• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1998

In mammal, lots of follicles start simultaneously their growth but only a few oocytes are ovulated in every sexual cycles. Most of matured and grown oocytes are destined to degenerate by atresia. However, the molecular and physiological mechanisms are not elucidated yet. The present study was designed to establish an induction method of follicular atresia with ketamine or pentobarbitone and evaluate the effect of these anesthetics on oocyte maturation and granulosa cell apoptosis of the mouse ovarian follicle. The percentages of degenerated oocyte and apoptotic granulosa cell in ketamine treated groups were significantly higher than that in controls (58.9% vs 33.5%, p<0.01, degeneration; 44.9% vs 26.6%, p<0.01, apotosis). Futhermore, it was revealed that the concentrations of progesterone in both groups were markedly higher than that in control. In cunclusion, it is considered that ketamine induce an atresia as pentobarbitone, and may be useful for inducing follicular atresia.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2006

The ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera root was studied for its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using pentobarbitone induced sleeping time test, the open field test and the hole cross test in Swiss albino mice. The present investigation revealed that the extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly prolonged the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice though the onset of sleep was delayed as compared to control. In open field test the depressing effect was prominent from the second observation period (30 min) and persisted throughout the entire experimental period (240 min). In the hole cross test, the depressing effect was observed significant from the third observation period (60 min) and persisted up to the seventh observation period (240 min) except at fourth observation (90 min) for 250 mg dose group and depressing effect was significant from second observation (30 min) up to seventh observation period (240 min) for 500 mg dose group. These results support the finding that Leucas aspera root may contain biologically active constituent(s) having CNS activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2004

The methanol extract of Diospyros peregrina bark was studied for its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time test, the open field test and the hole cross test in Swiss albino mice. The present investigation revealed that the extract, at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly prolonged the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice though the onset of sleep was delayed as compared to the control. In open field test, the depressing effect was prominent from the second observation period (30 min) and persisted throughout the entire experimental period (240 min). In the hole cross test, the depressing effect was observed from the second observation period (30 min) and persisted up to fifth observation period (120 min) for 250 mg dose group and up to sixth observation period (180 min) for 500 mg dose group. These results support the finding that D. peregrina bark extract at the above doses has CNS depressing effects and indicate that D. peregrina bark may contain biologically active constituent(s) having CNS depressant activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

The ethanolic extract of Fleurya interrupta Gaud, (Urticaceae) was tested for its possible neuropharmacological effects on experimental animals, For the primary neuropharmacological screening of this plant, the ethanolic extract of its aerial parts was subjected to preliminary evaluation for acute toxicity, antinociceptive activity and central nervous system (CNS) activities. At the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg, the extract significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0. 001) and dose-dependently increased the frequency of acetic acid induced writhing in mice. In the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time test, the extract at the above dose levels, significantly and dose-dependently decreased the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time (P < 0.001) and increased the time for onset of sleep (P < 0.001) in mice. In the open field and hole cross tests, test animals showed an increase in their movement in the both tests from the 2nd observation period (30 min) and persisted throughout the entire experimental period (240 min). These results of the extract may attribute a stimulating action on the CNS. On the basis of these findings, it can be assumed that the extract exerts its stimulating effect on the CNS in mice by interfering with the cortical function or increasing the effect of some CNS stimulating neurotransmitters.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.184-186
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• 1992

Malonic acid amides were synthesized using different amino acids and their esters. THe synthesized compounds were evaluated for their sedative activity on rats. Potentiating effect of all the compounds on pentobarbitone induced sleep on rats was observed. Plasma protein binding studies were also carried out and it was observed that the synthesized compounds have low plasma protein binding as compared to barbiturates.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2006

The aqueous extract of Hydrilla verticillata (AEHV) was tested for possible pharmacological effects on experimental animals. AEHV significantly potentiated the sleeping time of mice induced by standard hypnotics viz. pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam, and meprobamate in a dose dependent manner. AEHV showed significant analgesic properties as evidenced by the significant reduction in the number of writhes and stretches induced in mice by 1.2% acetic acid solution. It also potentiated analgesia induced by morphine and pethidine in mice. Pretreatment with AEHV caused significant protection against strychnine and leptazol-induced convulsions. The behavioral studies on mice indicate CNS depressant activity of the aqueous extract of H. verticillata.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 1999

Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. belonging to the family Menispermaceae is the biggest store-house of diphenyl bisbenzylisoquinoline (DBBI) alkaloids. Exhaustive chemical processing of the root of T. racemosa by the application of modern separation techniques yielded a DBBI alkaloid which was identified as tiliacorine using sophisticated spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, $1^H-NMR$, Mass). Tiliacorine potentiated the sleeping time induced by standard hypnotics viz. chlorpromazine (CPZ), pentobarbitone (PB) and diazepam (DZ) in a dose dependent manner. Tiliacorine potentiated the analgesic action of standard analgesic agents viz., morphine and meperidine. It was also found to possess anti convulsive activity in the strychnine induced convulsion model.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.91-92
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• 2003

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive and sedative - hypnotic effect of a vacuum dried methanol extract of aerial parts of Artemisia pallens. In the tail-flick method with Swiss albino mice the methanol extract at the doses of (1500 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, and 2500 mg/kg) showed significant antinociceptive activity. Significant potentiation of Pentobarbitone sodium - induced sleeping time was observed in mice on co-administration of the various doses of the methanol extract of Artemisia pallens.