• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.737-750
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• 2018

Effects of acid soaking (AS) and thermal sterilization (TS) on the shape and quality characteristics of Tteokbokki rice cake (TRC) were investigated. The F-value of a sequential process (SP) of the combination of AS and TS was quantitatively determined with a reference microorganism of Bacillus cereus. F-values were evaluated according to the minimum and the maximum D-value of B. cereus and the reduction exponent (m=12). The heat penetration curves at cold point (CP) of TRC (400 g) were used to estimate the TS time at 121, 100, and $95^{\circ}C$. F-values of the SP were revised according to the adjusted m values after AS at different pH. The non-uniformity parameters (NUP) of TRC had no significant changes during AS but it dramatically increased after applying TS at a low pH by AS. The result of solubilized starch contents (SSC) demonstrated that the shape changes during SP are related to SSC. The texture characteristics and the whiteness were significantly influenced by a low pH condition (3.5) (p<0.05). Sensory analysis showed that a lower pH and a longer thermal processing time influenced negatively on the acceptability. This study showed that pH 4.0 and $95^{\circ}C$ was an optimum condition for the SP.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2020

The recovery of waste proves a solution with two impacts: the environmental impact by the reduction of pollution and the gain of the occupied space by this waste, and the economic impact by the use of these lasts in the building and in the area of public works. The present research consists in recovering a waste marble (thrown powder exposed to the different meteorological phenomena) generated by the quarry marble of Fil-fila, located at the east side of Skikda in the north-east of Algeria, and add it, as sand in the composition of sand concrete. To carry out this research, we analyzed the evolution brought by the substitution of ordinary sand by marble waste sand, with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% on the properties in the fresh state (density, workability and air content) and in the cured state (compressive strength, tensile strength, surface hardness and sound velocity). For durability we tested water absorption by immersion and chloride penetration. The results obtained are compared with control samples of 0% of substitution rate. In order to have a good filling of the voids in the granular skeleton; we added a quantity of limestone recycled fines from the quarries and for a good workability a super-plasticizing additive. The results showed that the partial substitution modified both the fresh and the hardened characteristics of the tested concretes, the durability parameters also improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2017

In Asia, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a very important crop for starch production. Approximately 74.3% of the total sweet potato production quantity is produced in Asia (FAO, 2014) and China is the largest producer of sweet potato. Post-harvest management is particularly important because it is difficult to maintain the quality as well as quantity of sweet potatoes. Despite the importance of post-harvest management, researches on sweet potato have been focused on production-related study such as breeding of new variety, improved techniques of cultivation, so there is limited research on storage after harvest. Curing is a normal practice after sweet potato harvest to promote wound healing and extend postharvest storage life. In Korea, harvested sweet potatoes are usually cured for 4 to 7 days at $30-33^{\circ}C$ and 80-95% relative humidity within one week. Since the optimum storage temperature of sweet potato is regarded as $15-20^{\circ}C$, additional facilities and costs are required to raise the temperature for curing. However, the majority of small farmers do not have the capacity to provide additional facilities and costs. This study was initiated to suggest a new curing method to accelerate the wound healing by applying chemical oxidation to the wound surface of sweet potato. Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the synthesis of secondary metabolites including lignin. In addition, chemical oxidation can be applied to prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms. Powerful gaseous oxidant with excellent penetration ability and superior sterilization effect was selected for this study. Lignification, weight loss, and spoilage rate of artificially wounded sweet potatoes were investigated after oxidant fumigation. There were clear differences in morphological analysis such as lignification pattern, lignin deposition color, and continuity of lignified cell layers between oxidant-fumigated sweet potatoes and control. These results show that gaseous oxidant can be used to supplement or replace the curing practice, to improve shelf-life as well as curing cost reduction.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

Resistance inductions on the leaves of cucumber plant by an arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus intraradices were investigated. In addition, the infection structures were observed at the penetration sites on the leaves of plant inoculated with Colletotrichum orbiculare using a fluorescence microscope. The severity of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare was significantly decreased on the leaves of cucumber plant colonized with G intraradices compared with those of non-treated control plants. As a positive control, pre-treatment with DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA) caused a remarkable reduction of the disease severity on the pathogen-inoculated leaves. There were no significant differences in the frequency of either germination or appressorium formation of the plant pathogen between mycorrhiza colonized and non-treated plants. It was also the same on the BABA pre-treated plants. However, the frequency of callose formation was significantly high on the leaves of G intraradices colonized plants compared to those of non-treated control plants at 5 days after challenge inoculation. On the leaves of BABA treated plants callose formation was not significantly high than those of non-treated, although the disease severity was more strongly suppressed. It was suggested that the resistance induced by colonization with G. intraradices might be related to the enhancement of callose formation at the penetrate sites on the leaves invaded by the pathogen, whereas resistance by BABA did not.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.451-458
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• 2011

Adhesives derived from renewable resources allow wood panel producers to make lower cost alternatives to formaldehyde-based adhesive resins. Among them, adhesive components extracted from industrial by-products or wastes are the most important research fields in the efficient utilization of waste and cost reduction. In our study, the rapeseed flour, which is a by product from the production of biodiesel extracted from rapeseed, was introduced to develop alternative adhesives for the production of wood flooring. The rapeseed flour was hydrolyzed with 1% sodium hydroxide solution and PF prepolymers were prepared with 3-molar ratios, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4. The linear fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the glue bond quality in wood flooring composed of fancy-veneered and plywood, and the formaldehyde emission and adhesive penetration were also investigated. The formaldehyde emissions of wood flooring met the requirement of the standard of $SE_0$ specified in the KS standard. The rapeseed flour adhesive penetrated sufficiently into the vessel elements and lumens in fancy veneer and plywood and gave strong bond quality to the wood flooring. The fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the adhesive joint between fancy veneer and plywood. The critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) of boliva overlayed wood flooring was increased with increasing molar ratio and this was the same tendency in oak overlayed wood flooring. From the results, the formulated adhesives were efficiently used to bond fancy veneer onto the plywood to make wood flooring and showed a potential to be used as a component of environmentally friendly adhesive resin systems for production of flooring.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.741-746
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• 2008

Many methods have been introduced to protect the corrosion of embedded steel in RC structure. One of the methods that restrain corrosion of steel is corrosion inhibitor. The technology that delayed the progress of corrosion is developed recently by converting active rust to passive rust. However, the performance for concrete structure is not fully examined because this corrosion inhibitor is developed for normal metal product. In this study, the application of corrosion inhibitor that use tannin acid is investigated by concrete specimen. According to the results, tannin acid corrosion inhibitor does not occur reduction of workability and strength in concrete. When corrosion inhibitor is added more than 4% per cement weight, the penetration depth of chloride decrease about 10%. Also, corrosion resistance of concrete is improved because tannin acid corrosion inhibitor has an effect on converting the rust of steel into stable state. It is showed in special that the addition more than 6% is effective in corrosion resistance.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2003

The controlled delivery of anticancer agents using biodegradable polymeric implant has been developed to solve the problem of penetration of blood brain barrier and severe systemic toxicity. This study was performed to prepare 5-FU-loaded poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) wafer fabricated microparticles prepared by two different method and to evaluate their release profile for the application of the treatment of brain tumor. 5-FU-loaded PLGA microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SEM observation of the 5-FU-loaded PLGA microparticles prepared by rotary solvent evaporation method showed that 5-FU was almost surrounded by PLGA and significant reduction of crystallinity of 5-FU was confirmed by XRD. In case of release profile of 5-FU from 5-FU-loaded PLGA wafer fabricated microparticles prepared by mechanical mixing, the release profile of 5-FU followed near first order release kinetics. In contrast to the above result, release profile of 5-FU from 5-FU-loaded PLGA wafer fabricated microparticles prepared by rotary solvent evaporation method followed near zero order release kinetics. These results indicate that preparation method of the 5-FU-loaded PLGA microparticles to fabricate into wafers was contributed to drug release profile.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.107-112
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• 2015

Purpose: This study desires to investigate an effect of indoor temperature, humidity, and illuminance targeting a planting system of double-skin facade and cavity space adjacent to the outside within a certain period of winter. Through this, the study suggests a basic material about an energy conservation effect of double window system using planting to reduce heating load of a building in winter, so desires to contribute to indoor thermal comfort effect and illuminance correction study of double window and indoor plant. Method: Considering effects such as day and night climatic elements and air conditions in winter, illuminance measurement was conducted through a double-skin facade of space, a subject of the measurement, on the basis of practical residence time of a resident, and this study analyzed characteristics of indoor illuminance about this. The study measured and compared a change of insolation, dry-bulb temperature, and relative humidity at each indoor-outdoor measuring point, so measured and compared characteristics of an indoor temperature effect by elements of double-skin facade and indoor plant. Result: Through this study, the researcher could determine that indoor plant within double window in winter not only blocks solar radiation but also photosynthesizes, so is somewhat disadvantageous to winter thermal comfort reducing heating load. In addition, solar radiation going through interior plays a role to bring down somewhat high humidity to about 50% of reasonable humidity, so plays a direct role of maintenance of comfortable indoor space. Although there are effects such as blocking of solar radiation and temperature reduction, this has a positive influence on humidity control and proper illuminance distribution. The researcher could determine that illuminance, temperature, and humidity by solar radiation penetration for the whole measuring time play a role to supplement indoor environment mutually.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.133-147
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• 2020

Hexanal, a C-6 aldehyde has been implicated to have antimicrobial properties. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the antifungal activities of hexanal vapor against major postharvest pathogens of banana viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogens were cultured in vitro and exposed to hexanal vapor at 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 ppm. Mycelial growth of both fungal pathogens were inhibited completely at 800 ppm and the incidence of anthracnose and stem-end rot diseases reduced by 75.2% and 80.2%, respectively. The activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and glucanase had transiently increased in hexanal vapor treated banana by 5 to 7 days and declined thereafter. Postharvest treatment of banana with hexanal vapor resulted in phospholipase D inhibition and also resulted in cell wall thickening of the treated fruit, which impeded the penetration of the pathogenic spores. This was further confirmed by scanning electron micrographs. The defense-related protein intermediaries had increased in hexanal vapor treated banana fruit, which suggests induced resistance against C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae, via., the phenylpropanoid pathway which plays a significant role in hindering the pathogen quiescence. Delayed ripening due to inhibition of phospholipase D enzyme, inhibition of mycelial growth and induced systemic resistance by defense enzymes collectively contributed to the postharvest disease reduction and extended shelf life of fruit.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) is a holo-parasitic flowering plant that attaches to the root of its host, green plant, by means of a specialized structure known as haustorium. Following successful contact and penetration on susceptible plant root, complex tissue of Orobanche cells is formed which is known as the tubercle. Newly formed tubercles contain high activity ofindole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), as an inhibitor of IAA polar transport, was utilized to investigate the supply and requirement of auxin to the developing O. ramosa on tomato plant. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of O. ramosa per pot of different TIBA treatments. However, infection severity in terms of the number of O. ramosa shoots that emerged per plant and number of attachments per plant root system were significantly reduced by 60 % and 45 % on TIBA treated plants, respectively. Histo-logical studies revealed conspicuous delay in the initiation of xylem vessel differentiation inside tubercles of the TIBA treated tomato plants. Also, differentiated vessels showed thinner secondary wall deposition, and improper alignment within bundles inside those tubercles. They were wider and shorter in diameter in comparison to those of untreated plants. These findings were attri-buted to the short supply of IAA required for normal development, and to the xylem vessel differentiation of O. ramosa tubercles on infected tomato. Hence, this parasitic flowering plant seems to depend upon its host in its requirements for IAA, in a source to sink relation-ship.