judged as performing the small movement with restrict swing. 2 In the change of body center sped by each event, it is calculated as $-89.1^{\circ}$ the narrowest in S1, $-81.96^{\circ}$ the widest and then $86.34^{\circ}$ in S3. In E3 event, average compound speed is 4.07m/s, S2 showed the fastest speed of 4.14m/s whereas S1 the narrowest angle of 3.95m/s. 3. A shoulder joint and coxa are the period of mention in E3. In E4 which was pointed out the longest vertical distance, S2 that is indicated the highest vertical height as the period of detach in parallel bars. showed -3.91m. This is regarded as a preparatory movement for dynamic performance after using effectively elastic movement of shoulder joint and coxa while easily going up with turning back movement. In the 5th phrase, long airborne time and vertical change position is showed as the start while regrasping securely air flight movement from high position. 4. In E5, a long flight time and a long vertical displacement were shown as the regrasp after somersault efficiently in high position with stability from the point of the highest peak of the center of the body. Especially, S2 is marked as a little bit long position, while S1 is reversely indicated as performing somersault and unstable motion in a low position. 5. In E3, at the point of the largest extension of the shoulder joint and hip joint the shoulder joint is largely marked in $182^{\circ}$ and the hip point $182^{\circ}$ in S2. The shoulder joint is marked at the smallest angle in $177^{\circ}$ and the hip point $176^{\circ}$ in S1. And S1 is being judged by its performance of the less self - confident motion with lessening a breath of swing. S2 makes the most use of flexion and extension of the shoulder joint and the hip joint effectively. It was performed greatly with swinging and dropping the rotary movement and the rotary inertia naturally. 6. In E6, as the point of regrasp of the upper arm in parallel bars it is recognized by the that of components of vertical and horizontal velocity stably. During this study, the insufficient thing and the study on the parallel bars at a real game later are more activated than now. If it is really used as the basic materials by means of Belle Picked Study of Super E level after Bell movement, you may perceive the technique movement previously and perform without difficulty. Especially, such technique as crucifix is quite advantageous for oriental people thanks to small body shape condition. In conclusion we will nicely prepare for our suitable environment to gradually lessen trials and errors by analyzing and studying kinematically this movement.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.91-117
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• 2007

This study was to compare the contents and practical problems addressed, the process of teaching-learning method, and evaluation method of Korean Home Economics curriculum and of the Oregon and Ohio's Practical Problem Focused Family & Consumer Sciences Curricula. The results are as follows. First, contents of Korean curriculum are organized by major sub-concepts of Home Economics academic discipline whereas curricular of both Oregon and Ohio states are organized by practical problems. Oregon uses the practical problems which integrate multi-subjects and Ohio uses ones which are good for the contents of the module by integrating concerns or interests which are lower or detailed level (related interests). Since it differentiates interest and module and used them based on the basic concept of Family and Consumer Science, Ohio's approach could be easier for Korean teachers and students to adopt. Second, the teaching-learning process in Korean home economics classroom is mostly teacher-centered which hinders students to develop higher order thinking skills. It is recommended to use student-centered learning activities. State of Oregon and Ohio's teaching-learning process brings up the ability of problem-solving by letting students clearly analyze practical problems proposed, solve problems by themselves through group discussions and various activities, and apply what they learn to other problems. Third, Korean evaluation system is heavily rely on summative evaluation such as written tests. It is highly recommended to facilitate various performance assessment tools. Since state of Oregon and Ohio both use practical problems, they evaluate students mainly based on their activity rather than written tests. The tools for evaluation include project documents, reports of learning activity, self-evaluation, evaluation of discussion activity, peer evaluation in a group for each students for their performance, assessment about module, and written tests as well.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.403-409
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching efficiency of clinical training for dental hygiene students in Gyeonggi Province. The subjects in this study were 371 dental hygiene juniors in seven different colleges in Gyeonggi Province, on whom a self-administered survey was conducted. The collected data were analyzed with a SPSS WIN 12.0 program, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. The teaching efficiency of clinical training that the dental hygiene students undergone was on the average. As for evaluation of the factors of teaching efficiency, they gave the highest marks to the role model factor(3.40). 2. The size of the institutions where they received clinical training made no statistically significant differences to the teaching efficiency of their clinical training. The university hospitals ranked first in professional knowledge, one of the sub-directory of teaching efficiency, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(p=.005). 3. Concerning links between satisfaction level with the major and view of teaching efficiency, stronger satisfaction with the major led to better perception of teaching efficiency(p=.001). Among the subdirectory of teaching efficiency, that made statistically significant differences to view of interpersonal skills, performance as a supporter, fair evaluation, academic organization skills(p=.005), encouragement and support, teaching methods, professional academic knowledge(p=.001), communicative competency, performance as a role model and cooperation with the staff of dental clinics(p=.000). 4. There were no statistically significant gaps in teaching efficiency according to teaching styles. Among the sub-directory of teaching efficiency, statistically significant differences were found only in encouragement and support(p=.005). The above-mentioned findings suggest that the teaching efficacy of the clinical training was approximately on the average, and that a better satisfaction with the major led to a higher teaching efficacy. Therefore a wide variety of teaching methods and systematic training programs should be developed to boost the quality of clinical training to improve its teaching efficacy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.953-961
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• 1998

Background : In recent years, lung cancer has been one of most common cause of death in Korea. Despite many physician's high degree of pessimism about the gains made in treatment, progressive improvement in the survival of lung cancer by treatment has occurred, particulary in the early stages of the disease. However, a lot of patients refuse treatment or give up in the fight against the disease. This study was done to evaluate factors influencing the compliance to therapy and to lead in the establishment of special programs to enhance compliance in patients with lung cancer. Methods: The medical records of 903 patients, whose ECOG(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status was 3 or less and whose medical record was relatively satisfactory, among 1141 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 1989 and December 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. Compliance was classified into three groups based on the degree of compliance with physicians practice guideline: (a) compliants; (b) patients who initially complied but gave up of themselves midway during the course of treatment; (c) noncompliants who refused the treatment. Results: The overall compliance rate was 63.9%, which was progressively increased from 57.3-61.3% in 1989 and 1990 to 64.2-67.5% in 1995 and 1996. Age, education level and occupation of patients bore statistically significant relationship with the compliance but sex, marital status and smoking history did not. The compliance was significantly higher in patients without symptoms than with, and was also significantly higher in patients with good performance status. The compliance was significantly high in patients with NSCLC(non-small cell lung cancer) compared to SCLC(small cell lung cancer), but after exclusion of stage I and II, among NSCLC, which had higher compliance to surgery there was no significant difference of compliance by histology. The compliance was significantly lower in advanced stage. Conclusion: To enhance the compliance, special care including education programs about therapy including complication and prognosis are necessary, especially for educationally and economically disadvantaged patients.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2008

This study investigated the synergistic effects of dietary supplementation of quartz porphyry(QP) and a laboratory developed feed stimulants, BAISM(BS) on growth performance and utilization as the additives for juvenile eel Anguilla japonica. Six isoenergetic experimental diets(18.2 kJ/g) were formulated to contain 50% crude protein, 15% lipid with or without dietary QP(Song-Gang stone, Davistone, Korea) and BS supplementation. QP and BS were provided at 0% in the control diet($Q_0B_0$) and at 0.7% QP+0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_0$), 0.7% QP+0.3% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.3}$), 0.7% QP+0.5% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$), 0.7% QP+0.75% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}$) and 0.7% QP+1.0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$) in experimental diets on dry matter basis. After four weeks of adaptation, triplicate groups of 30 fish initially averaging $15{\pm}0.1g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed into each aquarium, and they were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, weight gain(%), specific growth rate(%), feed efficiency(%) and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diet $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$, were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. But, $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$ were no significant differences(P<0.05). In challenge test, fish were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL bacterial suspension with Edwardsiella tarda per fish after the feeding trial. As a result, fish fed QP and BS supplemented diets have a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than those of fish fed control diet(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the optimum dietary supplementation level of QP and BS could be approximately 0.7% quartz porphyry+0.5% BAISM($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$) of diet based on WG, FER, SGR, PER, cumulative survival rate in juvenile eel A. japonica.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.68-87
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• 2016

This research conducted a survey for total 166 teachers of schools so as to analyze validity and satisfaction for performance objectives of SMB administration subsidy the HRDP and the CEP in Specialized High School. The results of research are as follows. First, teachers recognize that purpose of HRDP is to expand employment of specialized high school and provide human resource of SMB. And, they recognize that HRDP is important to improve school outcomes and makes a positive effect on the improvement of school outcomes. Second, teachers recognize that objectives of HRDP are improvement of student's understanding for SMB, improvement of teacher's understanding for SMB, improvement of SMB's understanding of school, cultivation of student's occupational view, systematization of career guiding program based on employment process, strengthening of industry-academia cooperation education, improvement of the level of student's skill, fulfillment of workplace experience and practice focusing workplace learning, training of customized human resource for SMB, improvement of student's adaptation to the workplace, improvement of employment rate for SMB, expansion of job opportunities for students with SMB, preparation of the base of connection between school and SMB, publicity of school, expansion of opportunities to cooperate between SMB and school, establishment of cooperative system among industrial association and school, introduction and operation of the employment connective model for joint education and employment, strengthening of field professionalism of teachers. However, satisfaction for the achievement of objectives of HRDP except for strengthening of industry-academia cooperation education and improvement of employment rate for SMB is relatively lower than the validity. Third, teachers in charge of human resource training business of middle and small sized company's specialized high school recognize that objectives of CEP are expansion of job opportunities for students with SMB, excavation of good-quality SMB, expansion of opportunities to cooperate between SMB and school, fulfillment of workplace learning, improvement of student's major foundation and in-depth skill, improvement of literacy, math, teamwork and communication abilities for students' job performance, improvement of student's working attitude and student's proper career exploration decision. However, satisfaction for achievement of objectives of CEP is relatively lower than the validity.