• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.813-818
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• 2010

Since MTA has many beneficial properties such as biocompatibility, great sealing capacity, antibacterial effects, low cytotoxicity, and stimulation of formation of mineralized tissue, it has been widely used as the material of choice in root-end filling, apexification, pulpotomy, perforation repair and so on. However, despite its favorable characteristics, MTA presents working properties which are less than ideal. The resulting cement from the mixing of powder and water is difficult to manipulate, and its setting time has been reported to be 2 h 45 min whereas the working time is <4 minutes. Additional moisture is also required to activate the setting of the cement. Moreover, according to recent studies, the physical properties of MT A may be hampered by acidic environment or blood contamination. Therefore, practitioners may have surprisingly worse results than they expected when they are not fully acquainted with the characteristics and manipulation method of MTA.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.316-318
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• 2013

Rupture of the esophagus after blunt trauma is a rare event. But any type of esophageal rupture has the high morbidity and mortality rate. In these situations, the sign and symptom of the esophageal rupture is subtle and nonspecific; therefore, the physicians are usually not suspicious. Delaying in diagnosis prevents proper treatment (surgical or non-surgical) before significant complications occurred. We report a case of a cervical esophageal perforation with primary repair and drainage after blunt trauma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 1983

Morgagni, in 1760, 1st. described the findings of substernal herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity, based upon 25 postmortem dissections. Herniation through the foramen of Morgagni is the rarest occurrence of the congenital diaphragmatic hernias and is usually a few symptoms. With the increasing use of routine chest roentgenogram & the need to exclude the possibility of a mediastinal neoplasm, most such cases are brought to the attention of a surgeon. We had experienced 2 cases of Morgagni hernia, which one caused a simple mechanical intestinal obstruction & diagnosed as acute appendicitis with perforation & another one was diagnosed as mediastinal lipoma on routine chest X-ray film at arrival due to traffic accident. We had performed left paramedian abdominal incision as misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis with perforation and repair of the defect and returned transverse colon & stomach into abdominal cavity in one patient. And in another patient, we preferred to approach through right thoracotomy incision and then left upper paramedian abdominal incision and returned the omentum into the abdominal cavity. The post-operative courses were in uneventful and we report these cases and review and discuss the literatures.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2012

Boerhaave's syndrome is a very fatal condition occuring esophageal rupture during emesis and has the worst prognosis of the esophageal perforation. From May 2007 to March 2012 11 patients underwent surgical treatment for Boerhaave's syndrome at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital. There were 11 males whose mean age was 49.9 years ranging from 42 to 59. 2 cases of primary closure was performed and 9 cases of anastomosis using EEA (Esophago-Enteric Anastomisis) stapler. Mean operation time was 154.4 minutes and one patient who undergone primary repair died because of mediastinitis and sepsis on $35^{th}$ post-operative day. There was no leakage at other patients. Post-operative complication was one operative wound infection and one post-operative bleeding which was treated completely. Surgical treatment for Boerhaave's syndrome using EEA stapler is simple and effective technique but further studies with large number of cases should be carried out for better outcome.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.578-578
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• 2003

I. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate, histologically, healing in the periodontal tissue after mechanical furcation perforations using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (PRO ROOTMTA). II. Materials and Methods These experiments were carried out on mandibular and maxilla premolars and molars obtained from 12 dogs more than one year old and which had clinically healthy periodontia. A total of 34 perforations were made. These were divided into Control(9), MTA(25) groups respectively. A sterile round bur (1mm in diameter) was used to create a mechanical perforation in the furcal floor.(omitted)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.477-484
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• 2001

Background: Initial symptoms for esophageal perforation have not been clarified, but when there is no early diagnosis and proper treatment to follow immediately after the diagnosis, it is fatal for the patients. Therefore, this study attempted to discover the factors that influence the prognosis of esophageal perforation to contribute to the improvement of the treatment result. Material and Method: The subjects of this study are 32 patients who came to the hospital with esophageal perforation from October, 1984 to June, 2000. This study examined the items for clinical observation such as patients' sex, age, cause of the perforation, perforation site, the time spent until the beginning of the treatment, symptoms caused by the perforation and its complication, and treatment methods. This study tried to find out the relationship between the survival of patients and each item. Result: There were 24 male and 8 female patients and their mean age was 49.7+16.4. For the causes of perforation, there were 14 cases(43%) of iatrogenic perforation, which ranked first, caused by the medical instrument operation and surgical damage. As for the perforation sites, thoracic esophagus was the most common site(26 cases of 81.2%) and chest pain was the most frequent symptom. The complication caused by esophageal perforation showed the highest cases in the order of mediastinitis, empyema, sepsis and peritonitis. After the treatment, there were 23 cases of survival and 9 cases of mortality. The total mortality rate was 28.1% and the main causes of mortality were sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). As for the treatment, 8 cases(25.0%) treated the perforation successfully using conservative treatment only. As for the surgical treatment, there were 5 cases(15.6%) of cervical drainage, 7 cases (21.8%) of primary repair and 12 cases(37.5%) of esophageal reconstruction after performing an exclusion-diversion. There were 18 cases(56.2%) of complete treatment of esophageal perforation at its initial treatment and in 14 cases(43.8%) of treatment failure at its initial treatment, patients were completely cured in the next treatment stage or died during the treatment. The cases of perforation in thoracic esophagus, complication into severe mediastinitis or sepsis and the cases of failure at initial treatment showed a statistically significant mortality rate (p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• v.72 no.5
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• pp.262-266
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• 2018

Surgery has been the standard treatment for perforated duodenal ulcers, with mostly good results. However, the resolution of postoperative leakage after primary repair of perforated duodenal ulcer remains challenging. There are several choices for re-operation required in persistent leakage from perforated duodenal ulcers. However, many of these choices are complicated surgical procedures requiring prolonged general anesthesia that may increase the chances of morbidity and mortality. Several recent reports have demonstrated postoperative leakage after primary repair of a perforated duodenal ulcer treated with endoscopic insertion using a covered self-expandable metallic stent, with good clinical results. We report a case with postoperative leakage after primary repair of a perforated duodenal ulcer treated using a covered self-expandable metallic stent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.739-750
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• 1997

Treatment of root perforation elicits special considerations due to its blood-contaminated circumstances. It is known that conventional dental restorative materials are all leaking. Calcium sulfate is the material which react with water to become chemically set. This study, therefore, was performed to develop a new compound containing calcium sulfate and to evaluate its physical and biological characteristics. Three materials were used, IRM, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate-hydroxyapatite compound. The composition of the calcium sulfate-hydroxyapatite compound was basically 50 % of calcium sulfate and 50 % of hydroxyapatite mixed with guajacol. The materials were mixed in conventional way and underwent four physical test procedures, setting time, solubility test, compressive strength, and marginal leakage test. All materials were evaluated under the scanning electron microscope to examine the marginal sealing ability. Animal experiment was also performed to test the materials' tissue response. Twenty-four dog's premolars were tested with either furcation perforations or apical retro-fillings. From the results, we found that calcium sulfate possess the good marginal sealing ability. However, calcium sulfate creates many voids which is caused by crystal thrusting action when it reacts with water. It seemed that the voids caused disintegration of the material which eventually lead to tissue reaction. By compounding calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite, we were able to obtain the better physical properties but it showed larger marginal gap between the material and the root surface. Within the six weeks observation period, both IRM and calcium sulfate-hydroxyapatite compound showed good tissue responses in animal experiment. It is concluded that calcium sulfate would be the material of choice in root perforation repair, but the physical property needs to be further improved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.655-658
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• 2007

Esophageal perforation is relatively uncommon but it often cause fatal if not properly treated, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report here on two cases of esophageal perforation caused by Boerhaave syndrome or pneumatic dilatation for treating achalasia. The patients were successfully treated with thoracoscopic primary repair and esophagomyotomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1035-1039
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• 1990

All 10 cases of spontaneous rupture of esophagus had violent vomiting as precursor. 9 patients were male, 1 case was female. Chief complaints were chest pain and dyspnea. Chest P \ulcornerA and esophagogram were mainly used as confirm diagnostic tool. Perforation sites of all cases were at distal esophagus near the G-E junction. 6 cases were received primary repair within 24 hrs, other cases were managed with surgical drainage after exclusion and diversion of esophagus. Empyema was the most frequent complication. Other complications were sepsis, pneumonia, leaking etc. Overall mortality rate was about 70.0%.