• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.1054-1061
• /
• 2003

Electronic ink is multimedia data that have emerged from the development of pen-based computers such as PDAs whose major input device is a stylus pen. Recently with the development and supply of pen-based mobile computers, the necessity of data processing techniques of electronic ink has increased. Techniques to develop a gesture-allowed text editor in electronic ink domain were studied in this paper. Gesture and electronic ink data are a promising feature of pen-based user interface, but they have not yet been fully exploited. A new gesture recognition algorithm to identify pen gestures and a segmentation method for electronic ink to execute gesture commands were proposed. An electronic ink editor, called GesEdit was developed using proposed algorithms. The gesture recognition algorithm is based on eight features of input strokes. Convex hull and input time have been used to segment electronic ink data into GC(Gesture Components) unit. A variety of experiments by ten people showed that the average recognition rate reached 99.6% for nine gestures.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2020

Marker pens belong to school things that are controlled by the regulation system called safety confirmation under special act on the safety of products for children with the formaldehyde criteria of 20 mg/kg. With nine marker pens available commercially, formaldehyde in marker pen ink was analyzed by present test standard where marking on a fabric swatch with a pen and extracting the swatch in water and derivatization with Nash reagent followed by UV/Vis spectrophotometeric measurement (Nash-UV/Vis method), giving not detected results or a false positive result in case of a colored water extract. However, the contents of formaldehyde in ink of nine marker pens were determinded to range between 3.2 ~ 93.2 mg/kg with three results above the safety criteria of 20 mg/kg by HPLC/DAD measurements on DNPH derivatives of formaldehyde (DNPH-HPLC/DAD method) in ink dissolved directly in water using an ultrasonic bath. Therefore, the DNPH-HPLC/DAD method with the extraction of ultrasonic dissolving ink in water is proposed as a proper method for analyzing formaldehyde in ink. The proposed method has advantages of lower detection limit and accuracy with colored extracts as well as a simple and fast extraction. The accuracy and precision of this method was estimated to be 90.1 ~ 105.4 % and 0.6 ~ 3.3 %, respectively by spiking tests in the ranges of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg using matrixes such as highlighter pen ink, board marker ink, chalk marker pen ink and painter marker ink.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate questioned documents written with blue or black ballpoint pen on paper by nondestructive technique. In this work, 21 blue and 22 black ballpoint pen inks which were purchased on different brands were analyzed by using Microspectrophotometry (MSP). The reflectance spectra were obtained from these ink samples and their shapes and the wavelength of the maximum intensity were compared. In the blue and black ballpoint pen inks, the discriminating powers (DP) were 0.85 and 0.61, respectively. The changes of the reflectance intensity at their wavelength of maximum intensity and their shapes appeared according to the exposure time to sunshine in a laboratory, especially in the blue ballpoint pen inks. Therefore it is possible to distinguish ink entries on the same paper with the relative age in case of questioned letters written with blue ballpoint pen.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 2005

Researchers of oriental color ink painting have concentrated on physical models such as brushes, papers, and ink diffusion. These models can be effective when painter depict a painting by tablet pen. If a painter has poor skill to use tablet pen or drawing ability, result should be not satisfied. In this paper, we propose an automatic painting method for oriental color ink painting. We use a computational approach to abstract landscape image and reproduce a painting by oriental color ink painting method. The reason why we use landscape image, landscape painting is a major theme of oriental ink painting.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.713-720
• /
• 2017

We present a non-photo realistic pen-ink drawing method for outlining and shading of the input image. Especially, we focus on the detailed illustration of the image of which stroke's direction is important. The pen-ink renderer is an alternative display models user can generate traditional illustration renderings of their photo realistic image. The previously proposed pen drawing methods produce feasible description in general image but it is difficult to express in detail for the sophisticated images that need to consider the direction of stroke for each image region. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional method, a direction vector is extracted from a tensor field and we determine a stroke's direction in consideration of not only an edge area but also a gradient of a surrounding area in the image. For more detailed description for the sophisticated image, we generate white noises based on the light and shade of the input image and determine the direction and length of the stroke by using the tensor field for each generated white noise. The proposed method works particularly well for traditional architectural images where the direction and detailed description of the pen is important.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2018

Dip-pen nanolithography(DPN) is an atomic force microscope (AFM) based method of generating nano- or micro-patterns. This technique has been used to transfer various ink materials on the substrate through water meniscus formed between AFM tip and the substrate surface. In this study, the heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrimethoxysilane (HDFDTMS) ink materials were coated on the pre-coated AFM tip surface with the HDFDTMS molecules. When the tip brought into contact with the hydroxyl-functionalized silicon surface, HDFDTMS ink molecules have been successfully transported from the tip onto the surface via water meniscus. The created array and passivation area showed stable structures on the surface, and the transport of ink materials from the AFM tip to the surface followed linear increase in pattern size with contact time.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2004

Electronic Ink is a stored data in the form of the handwritten text or the script without converting it into ASCII by handwritten recognition on the pen-based computers and Personal Digital Assistants(PDA) for supporting natural and convenient data input. One of the most important issue is to search the electronic ink in order to use it. We proposed and implemented a script matching algorithm for the electronic ink. Proposed matching algorithm separated the input stroke into a set of primitive stroke using the curvature of the stroke curve. After determining the type of separated strokes, it produced a stroke feature vector. And then it calculated the distance between the stroke feature vector of input strokes and one of strokes in the database using the dynamic programming technique.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.1388-1391
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we present a design and implementation of U-learning system using pen based augmented reality approach. Student has been given a smart pen and a smart study book, which is similar to the printed material already serviced. However, we print the study book using CMY inks, and embed perceptually invisible dot patterns using K ink. Smart pen includes (1) IR LED for illumination, IR pass filter for extracting the dot patterns, and (3) camera for image captures. From the image sequences, we perform topology analysis which determines the topological distance between dot pixels, and perform error correction decoding using four position symbols and five CRC symbols. When a student touches a smart study books with our smart pen, we show him/her multimedia (visual/audio) information which is exactly related with the selected region. Our scheme can embed 16 bit information, which is more than 200% larger than previous scheme, which supports 7 bits or 8 bits information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.922-929
• /
• 2006

In this study, flow characteristics of the FPN (Fountain Pen Nano-Lithography) using active membrane pumping are investigated. This FPN has integrated chamber, micro channel, and high capacity reservoir for continuous ink feed. The most important aspect in this probe provided control of fluid injection using active membrane pumping in chamber. The flow rates in channel by capillary force are theoretically analyzed, including the control of mass flow rates by deflection of membrane. The above results are compared with numerical simulations that calculated by commercial code, FLUENT. The velocity of fluid in micro channel shows linear behaviors. And the mass flows are proportional to the second order function of pumping pressure that is imposed to membrane.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.7
• /
• pp.1546-1552
• /
• 2004

Electronic Ink is a stored data in the form of the handwritten text or the script without converting it into ASCII by handwritten recognition on the pen-based computers and Personal Digital Assistants(Pocket PC) for supporting natural and convenient data input. One of the most important issues is to search the electronic ink in order to use it. We proposed and implemented a script matching algorithm for the electronic ink. Proposed matching algorithm separated the input stroke into a set of primitive stroke using the curvature of the stroke curve. After determining the type of separated strokes, it produced a stroke feature vector. And then it calculated the distance between the stroke feature vector of input strokes and one of strokes in the database using the dynamic programming technique.