• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.579-583
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• 2004

Actinomycosis is an indolent infectious disease characterized by pyogenic response and necrosis, followed by intense fibrosis. The main forms of human actinomycosis are cervicofacial, pulmonary, and abdominopelvic type. Pulmonary actinomycosis accounts for 15% to 20% of total cases and unfortunately, clinical manifestations and radiologic findings are nonspecific. Small pleural effusion or empyema may develop in advanced disease but massive empyema is infrequent and rarely reported. We report a case of huge empyema caused by pulmonary actinomycosis in a 55 year-old man, presented with one-month history of productive cough and fever. The CT scan revealed a huge cavity with air-fluid level occupying the left hemithorax. Empyema caused by actinomycosis was confirmed microscopically by demonstration of sulfur granules in empyema sac through thracotomy. Decortication and surgical resection of empyema sac and destructed lung was accomplished and followed by intravenous infusion of penicillin G.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 1984

A total of 141 strains of Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaques of 153 subjects. Eighty-two children with caries-experience, 18 caries-free children and their mothers were participated. All isolates were examined for their serotypes by immunodiffusion method with 7 reference sera and their antibiotic susceptibilities to 7 antibiotics by agar dilution method using 7 kinds of antibiotics, and were compared their results by caries experience (DMFT ratio) and by intrafamilial levels. 1. Isolation rate of Streptococcus mutans were greater in samples of carious teeth than those of sound teeth, and in mothers than in children. 2. Multiple serotypes of Streptococcus mutans were occasionally found in a single samples. 3. Of the total 141 isolates (83 isolates from children, and 58 from their mothers), type c isolates were most prevalent (63.8%). Type d,e and f were found, comprizing 14.9%, 10.6% and 6.4% respectively. Serotype g, a and untypable strain were also found but far lower frequencies (2.8-0.7%), and type b was detected. 4. These results suggest that there are no significant correlation among the distribution of serotypes, antibiotic susceptibilities, caries experience and intrafamilial relationships. 5. Most of isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%), penicillin (95.7%), ampicillin (94.3%), and gentamicin (92.2%), but about one-third isolates were resistant to cephaloridine (27%), streptomycin (33.3%) and kanamycin (47.6%), resulting that 91 strains (64.5%) among 141 isolates were resistant to one or more drugs used. 6. Of the 91 resistant strains, 20 different resistant patterns were observed, and the most frequently encountered patterns were KM, SM and CE.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-133
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• 2016

Background: Combination chemotherapy regimes are common treatments for cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of individual chemotherapeutic agents in comparison with a first line chemotherapy regime treatment in the AGS gastric cancer cell line by MTT assay. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, AGS cells were grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 100 IU/ml penicillin, and $10{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycinin, under a humidified condition at $37^{\circ}C$ with 5% CO2. All cells were washed with PBS and detached with trypsin, centrifuged and 8000 cells re-plated on to 96- well plates. LD50 doses of Epirubicin, Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were added to each well in mono or triple therapy. Anti-proliferative activities were determined by MTT assay after 24, 48 or 72 h. Results: Results of MTT assays showed that there were no significant differences among 3 drugs in monotherapy (p=0.088), but there was significant difference between combination therapy with epirubicin (P=0.031) and 5FU (p=0.013) on cell survival at 24 h. After 48 and 72 hours, cell viability showed significant differences between the 3 drugs (p=0.048 and P=0.000 for 48 and 72 h, respectively) and there was significant difference between combination therapy with epirubicin (P=0.035 and P=0.002 for 48 and 72 h, respectively). Conclusions: The results showed no significant differences between these chemotherapy drugs each given alone, but combination therapy with 3 drugs had significant effects on cell viability in comparison with epirubicin alone.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.587-595
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• 2019

Eighty-three Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater in Gomso Bay on the west coast of Korea, and commercial fisheries from Gunsan fisheries center were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes and susceptibility to 30 different antimicrobials. All 83 isolates were examined for the presence of two virulence genes (tdh or trh) using polymerase chain reaction; however, neither gene was found in any of the isolates. A disk diffusion susceptibility test, showed that all of the strains studied were resistant to clindamycin, oxacillin, ticarcillin, and vancomycin, and also revealed varying levels of resistance to ampicillin (98.8%), penicillin G (95.2%), streptomycin (20.5%), cefoxitin (14.5%), amikacin (6.0%), cephalothin (4.8%), and erythromycin (3.6%). However, all of the strains were susceptible to 19 other antimicrobial agents, including cefepime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. All 83 isolates (100%) were resistant to five or more classes of antimicrobials, and two strains exhibited resistance to ten antimicrobial agents. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations against V. parahaemolyticus of clindamycin, oxacillin, ticarcillin, and vancomycin were 55.9, 98.3, 499.3, and 44.3 ㎍/mL, respectively. These results provide new insight into the necessity for seawater sanitation in Gomso Bay and commercial fisheries, and provide evidence to help reduce the risk of contamination by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

Bee venom is synthesized in the venom gland's of worker and queen bees and stored in their venom sacs. Bee venom is a rich source of enzymes, peptides and biogenic amines. there are at least 18 active components in the venom which have some pharmaceutical properties. This study was performed to evaluate minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of bee venom against bacteria isolated from pjgs and chickens with disease. In case of reference strains, the MIC $({\mu}g/m{\ell})$ of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 6538 were 64, 64 and 32, respectively. In case of bacteria isolated from pig and chicken, the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus chromogenes were 8, 128 and 128, and that of 11 strains of Escherichia coli were 8 to >512 and that of 8 strains of Salmonella sup were >512. Antibacterial resistance test of 22 strains isolated from pig and chicken and 3 reference strains were performed by agar gel diffusion method, using 17 antibacterial drugs including penicillin, cefazolin, tetracycline and quinolone group. The multiple drug resistant patterns were found in most strains isolated from pig and chicken.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.395-398
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• 2007

A total of 114 Salmonella spp. (17.90%) were isolated from 637 fecal swab samples collected in October 2005 and they were from 25 (78.13%) of 32 farms investigated nation-widely in Korea. Salmonella spp. from age group of 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-day olds were 17.61%, 16.98%, 15.72%, and 21.25%, respectively. Nine serovars of Salmonella spp. were identified. The predominant serovars of isolates were S. Typhimurium (including var Copenhagen), S. Agona, S. Derby, and S. Heidelberg by turns. Almost isolates belonged to serogroup B (69.30%). All isolates were resistant to penicillin G and oxytetracycline, and this was considered due to be used as feed additive through the most of pig farms for decades. And also, frequent resistance observed for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and lincomycin-spectinomycin, which are commonly used in veterinary medicine for decades, indicates an urgent need to utilize these antimicrobials more prudently if their benefits are to be preserved.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus fermentum 450 isolated from raw milk. L. fermentum 450 showed optimum growth at $40^{\circ}C$ and exhibited immunomodulatory effects on $interleukin-1{\alpha}$, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and nitrous oxide at concentrations of >2,500 pg/mL, >2,000 pg/mL, and $11.55{\pm}2.95{\mu}M$, respectively. Of the 16 antibiotics tested, L. fermentum 450 exhibited the highest sensitivity to rifampicin, followed by penicillin-G, and the highest resistance to kanamycin, followed by neomycin and polymyxin B. The strain showed high acid phosphatase activity and was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid. Moreover, the strain displayed high resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium (63.86%). These results demonstrate that L. fermentum 450 has potential for use as a probiotic with immunomodulatory activity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.572-578
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• 2010

The extraction/clean-up and concentrating of pharmaceuticals from surface water were performed by HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balanced) cartridge. The method allows for the simultaneous determination of six pharmaceuticals by HPLC/ESI(+)-MS/MS. Recoveries of the pharmaceutical were between 71.1 to 92.6% (except fenbendazole) and the overall variability of the method was below 11.2% (RSD). The calibration curves for the pharmaceuticals from blank surface water showed good linearities (above $r^2$ = 0.99) in the concentration range of 0.007~1.2 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 7.2~128.7 pg/mL and 23.8~429.1 pg/mL, respectively. The present analytical method can be useful for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals in surface water and other aquatic samples. High concentrations of iopromide and fenbendazole were detected in a few samples of surface water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2015

Ever since the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), the livestock death rate has increased owing to pathogenic bacterial infections. There is a need of developing AGP alternatives; however, the mechanisms by which AGP enhances livestock growth performance are not clearly understood. In this study, we fed 3-week-old swine for 9 weeks with and without AGPs containing chlortetracycline, sulfathiazole, and penicillin to investigate the effects of AGPs on swine gut microbiota. Microbial community analysis was done based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes using MiSeq. The use of AGP showed no growth promoting effect, but inhibited the growth of potential pathogens during the early growth stage. Our results showed the significant increase in species richness after the stabilization of gut microbiota during the post-weaning period (4-week-old). Moreover, the swine gut microbiota was divided into four clusters based on the distribution of operational taxonomic units, which was significantly correlated to the swine weight regardless of AGP treatments. Taxonomic abundance analysis indicated a negative correlation between host weight and the abundance of the family Prevotellaceae species, but showed positive correlation to the abundance of the family Spirochaetaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, and Peptostreptococcaeae species. Although no growth performance enhancement was observed, the use of AGP inhibited the potential pathogens in the early growth stage of swine. In addition, our results indicated the ecological succession of swine gut microbiota according to swine weight. Here, we present a characterization of swine gut microbiota with respect to the effects of AGPs on growth performance.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.467-471
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• 1996

We report a case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with fever, dry cough and pulmonary consolidation at the left upper lobe on chest radiograph. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed obstruction of the left upper lobar bronchus with exophytic mass and multiple nodular protruding lesions at the left main bronchus. Endobronchial actinomycosis was confirmed by demonstration of sulfur granule through the bronchoscopic biopsy of nodular lesion. Intravenous administration of penicillin G followed by oral tetracycline therapy for 5 months resulted in complete recovery of symptoms which had been present for 3 months prior to therapy. Infiltrative consolidation on the chest X-ray disappeared and all the lesions shown by bronchoscopy were nearly normalized after 6 months only to remain small nodular remnants at the left main bronchus. Endobronchial actinomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial mass.