• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권sup호
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• pp.8.1-8.5
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• 2015

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation potential of four perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) alternatives that were developed at Changwon National University. While PFOS has been used widely in industrial and consumer products, it is known to be a persistent organic pollutant. Therefore, greener alternatives are highly desirable. Methods Biodegradation tests were run for 28 days using standard test protocols. The biochemical oxygen demand was measured daily throughout the experimental period, and the data were used to calculate the biodegradation rates. Microorganisms were isolated from the some of the tests that showed evidence of biodegradation. Results $C_8H_8F_9KO_3S$, which has the same number of carbons as the parent compound PFOS but a reduced number of fluorines, showed the highest biodegradation rate followed by $C_{10}H_8F_{13}KO_3S$. Chemical alternatives with lower number of carbons did not biodegrade readily in the experiments. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that it may be advantageous to develop PFOS alternatives with 8 carbons, the same as PFOS, but a reduced number of fluorines; as such, chemicals are more susceptible to biodegradation than the parent compound.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.191-194
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• 2018

국내 주요 식량작물인 벼에서의 잔류성 유기오염물질 잔류평가는 인체 위해성 평가에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 과불소화합물 중 perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)와 perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)의 잔류평가를 벼의 부위별 흡수이행성을 조사하여 수행하였다. 벼는 저농도 오염처리구($1mg\;kg^{-1}$)와 고농도 오염처리구($5mg\;kg^{-1}$)에서 재배 후 현미, 왕겨, 볏짚으로 나누어 잔류량을 조사하였고, 시험결과 현미의 과불소화합물 흡수이행성(0.002-0.006)이 다른 부위에 비해 가장 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 잔류수준은 볏짚에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 왕겨와 현미 순이었고, 볏짚의 PFOA와 PFOS의 생물농축계수는 최대 1.474와 4.700으로 확인되었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2010

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the principal chemicals known as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs). Despite the widespread use of these compounds, relatively little is known about their fate and effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA on Daphnia magna. In the acute toxicity test, D. magna were exposed for 48 hours at concentrations of 0, 30, 45, 67.5, 101.25 and 151.88 mg/L PFOS, and 0, 100, 160, 225, 337.5 and 506.25 mg/L PFOA, respectively. In the case of chronic toxicity test, D. magna were exposed through water for 21 days at concentrations of 0, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L PFOS, and 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L PFOA, respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed on the basis of immobility, while chronic toxicity was assessed on the basis of fecundity. The acute toxicity test on PFOS and PFOA showed that the values of $EC_{50}$ were 50.90 mg/L and 253.47 mg/L, respectively. In the chronic test, fecundity was reduced significantly at 1.5 mg/L of PFOS and 10 mg/L of PFOA, respectively. These results indicated that PFOS is more toxic to zooplankton than PFOA, and both chemicals have some hazard demonstrates risk for acute or chronic toxicity to freshwater organism.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2016

A new perfluorobutyl substituted cyclic type disodium alkanesulfonate is designed, synthesized and characterized as alternative substance to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, 1), a well-known surfactant. Cylic type sulfonate was accomplished from commercially available 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1,6-hexanediol in four steps. Bio-degradable perfluorobutyl moiety was introduced from fluorous diol, which is symmetrically substituted amphiphile via installation of an intermediate trifluoromethanesulfonyl ester and easily manipulated by double displacement of triflate using potassium malonate and further reduction followed by nucleophilic ring opening are key reactions to get target disodium alkanesulfonate. The efficiency and simplicity in the synthesis of this material offer a new strategy to design PFOS alternatives.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2020

The long-chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), are a potential exposure risk in the environment, specifically for humans due to high levels of bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity. In the current study, the plant uptake factors (PUFs) of spinach and Welsh onion were investigated on the three different concentration levels of PFOA and PFOS in soil. Spinach and Welsh onion were divided into three residue groups, a control group and two levels of PFOA and PFOS. The PFAAs spiked soils were aged for six months and the extractable residue of PFOS in the aged soil was reduced to 30-59% of the initial spiked concentrations for PFOS, while PFOA showed almost the same initial spiked concentrations. The PUFs for PFOA and PFOS were 0.111-2.821 and 0.047-3.175 for spinach, and 0.203-0.738 and 0.035-0.181 for Welsh onion, respectively. The highest PUF values in both vegetable were displayed when the residual concentration of PFAAs were part-per-billion (ppb) or sub-ppb in soil.