• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2004

An auditory-perceptual evaluation has long been utilized in assessing dysarthric speech. The process involves subjective judgement and the results might vary depending on clinical experiences or training of listeners. This study aimed to investigate reliability of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of 22 multi -dimensional variables on 6 patients with Parkinsonian speech disorders. Listeners were divided into two groups: one consisted of 6 speech therapists with clinical experiences for three years or more, and the other 6 graduate students without any previous clinical background. The results showed that the former evaluated dysarthric speech with higher inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities than the latter. Furthermore, such speech variables as 'precise consonant: 'speech intelligibility: and 'SMR regularity' were more influenced than others by clinical experiences. We, therefore, postulated that a reliable auditory-perceptual evaluation of dysarthric speech may require adequate amount of clinical training of listeners.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Diplophonia is generally defined as the perception of more than one fundamental frequency component in a voice. Its perceptual aspect has traditionally been used to evaluate diplophonia because the perceptions can be easily evaluated, but there are limitations in the validity of the reliability of the intra- and inter-raters, examination situation, and variation of voice sample. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm the reliability and accuracy of auditory perceptual evaluation by comparing non-invasive indirect assessment methods (sound waveform and EGG analysis), and to identify their usefulness with diplophonia. A total of 28 diplophonic voices and 39 non-periodic voices were assessed. Three raters assessed the diplophonia by performing an auditory perception evaluation and identifying the quasi-periodic perturbations of the acoustic waveform and EGG. Among the three discrimination methods, intra- and inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were examined, and the McNemar test was performed to compare the discriminant agreement. The accuracy of the auditory perceptual evaluation (86.57%) was not significantly different from that of sound waveform acoustic (88.06%), but it was significantly different from that of EGG (83.33%). The reading time (6.02 s) for the auditory perceptual evaluation was significantly different from that for sound waveform analysis (30.15 s) and EGG analysis (16.41 s). In the discrimination of diplophonia, auditory perceptual evaluation has sufficient reliability and accuracy as compared to sound waveform and EGG. Since immediate feedback is possible, auditory perceptual evaluation is more convenient. Therefore, it can continue to be used as a tool to discriminate diplophonia in clinical practice.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

Perceptual judgement method is frequently used in evaluating dysarthric speech. Although most of speech pathologists and researchers focus on the 38 perceptual features provided by Darley, Aronson & Brown(1969) during evaluation, there are additional characteristics that may be useful to describe dysarthria in literature. We reviewed previous dysarthria literature and selected 46 perceptual characteristics that could be examined at various subsystems of speech production. We also provided explanations and rationale for the rating method for each of the perceptual characteristics. This attempt might aid to offer a basic ground for developing a diagnostic tool of dysarthria.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2002

Perceptual evaluation of duration models of spoken Korean was carried out based on the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model for text-to-speech conversion. A reference set of durations was produced by a commercial text-to-speech synthesis system for comparison. The duration model which was built in the previous research (Chung & Huckvale, 2001) was applied to a Korean language speech synthesis diphone database, 'Hanmal (HN 1.0)'. The synthetic speech produced by the CART duration model was preferred in the subjective preference test by a small margin and the synthetic speech from the commercial system was superior in the clarity test. In the course of preparing the experiment, a labeled database of spoken Korean with 670 sentences was constructed. As a result of the experiment, a trained duration model for speech synthesis was obtained. The 'Hanmal' diphone database for Korean speech synthesis was also developed as a by-product of the perceptual evaluation.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

The auditory-perceptual evaluation of speech-language pathologists (SLP) in patients with voice disorders is often regarded as a touchstone in the multi-dimensional voice evaluation procedures and provides important information not available in other assessment modalities. Therefore, it is necessary for the SLPs to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation of not only voice but also the overall speech production mechanism, and they often encounter various difficulties in the evaluation process. In addition, SLPs should strive to avoid bias during the evaluation process and to maintain a wide and constant spectrum of severity for each parameter of voice quality. Lastly, it is very important for the SLPs to perform a team approach by documenting and delivering important information pertaining to auditory-perceptual characteristics in an appropriate and efficient way through close communication with the laryngologists.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2022

Students' perceptions of generosity and fairness in lecture evaluation and grades, communication with professors, and self-fidelity and satisfaction during the COVID-19 situation were statistically analyzed by surveying students at M university in Daejeon. These data were analyzed in the context of parameters that might impact online class lecture evaluations, namely gender and school year. Descriptive analysis shows students' perceptions of online lectures are significantly high. As for differences by gender and school year, the t-test results indicate female students generally have better perceptions of online classes than male students. However, there is no statistical difference between male and female students regarding the generosity of lecture evaluation. Also, ANOVA test results show that as the school year increases, the general perceptions for online classes become negative. However, there is no statistical difference by school year regarding the generosity of lecture evaluation. Regression analysis shows that the "perceptual generosity of grades" most significantly influenced the "perceptual generosity of lecture evaluation."

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of the speech rate according to the area in the perceptual and acoustic analysis. This study examines regional variation in overall speech rate and articulation rate across speaking situations (picture description, free conversation and story retelling) with 14 normal adult (7 in Gyeongnam and 7 in Honam area). The result of an experimental investigation shows that the perceptual speech rate differs significantly between two regional varieties of Koreans with a picture description examined here. A group of Honam speakers spoke significantly faster than a group of Gyeongnam speakers. However, the result of the acoustic analysis shows that the speech rate of the two groups did not differ. And there were significant regional differences in the overall speech rate and articulation rate on the other two speaking situation, free conversation and story retelling. It suggest that we have to study perceptual evaluation with regard to the free conversation and story retelling in future research, and based on the results of this study, a variety of researches on the speech rate will be needed on the various conditions, including various area and SLPs who have wider background and experiences. It is necessary for SLPs to train and experience more to assess patients properly and reliably.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.177-182
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• 2003

This study is directed toward determining the number and characteristics of psychologically meaningful perceptual dimensions required for assessing the sound Ouaiity with respect to vehicle interior and/or exterior noises. and toward identifying the acoustical or psychoacoustical bases underlying the perception. By nonmetric MDS and clustring analysis of sound quality data sets on our own, of critical importance are two perceptual dimensions for which subjective verdicts can be interpreted as loudness and sharpness. The perceptual dimensions based upon similarity judgments could be accounted for 48% and 24% of the variance. each of which might be a match for the acoustic parameter "A-weighted maximum pressure level"(r= .85) and for the psychoacoustic parameter "sharpness" (r= .65), respectively. On the other hand, the perceptual dimensions based upon preference ratings could explain 66% and 10% of the variance. where the acoustic parameter "A-weighted maximum pressure leve"(r= .92) might be taken to be a best predictor, but sharpness appeared to be less suitable for the description of Preference behavior. Linked to the results, the problems of quantitative modelling of subjective sound quality evaluation and also of implementing corresponding cognitive combination rule for technical and industrial applications, say having "winner-sound qualify" according to preference criteria will be shortly in discussion.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2021

본 논문은 다양한 손실 함수에 따른 Deep Nerual Network(DNN) 기반 음성 향상 모델의 성능을 비교 평가한다. 베이스라인 모델로는 음성의 위상 정보를 고려할 수 있는 복소 네트워크를 사용하였다. 손실 함수는 두 가지 유형의 기본 손실 함수, Mean Squared Error(MSE)와 Scale-Invariant Source-to-Noise Ratio(SI-SNR)를 사용하였으며 두 가지 유형의 지각 기반 손실 함수 Perceptual Metric for Speech Quality Evaluation(PMSQE)과 Log Mel Spectra(LMS)를 사용한다. 성능은 각 손실 함수의 다양한 조합을 사용하여 얻은 출력을 객관적인 평가와 청취 테스트를 통해 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 지각기반 손실 함수를 MSE 또는 SI-SNR과 결합하였을 때 전반적으로 성능이 향상되며, 지각기반 손실함수를 사용하면 객관적 지표에서 약세를 보이는 경우라도 청취 테스트에서 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.263-275
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• 1992

This study intends to provide strategic positioning of brand image analysed from the view point of perceptual dimensions of clothing consumers. Consumers are segmented on the basis of the attributes of brand image, and in each segment, perceptual map is composed according to multidimensional scaling. The results are as follows; 1. According to the Benefit Segmentation, it is statistically significant that the consumers are divided into 'product-factor oriented group 'and' image-factor oriented group'. 2. From the analysis of perceptual map upon the 'similarity of brand image,'image-factor oriented group 'perceives more differently than 'product-factor oriented group' 3. From the analysis of perceptual map with the evaluation of attributes of brand image, price, promotion and design are significant determinants in 'total consumer group'. In addition, store image is significant determinant in' image-factor oriented group' and quality is significant determinant in' product-factor oriented group'. According to the evaluation of consumers on 8 brands with determining attribute-vector, ranks of brands in each segment are similar in the vector of price and promotion but different in the vector of design between segment groups. 4. From the analysis of perceptual map upon the preference of brand image, the distribution of preference and position of ideal point are different between segment groups. 5. With evaluation of purchase habit, statistically significant differences are found between groups segmented in the degree of importance of attributes, purchasing motive, purchasing time, sources of information and expenses for clothes.