• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.389-391
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• 2016

A 10-month-old, intact female Shih-tzu dog with a pelvic limb ataxic gait, and urinary and fecal incontinence since birth, was examined by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The butterfly hemivertebra of the fourth lumbar vertebra, agenesis of the third sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, and spina bifida of the remaining sacral vertebra were observed on the computed tomography images. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed traction of the conus medullaris. The dog was diagnosed with sacrocaudal dysgenesis with presumptive tethered cord syndrome, and concurrent infectious cystitis was found by ultrasonography and urinary analysis. The Shih-tzu recovered from the cystitis, but still has the ataxic gait and urinary and fecal incontinence. This report summarizes the case of a dog with sacrocaudal dysgenesis that was identified by imaging diagnosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2006

저자들은 뚜렷한 종양성 병변이 방사선학적으로는 물론 전신 PET에서도 유일하게 폐에서만 발견이 되었고, 산부인과적 검진 및 골반 MRI 검사에서도 원발성 종양을 의심할만한 병변이 발견되지 않았으며, 병리학적으로 면역조직화학염색을 통해 ${\beta}$-HCG에 양성인 원발성 폐 융모막암종의 증례를 경험하였기에 이 환자의 임상적 소견과 경과를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2013

A burnt-out prostate cancer tumor is a very rare clinical entity. The term 'burnt-out' refers to a primary tumor that has spontaneously and nearly completely regressed without treatment. Since metastasis of prostate cancer is usually encountered in the presence of advanced disease, distant metastasis with an undetectable primary tumor is very rare. We report herein a case of a burnt-out prostate cancer tumor that metastasized to the thoracic (T) spine and caused cord compression. A 66-year-old man visited the Emergency Department due to weakness of both legs for the past two days. His blood and urine tests were normal at the time. His spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans looked like bone metastasis that involved the T-7 vertebral body and a posterior element, and caused spinal cord compression. Other images, including from the brain MRI, neck/chest/abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and endoscopy, revealed no lesions that suggested malignancy. After total corpectomy T-7 and screw fixation/fusion at T5 to T10, the pathology report revealed a metastatic carcinoma that was strongly positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The serum PSA value was 1.5 ng/mL. The transrectal 12-core prostate biopsy and ultrasonography showed no definitive hypoechoic lesion, but one specimen had slight (only 1%) adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 6 (3+3). The final diagnosis was burned-out prostate cancer with an initial normal PSA value. Although metastatic disease with an unknown primary origin was confirmed, a more aggressive approach in seeking the primary origin could provide a more specific treatment strategy and greater clinical benefit to patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2020

Objective : A primary degenerative sagittal imbalance has been considered because of unique lifestyles such as the prolonged crouched posture during agricultural work and performing activities of daily living on the floor. Previous papers have reported that sagittal imbalance disease is often seen distinctly in the farming districts of "oriental" countries such as Korea and Japan. However, this finding was only evaluated with the use of X-ray, and other factors such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle volume, compression fracture, and laboratory results were not considered. Thus, using these, we evaluate the agricultural work-associated factors for Korean elderly spinal sagittal imbalance. Methods : We recruited 103 Korean participants who had a sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of >5 cm in this Korean Elderly Sagittal Imbalance Cohort Study. The following were evaluated : radiological parameters, MRI, compression fracture, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, C-terminal telopeptide, osteocalcin, bone mineral density and muscle fatty change, muscle volume, and health-related quality of life from patients' survey. Moreover, in this survey, the farmers' annual working hours were investigated. Subsequently, we analyzed the associated factors for spinal sagittal imbalance depending on occupation. Results : A total of 46 participants were farmers, and the others were housewives, sellers, and office workers. The farmer group had more SVA (141 vs. 99 mm, p=0.001) and pelvic tilt (31° vs. 24°, p=0.004) and lesser lumbar lordosis (20° vs. 30°, p=0.009) and thoracic kyphosis (24° vs. 33°, p=0.03) than non-farmer group. A significantly positive correlation was noted between the working hour and SVA in the farmer group (p=0.014). The visual analogue scale score for back pain (8.26 vs. 6.96, p=0.008) and Oswestry Disability Index (23.5 vs. 19.1, p=0.003) in the farmer group were higher than that in the non-farmer group, but the Short Form-36 score was not significantly different between the two groups. The Mini-Mental State Exam score was significantly lower in the farmer group than in the non-farmer group (24.85 vs. 26.98, p=0.002). Conclusion : The farmer group had more sagittal imbalance and back pain in proportion to the working hours even though the muscle and bone factors and general laboratory condition were not significantly different between the two groups. These results supported that the long hours spent in the crouched posture while performing agricultural work were a risk factor for severe sagittal imbalance.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2024

상피상 혈관육종은 혈관에 생기는 육종 중 드문 변이이다. 이 종양은 대개 연부조직에서 발생하고, 뼈에서 발생하는 경우는 특히 드물다. 다발성으로 발생한 경우 이 종양은 이차성 골전이와 혼동될 수 있으며, 매우 치명적인 임상 진행을 보일 수 있다. 우리는 61세의 남성에서 다발성으로 발생한 상피상 혈관육종의 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 이 종양은 혈관성 파종으로 인해 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 엑스선 단순 촬영, CT 및 MRI에서 양쪽 하지 장골에 여러 개의 골융해성 병변이 관찰되었다. 이 중 일부는 골피질을 파괴하면서 연조직성 병변도 동반되었다. 초기 영상의학적 검사 결과로는 전이성 암종이 의심되어, PET-CT를 촬영하였다. 흥미롭게도, PET-CT에서는 이러한 병변들이 양쪽 하지 뼈의 반골, 장골, 경골을 따라 분포하고 있어, 혈관을 따라 파종할 가능성이 있는 혈관육종의 가능성도 확인되었다. 병리학적 소견에서 또한 처음에는 전이성 암종의 가능성을 고려하여 추가적인 면역 화학 염색 검사를 시행하였다. 그러나, 혈관성 표지자인 CD31, ERG 등의 검사 결과 강한 양성 소견을 보여 최종적으로 이 병변은 상피상 혈관육종으로 진단되었다. 이번 증례를 통해 뼈에 일차성으로 발생한 상피상 혈관육종에 대한 임상적, 영상의학적 특징을 정리하여, 진단적 혼동을 줄이고 더 나은 치료 방법을 제공하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

Fat embolism syndrome is a collection of respiratory, neurological and cutaneous symptoms and signs associated with trauma and other disparate surgical and medical conditions. The incidence of clinical syndrome is low while the embolization of marrow fat appears to be an almost inevitable consequence of long bone fractures. The pathogenesis is a subject of conjecture and controversy. There are two theories which have gained acceptance(mechanical theory, biochemical theory). Onset of symptom is usually within 12 to 72 hours, but may manifest as early as 6 hours to as late as 10 days. The classic triad of fat embolism syndrome involves pulmonary changes, cerebral dysfunction and petechial rash. The cornerstone of treatment is preventing the stress response, hypovolemia and hypoxia and operative stabilization of fractures. Corticosteroid are the only drugs which have repeatedly shown a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of fat embolism syndrome. We report a case of post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome with severe cerebral involvement without respiratory distress. A 55 years old female had a traffic accident. She sustained pelvic bone fracture and both humerus fracture. Approximately 4 hours after the accident, mental status change developed without a focal neurologic deficits. She had no respiratory symptom and sign. Her brain MRI showed multiple cerebral fat embolism lesion. The patients received supportive treatment with corticosteroid, albumin. Her neurologic status stabilized over several days. After orthopedic surgery, she was discharged 62 days after admission.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4839-4841
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• 2015

We conducted a retrospectively reviewed of the literature published of patients underwent fertility-preserving treatments for cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers using the WANFANG database in Chinese. A majority were retrospective studies and case reports. With cervical cancer, radical trachelectomy(RT) in combination with pelvic lymphadenectomy could preserve the fertility of patients with early stage IA1-IB1 cancers, Tumor size ${\leq}2cm$ should be emphasized as the indication of RT in considering of the higher recurrent rate in patients with tumor size >2cm. For endometrial cancers, there is much experience on it. Given accurate pretreatment assessment, hormonal therapy is feasible management option to preserve fertility in young patients with early stage lesions that limited to the endometrium and well differentiated. High dose progestin have been applied, oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 250-500mg/day, megestrol acetate 160-480mg/day. Other therapies that have been used in a limited number of cases include GnRH analog, intrauterine devices (IUDS) containing progestogen, usually combination of these therapies. All patients should be followed up by ultrasound and/or MRI evaluation, and endometrial curettage at intervals of 3 months. With ovarian cancer, in China, fertilitypreserving surgery in patients with stage IA (grade G1) of epithelial ovarian tumor and patients with germ cell tumor and borderline ovarian tumor have been successfully performed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5385-5389
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• 2013

Background: For more than 80 years, the standard treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer was radiotherapy. However, based on several phase III randomized clinical trials in the past decade, concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is the current standard for this disease. Gemcitabine has potent radiosensitizing properties in preclinical and clinical trials, so it can be utilized simultanously with radiation. Materials and Methods: Thirty women with untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix of stage IIB to stage IVA were enrolled in the study in the Radiation Oncology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from September 2009 to September 2010. Sixty $mg/m^2$ gemcitabine followed by $35mg/m^2$ cisplatin were concurrently administered with radiotherapy to the whole pelvic region on day one of each treatment week for five weeks. One and three months after treatment, patients underwent a complete physical examination and MRI to determine the response to treatment. Results: The mean age of patients was $58.1{\pm}11.8$ (29-78) years. After 3 months of treatment, 73.3%had complete and 26.7% demonstrated partial response to treatment. Grade 3 anemia was seen in 10%, grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 3.3% and grade 3 leukopenia in 10% of the patients. Conclusions: According to the positive results of this study in stage IIB, further phase II and III clinical trials are suggested to evaluate the role of chemoradiation using Gemcitabine for advanced cervical cancers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2002

목적 : 삼성서울병원 치료방사선과에서 근치적 목적으로 외부조사와 고선량율 강내치료를 이용하여 치료한 자궁경부암 환자의 치료 성적을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1994년 9월부터 1998년 7월까지 근치적 목적으로 방사선치료를 시행한 106명의 환자를 대상으로 분석하였으며, 환자의 연령분포는 $22\~89$세(중앙값, 61세)이었다. 98명의 환자에서 편평상피암이었다. 환자의 FIGO 병기는 CIS 4명, IA 4명, IB 17명, IIA 15명, IIB 33명, IIIA 2명, IIIB 27명, IVA가 4명이었다. ECOG 활동도는 88명에서 1이하였다. 11명의 환자에서 전보조화학요법이 시행되었다. 방사선치료는 상피내암인 4명을 제외한 102명에서 30.6-50.4 Gy를 외부 조사하였으며 고선량율 강내치료를 모든 환자에서 A점 기준으로 24 Gy/6회 시행하였다. 치료 예후 인자는 연령($\leq60$세 vs >60세), 병리조직학적 소견(편평상피암 vs 기타 병리), FIGO 병기(IIA 이하 vs IIB vs IIIA 이상), ECOG 활동도(ECOG 0, 1 vs 2), 항암화학요법의 시행여부, 그리고 방사선치료 후 반응정도(완전관해 vs 부분관해), 방사선치료기간($\leq55$일 vs >55일)에 따라 비교하였다. 환자의 추적관찰기간은 $6\~66$개월(중앙값, 28개월)이었다. 결과 : 전체 3년 및 5년 생존율은 각각 $82\%,\;73\%$이었으며, 무병생존율은 각각 $72\%,\;69\%$이었다. FIGO 병기별 생존율은 병기 IB, IIA, IIB, 그리고 III에서 3년 생존율이 각각 $100\%,\;83\%,\;87\%,\;62\%$이었고 5년 생존율은 IB $100\%$, IIA $69\%$, IIB $80\%$, III에서는 $62\%$이었다. 단변량분석에 따른 예후인자를 살펴보면 전체생존율에서는 FIGO 병기와 방사선치료의 반응이 무병생존율과 골반부 조절율에는 나이와 병기, 방사선치료의 반응, 방사선치료기간이 의미 있는 인자로 확인되었다. 방사선치료 부작용으로 직장 출혈은 모두 14명$(13\%)$의 환자에서 나타났다. 결론 : 자궁경부암 환자의 고선량율 강내치료와 외부 방사선치료는 효과적인 치료방법임을 확인하였으며, 치료기간의 단축이 중요한 예후 결정 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2014

목적: 하부직장암 환자에서 수술 전 평가를 위한 골반 자기공명영상에서 직장 내 초음파 겔 삽입 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2008년 9월부터 2009년 2월까지 하부직장암 환자 25명을 대상으로 하였으며 이들은 모두 수술 전 골반 자기공명영상을 시행하였으며 직장 내 초음파 겔 삽입 전후로 하여 두 차례 시행하였다. 두 명의 영상의학과 의사가 독립적으로 그리고 후향적으로 각 환자의 두 번의 골반 자기공명영상에서 항문 조임근 침범, 절제 범위 침범, 그리고 종양 묘사에 대하여 분석하여 각 항목에 대하여 5단계로 점수를 기록하였다. 그리고 위 두 명의 영상의학과 의사가 합동으로 각 환자의 두 번의 골반 자기공명영상을 바탕으로 항문 피부선에서 종양까지의 거리와 종양의 T항목과 N항목의 병기를 후향적으로 분석하였으며 내시경상 길이와 조직학적 병기를 기준으로 하였다. 결과: 초음파 겔을 삽입한 골반 자기공명영상이 종양 묘사 점수가 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 항문 조임근 침범과 절제범위 침범의 점수는 두 검사간 통계학적으로 유의하게 차이가 있지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 항문 피부선에서 종양까지의 거리는 초음파 겔을 삽입한 골반 자기공명영상이 내시경과 통계학적으로 유의하게 차이가 있었다 ( $6.8{\pm}1.6cm$ vs. $5.8{\pm}1.6cm$, p=0.001). 병리적 병기를 기준으로 두 검사간의 영상의학적 병기는 통계학적으로 유의하게 차이가 있지 않았다. 결론: 초음파 겔을 이용한 골반 자기공명영상은 젤을 이용하지 않는 골반 자기공명영상에 비하여 종양 묘사를 향상시키며 또한 항문 조임근 침범과 절제범위 침범 판단에 같은 능력을 보여 주었다.