• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1606-1608
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• 2014

During an investigation of the fungal diversity of Korean soils, four Penicillium strains could not be assigned to any described species. The strains formed monoverticillate conidiophores with occasionally a divaricate branch. The conidia were smooth or finely rough-walled, globose to broadly ellipsoidal and $2.5-3.5{\times}2.0-3.0{\mu}m$ size. Their taxonomic novelty was determined using partial ${\beta}$-tubulin gene sequences and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates belonged to section Lanata-Divaricata and were most closely related to Penicillium raperi. Phenotypically, the strains differed from P. raperi in having longer and thicker stipes and thicker phialides. Strain KACC $47721^T$ from bamboo field soil was designated as the type strain of the new species, and the species was named Penicillium koreense sp. nov., as it was isolated from various regions in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.385-389
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• 2004

The antibody-mix sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-mix sELlS A) system was developed in order to simultaneously detect the extracellular polysaccharide (FPS) of Aspergillus, Penicillium, or Fusarium species using one detection system. The detection limit and detection range of the Ab-mix sELISA towards EPS of Penicilliun citrinum were not changed, and those towards Fusarium moniliforme EPS were changed a little compared to that of individual sandwich ELISA [9, 10]. The fungal culture filtrates of Aspergillus and Penicillium species showed nearly similar reactivity towards Ab-mix sELISA as that of sELISA using the MAb lB8 alone [9]. Also, the fungal culture filtrates of Fusarium species showed nearly the same reactivity towards Ab-mix sELISA as that of sELISA using the MAb lB8 alone [10]. Thus, this ELISA system showed that the three genera of molds, Aspergillus, Penicillium, or Fusarium, which are three major important molds producing mycotoxins in food or agricultural commodities, could be detected at the same time, using one detection system.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2005

A total of 81 isolates of Penicillium were isolated from postharvest seeds of barely, Job's-tears, maize, sorghum and rice from 1997 to 2003. Based on the morphological characteristics, they were identified as P. chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. cyclopium, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum, P. purpurogenum and P. viridicatum. P. chrysogenum was detected from Job's-tears, rice and sorghum seeds, P. citrinum from maize seeds, P. cyclopium from sorghum seeds, P. oxalicum from barely, maize, sorghum and rice seeds, P. purpurgenum from maize, rice, sorghum seeds, P. viridicatum from Job's-tears, maize and rice seeds, P. polonicum from Job's-tears, maize, rice and sorghum seeds. Among these species, P. cyclopium, P. polonicum and P. purpurogenum were first reported in Korea. Especially, about 50% of the Penicillium isolates detected from the seeds were P. polonicum. Identification of the Penicillium species using morphological characteristics was difficult especially for the species belonging to the subgenus Penicillium such as P. polonicum.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 1985

Aspergillus niger var. macrospours, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum and Penicillium spinulosum were cultured under different cultural conditions. The lipids produced by these species and fatty acid compositions of lipids were investigated. The macimum lipid contents produced by each species were 17.8% for Asp. niger var. macrosporus, 31% for Asp. fumigatus, 12.6% for P. notatum and 17.5% for P. spinulosum, respectively. The major fatty acid compositions were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Asp. niger var. macrosporus and Asp. fumigatus were highest oleic acid during all incubation periods and P. notatum and P. spinulsum were linoleic acid. Degree of unsaturation was higher Penicillium than Aspergillus. The fatty acid compositions were changed depending on the incubation temperature, but hardly showed a certain tendency except linoleic acid and degree of unsaturation that were higher at lower temperature.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2022

Penicillium vietnamense sp. nov. was isolated from Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam in June 2017. It is phylogenetically distinct from the sister species of Penicillium section Charlesia series Indica based on multi-locus sequence typing results using internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal RNA, b-tubulin, calmodulin, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit regions. It showed strong growth on Czapek yeast autolysate agar at 37 ℃, a strong acid production on Creatine sucrose agar, and produced short stipes, small vesicles, and subglobose to globose conidia delicately roughened with very short ridges. As the first novel marine fungi species described from Vietnam and discovered in a unique environment, the data could be significant for understanding the taxonomy and geographical distribution of marine fungi in tropical coastal systems such as Vietnam.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2010

Blue mold is the most important postharvest disease of apples in Korea. Apple fruits with blue mold symptoms were collected from storages in different locations in Korea and were investigated for their association with Penicillium species. A total of sixty five isolates of Penicillium were sampled from the collected apples. Based on DNA sequence analysis of ${\beta}$-tublin gene and ITS and lsu rDNA (ID region) and morphological characteristics, they were identified as P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. italicum, P. solitum and P. sp.. P. sp. which is closely related to P. hirsutum is a new species, not reported before. P. expansum (35%) was predominant species followed by P. crustosum. The phylogenetic tree inferred from combined ${\beta}$-tublin and ID region sequence showed good correlation with species that are defined by morphological characteristics. In pathogenicity test, apples were wound-inoculated with conidial suspension and incubated at $20-22^{\circ}C$. The most severe and destructive species was P. expansum. The species caused a decayed area 42-50mm in diameter after 8-10days. Decayed area caused by P. crustosum and P. sp. was 26-32mm and 20-26mm, respectively. This is the first record of P. crustosum, P. italicum and P. sp. from apple in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 2002

A total of twenty-nine species and one species variety belonging to 12 genera was isolated from 30 samples of molasses on 1% glucose(10 genera, 22 species and 1 variety) and 50% sucrose(7, 21 and 1) Czapek's agar at $25^{\circ}C$ media. Aspergillus, Mucor, Mycosphaerella and Penicillium were the most common genera on the two types of media. From the above genera, the most prevalent species were: Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum and P. purpurogenum. Also, some species were only isolated on 50% sucrose such as Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, Humicola fuscoatra, Penicillium aurantiogriseum and P. puberulum. About 65 fungal isolates isolated from 50% sucrose agar were tested for their ability to produce invertase enzyme in liquid medium and 93.8% of the isolates could produce this enzyme. From the positive isolates, 32 showed high invertase activity, 21 had moderate activity and the remaining 8 isolates were of weak activity. Sixty isolates of Aspergillus, Emericella, Eurotium, Mycosphaerella and Penicillium from the preceding study were screened for the presence of their respective mycotoxins. Larva of brine shrimp(Artema sauna L.) were used for toxicity test of the fungal crude extracts. Three isolates out of 60 tested were toxic. Using thin-layer chromatographic technique, 5 different known mycotoxin were detected aflatoxins : B1, B2, G1, G2 and citrinin.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2019

In order to elucidate the fungal diversity and community structure in freshwater environments, numerous fungal strains were isolated from freshwater, submerged soils, twigs, dead insects, etc. Among them, the present study has focused specifically on Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces species, which produce diverse useful metabolites in general. Twelve strains of Aspergillus isolated were identified as A. japonicus (n = 5), A. tubingensis (3), A. niger (2), and A. flavus (2), 10 strains of which belong to Aspergillus section Nigri, named black Aspergillus. Eight strains of Penicillium were identified as P. brasilianim (n = 3), P. oxalicum (2), P. crustosum (1), P. expansum (1), and P. piscarium (1). Two different strains of Talaromyces were identified as T. pinophilus and T. versatilis. Thus far, Penicillium piscarium and Talaromyces versatilis have been unrecorded in Korea, for which we provide detailed morphological and molecular characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.292-303
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• 2017

During a survey of culturable fungi in Korea, 18 unrecorded fungal species were isolated and identified from the indoor air of mushroom cultivation houses, the materials used for preparation of mushroom cultivation media, wild plants, and funitures. This study reports the descriptions of the 18 unrecorded fungal species: Aspergillus creber, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Colletotrichum spaethianum, Coniochaeta velutina, Coprinellus xanthothrix, Epicoccum sorghinum, Leptosphaeria rubefaciens, Myrothecium gramineum, Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, Penicillium erubescens, Penicillium melinii, Penicillium pulvillorum, Penicillium sabulosum, Penicillium turbatum, Pestalotiopsis portugalica, Pilidiella castaneicola, Rachicladosporium pini, and Umbelopsis nana. For all the identified species, the morphological characteristics including the features of colony formed on media, images of light microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic relationships based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA), 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ${\beta}-tubulin$ gene, calmodulin gene, and translation elongation factor gene were described.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2003

To study the interaction between rice weevil and storage molds, the preference of rice weevil to the four mold species (Aspergilus candidus, A. niger, A. flavus and Penicillium spp.) and the resulting reproduction of the rice weevil were observed. The rice weevil preferred rice grains contaminated with the molds to autoclaved ones regardless of the mold species tested. Among the four mold species, A. candidus and Penicillium sp. were highly preferred than the others. Reproduction of the rice weevil was higher on the grains contalminated with A. candidus and Penicillium sp., than on autoclaved ones, but was lower on the grains contaminated with A. flavus. The partial disagreement between preference and reproduction of the rice weevil might be a suggestion that both the weevil behavior adapting nutritional requirements and the process of the long intensive coadaptation of the rice weevil and storage molds requiring similar moisture niche are the major components of the population interaction between the weevil and molds.