• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.115-131
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• 2007

The 305 fathers and mothers of 4- to 5-year-old children and their teachers participating in this study responded to three kinds of questionnaires. Findings were that (1) fathers reported greater control of their sons' negative expressiveness; mothers reported greater control of their sons' positive expressiveness. Mothers perceived daughters more likely to regulate their emotions than their sons and teachers perceived girls more likely to be well-adjusted interpersonally than boys. (2) Fathers who reported higher control of their sons' negative expressiveness had sons with higher popularity/leadership; mothers who reported higher control of sons' negative expressiveness had sons with lower interpersonal adjustment. (3) Boys with higher emotion regulation showed higher interpersonal adjustment and popularity/leadership. (4) Mothers' control of boys' negative expressiveness influenced boys' interpersonal adjustment, and boys' emotion regulation and fathers' control of boys' negative expressiveness influenced boys' popularity/leadership.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.452-461
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among communication competence, professional self-concept, and stress in clinical practice of nursing students. Methods: The study participants were 308 senior year nursing students in D city and K province. Collected data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS Version 20.0. Results: There were significant differences in participants' stress of clinical practice based on their level of satisfaction on clinical practice, self-confidence of nursing and difficulty with relationships in clinical practice. A negative correlation was detected between stress in clinical practice and the professional self-concept of nursing students. Significant predictors of the perceived stress of clinical practice were satisfaction in clinical practice and pride in nursing. These accounted for 18% of the perceived stress of clinical practice in a regression model. Conclusion: The results may serve as basic data in support of the need to the develop effective systematic stress management programs and clinical training courses in order to attenuate the stress experienced during clinical practice of nursing students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2006

This study attempted to investigate and compare the level of needs and expected benefits of information technology(IT) applications in restaurant operation from managerial and employee levels. Self-competence levels, education and training needs, and the company IT application levels were evaluated. The respondents for the study were the staff of full-service, mid-scale restaurants owned by a firm. Among the respondents, 17.6% were in managerial level(managers) and 82.4% were in employee level(employees). The results of this study indicated that compared to employees, managers perceived more in-depth that IT is beneficial and is needed in restaurant operation. Both groups rated IT as very much needed and beneficial to restaurant operation. However, managers rated their own technological competence significantly higher than the employees did. Both groups expressed the desire for IT training and education although the managers' needs were stronger than the other group. The company's IT application level was assessed by the managers and employees at a slightly higher than average score on a 5-point scale, showing no difference between the groups. The study findings show that the respondents perceived the IT needs and benefits than the present IT application level of restaurants, which suggests more IT applications be adopted to the restaurant operations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to measure brand personalities of deluxe hotels in Seoul, and to identify the difference of brand personality between local and international hotels. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 460 employees in kitchen and F&B departments of 11 deluxe hotels in Seoul. A total of 398 questionnaires were used for anaylsis(86.5%) and the statistical analyses were completed using SPSS Win(12.0) for descriptive analysis, reliability analysis and t-test, and AMOS(5.0) for confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study showed that deluxe hotels have brand personalities relatively strong at 'affection', 'sophistication', 'competence' dimensions, and there was a significant difference by hotel nationality. The brand personality scores of international brand hotels perceived by employees were high at the 'excitement'(p<0.001), 'sophistication'(p<0.001), and 'competence'(p<0.01) dimensions, whereas local hotels were considered more obedient(p<0.01). Overall, it could be a key factor for successful brand management that establish a distinctive brand personality, and a localized brand personality measure will lead to more desirable decision making.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.678-693
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to describe the level of vision and hearing impairments, depression and functional capacity, among Korean institutionalized elderly and to examine the relation-ship between sensory impairments, depression, and functional capacity in these people. The final pupose was to test the cognitive function path model using sensory competencies as predictors. A convenience sample of thirty nine male and 90 female subjects with a mean age of 80.5 were the subjects of this study. The subjects were tested for cognitive function, and vision and hearing impairments. Physical function and social function were measured by observation of designated task performance by the subjects. Their level of de-pression was measured using a Geriatric Depression Scale administered through an interview. Individual subjective ratings of hearing and vision were marked by the subjects, on a ladder scale. The results of the study showed that 48.8% of the subjects had a hearing impairment, 63.5% had a vision impairement, and 36.4% had both a vision and hearing impairement. The four sensory groups (no sensory impairement, hearing impairement, vision impairement, hearing and vision impairement) were tested for differences in depression, physical function, social behavior and cognitive function. The only significant difference that was found was in cognitive function, between the no sensory impairement group and the hearing and vision impairement group(F=3.25, P<.05), Subjective ratings of hearing showed a significant correlation with cognitive function(r=.34, p<.001) and with social behavior(r=.31, p<.001). There was no correlation between subjective vision ratings and cognitive function or social behavior. However there was a significant correlation between vision and hearing(r=.49, p<.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between age and vision(r=-.21, p<.01) and between age and hear-ing(r=-.34, p<.001). There was a significant correlation between depression and physical function (r=-.32, p<.001) but there was no correlation between depression and cognitive function or social behavior. Based on the literature review and the result, this study, a path model of sensory competence-> cognitive function- >social behavior was developed and tested : Perceived vision and perceived hearing were the exogenous variahles and cognitive function and social behavior were the endogeneous variables in the model. The path analysis result demonstrated an accept-able fit (GFI=.997, AGFI=.972, X$^2$=.72 (p=.396), RMSR=.019) between the data and the model. There was a significant direct effect($\beta$=.38) of perceived hearing on cognitive function. There was a significant direct effect ($\beta$=.32) of cognitive function on social behavior. The total effect of hearing on social behavior was $\beta$=.32 including the indirect effect ($\beta$=.12) . However perceived vsion had little effect ($\beta$=-.08) on cognitive function. The result of path analysis confirms that hearing levels influence cognitive function, and both hearing and cognitive function levels influence social behavior. However, vision has little effect on cognitive function or on social behavior. For the next study, a combined model of the pre viously developed environment - >depression- > physical and social function model, and the present cognitive function model, should be tested to further refine the functional capacity model. There also a need for longitudinal study of functional capacity and sencory competence in order to better understand how declining sensory competence influences functional capacity and how it effects in-creasing dependency and nursing needs in the elderly.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.49-72
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• 2003

Despite the phenomenal growth of Internet users in recent years, the penetration rate of B2C electronic commerce(EC) is still low. According to previous studies, one of most often cited reasons is the lack of consumers' trust. Although trust is an important concept in B2C EC, there is a lack of theory-based empirical research in this area. In this paper, influencing factors are proposed for investigating the nature of trust in the specific context of B2C EC. Thirteen hypotheses are empirically tested. The results show that most of hypotheses are supported except for perceived size, perceived competence, perceived reputation, familiarity and third party recognition. In addition trust was found to have a strong positive effect on intention to purchase. Finally, trust was found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and intention to purchase. Implications of these findings are discussed for researchers and practitioners.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference of maternal parenting stress and social support according to infant's age and to examine the effect of social support and infant's age on parenting stress. The subjects were 145 mothers who have 2-5 olds children. The questionnaire was used as a methodological instrument and the statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentile mean t-test Pearson's r-coefficient and multiple regression. Results of this study indicate that mothers with 2-3 olds child perceived more child's demandingness and mothers with 4-5 olds child perceived more mother's competence. Mothers with 2-3 olds child perceived more social support than mothers with 4-5 olds child. Husbahd's support and infant's age were found to be important variables in predicting parenting stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1785-1794
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine differences between nursery teachers and kindergarten teachers in their perception on key elements of effective interactions and enhanced teaching competence. The subject of the study were 143 early childhood teachers in the Y region of Gyeonggi-do. The collected data was processed through frequency and percentage. For difference test, ${\chi}^2$ tests were conducted. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, both nursery teachers and kindergarten teachers perceived that listening and playing were the most important factors in effective interactions between young children and teachers. However, nursery teachers perceived the interaction through skin-ship and complimenting to be more important whereas kindergarten teachers perceived questioning and complimenting as necessary. For the teaching criteria, nursery teachers put more weights on playing while kindergarten teachers focus more on explaining and coorperating. In addition, about evaluation methods, nursery teachers perceived self-evaluation as important, whereas kindergarten teachers perceived observation notes as important. Second, about the elements to strengthen teaching competence, nursery teachers perceived that observation records should be utilized for understanding interest or desire. They also believe that development analysis and teaching methods should be improved through systematical teaching plan and evaluation and that enhancement of teaching material and education are necessary. In contrast, kindergarten teachers perceived that observation records should be utilized for teaching plan and development analysis and teaching methods should be improved through participating in the meetings related to career and education. They believe that providing a prize money through supervising evaluation is necessary.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 2018

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is online education that anyone can register for free and has internet access. MOOC is also called Education Revolution and is spreading rapidly all over the world. Although recent MOOC high-quality classes may enhance the value of MOOC, MOOC learning still needs much research. Since MOOC has low learning completion rate and continuous use rate, various studies on the reasons that learners give up at the beginning of learning have not been tried yet This research is studied for the continuous intention of use of MOOC applying self-determination theory and learning flow theory based on technology acceptance model. In particular, the research are conducted for cultural difference in continuous usage of MOOC between Korean and Chinese. The research results show that self-determination theory applying perceived autonomy, perceived competence, and perceived relatedness and learning flow is useful to explain continuous use of MOOC. The research also shows that Hofstede theory works well in explaining the cultural difference between Korea and China in continuous usage of MOOC. The result shows that korean is more influenced by perceived external motivation like perceived usefulness and chinese is more influenced by internal motivation like learning flow in continuous use of MOOC.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.244-256
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• 2017

Purpose: This research was conducted to identify methods of inducing health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment in the frail elderly receiving home visiting services. Methods: The subjects were 255 frail elders aged over 65 registered in the home visiting services of five public health centers in Daegu. Data were collected from June 9 to August 10, 2015. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS Win 18.0. Results: The mean health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment scores were 2.56 (${\pm}0.33$), 7.11 (${\pm}1.98$), 2.60 (${\pm}0.69$) and 2.90 (${\pm}0.29$), respectively. There was significant difference in health promotion behavior by client classification and life satisfaction. There were significant differences in perceived health status by life satisfaction, social participation by religion and client classification and empowerment by past jobs. Health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment were positively correlated. Conclusion: An integrative health care program that includes these significant variables of subjects is essential to management and prevention of deterioration of frailty in elderly.