• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.1 s.73
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

This study is aimed at investigating optimum level of payments in the direct payment program for aquaculture extruded pellets both theoretically and practically by analyzing the effects on production and income in accordance with Green Box conditions of WTO Agreement on Agriculture. In particular, by analyzing both effects on production and income, it evaluates and compares payments affecting to the level of production and income, respectively. Analysis results indicate that the optimum level of payments in the direct payment program for aquaculture extruded pellets is determined by the growth rate of farmed fish, farming period, price and volume of extruded pellets, and additional amount of cost increase and decrease. Suppose that growth rates of farmed fish by extruded pellets(EP) and raw fish - based moist pellets(MP) are the same, it reveals the optimum level of payment should be lowered from the current level of payment. However, when the growth rate of farmed fish by EP is lower than that by MP, the optimum level of payment should be raised from the current level and total amount of payments by area should be increased as well.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.108.1-108.1
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• 2011

This paper proposes the method to develop the fuel of suljigemi pellets using agricultural by-products the occurred during the manufacturing of alcohol. This paper is the goal to make sulgigemi pellet fuel for develops pellet of high calorie. The methods of sulgigemi pellet manufacturing well mix as the dough with the water and the sulgigemi. And then we have dried in the after compression and molding using well mixed the sulgigemi. The moisture of pellets has dried it removed until about 85%. Suljigemi pellet has the effect of zero emission as the soil conditioner using ash after burning. The merits for the sulgigemi pellet are the convenience of storage and custody. Also sulgigemi pellet has the reduction effect of carriage fee, fuel economy and low-cost high-efficiency effects, environmentally clean fuel as CO2 emissions savings. In experiment, we confirmed to calories of the wood pellet and the sulgigemi pellet. The calorie of the suljigemi pellets has high 233 kilo calories than the wood pellets. So the technologies of the sulgigemi fuel pellets are developing low carbon, green growth renewable energy fuel through futuristic energy system will be.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2003

Fabrication technique of $(Th,U)O_2$ pellets has been investigated. Powder mixtures of $ThO_2\;and\;UO_2$ were milled in two different ways-dry and wet milling. Milled powder was compacted and sintered to $(Th,U)O_2$ pellets. The wet-milled powder leads to a $(Th,U)O_2$ pellet having a high sintered density and uniform distribution of U and Th, compared to the dry-milled powder. The sintered density of a $(Th,U)O_2$ pellet tends to decrease by increasing the content of $ThO_2$. The thermal conductivity of $ThO_2\;and\;(Th,U)O_2$ pellets was measured by the laser flash method. The thermal conductivity of the $ThO_2$ pellet is higher than that of the $UO_2$ pellet, and the thermal conductivities of $(Th,U)O_2$ pellets containing $65wt\%\;and\;35wt\%\;ThO_2$ pellets are lower than that of the $UO_2$ pellet.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2002

CaSO$_4$:Dy thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) is widely used as a personal or environmental dosimeter because of its high sensitivity to radiation. There are many methods to make pellets from the TL phosphorss[l-5]. Sintered pellets were made from a mixture of CaSO$_4$:Dy phosphor and Teflon powder is the most common method. But this method has disadvantage that CaSO$_4$:Dy pellet does not have very high sensitivity because of large amounts of Teflon in Pellets. This Paper described development of a new type of CaSO$_4$:Dy pellets by using P- compounds as a bonding material (KCT-300), and compared the TL sensitivity with that of the commercialized Teledyne CaSO$_4$: Dy pellets. Sensitivity of a new developed KCT-300 shows about 6 times than Teledyne ones, and can be used to measure very low radiation dose.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.475-489
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• 2013

This work was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of binders, such as rapeseed flour, coffee waste, bark, pine cone and lignin powder, on the fuel characteristics of the pellets fabricated with larch and tulip tree sawdust. Moisture content, bulk density and higher heating value of most pellets fabricated with the binders exceeded the 1st-grade pellet standard designated by Korea Forest Research Institute, but ash content of the pellets fabricated with rapeseed flour or bark of 10 wt% on the dry weight basis of sawdust was satisfied with just the 2nd- or 3rd-grade standard. The durability of tulip tree-pellets was positively influenced by the addition of rapeseed flour, coffee waste or lignin powder and increased with increasing the amount of the binders. For larch-pellets, the increase of binders did not greatly affect the durability, and even the durability reduced with the increase of bark or pine cone. From the microscopic observation, the obvious feature of pellet surfaces was not identified by the type of binder but by the addition amount of the binder. In summary, the addition of binders contributed to the fuel characteristics of wood pellets, and particularly the characteristics of wood pellets fabricated with coffee waste improved greatly. Therefore, if the binders are secured sufficiently with a reasonable cost, it might be possible to commercialize wood/binder pellets, which have better fuel characteristics than conventional wood pellets.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rape stalk (RAS) as a raw material for the production of solid bio-fuels. RAS was immersed in an aqueous solution with acetic acid concentration of 1 percent, The content of reducing sugars separated from the RAS was analyzed. Glucose showed the highest content followed by xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose. The immersed and non-immersed RAS were used for producing pellets with a pilot-scaled flat-die pellet mill. Bulk density and calorific values of the pellets improved with the use of the immersed RAS and the addition of wood particles. The values exceeded the minimum requirements for the A-grade of non-woody pellets (≧600 kg/m³ & ≧ 14.5 MJ/kg) designated by the ISO. Ash content of the pellets reduced with the immersion of RAS and the value satisfied the A-grade level (≦6.0%) of the ISO standard. The durability of the immersed RAS-based pellets was much higher than that of non-immersed IRS-based pellets, and the values were increased with the addition of wood particles. However, the durability did not meet the acceptance level for the B-grade of non-woody pellets (≧96.0%) designated by the ISO. These results suggested that the addition of binders in the production of non-woody pellets using an RAS immersed in acetic acid-based aqueous solution is required for the commercialization of the pellets.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2015

The toxicity of red mud (RM) pellets for water purification was evaluated using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna in a lab-scale experiment. According to the algal growth inhibition test, both specific growth rates and relative growth rates of P. subcapitata decreased, and the growth inhibition rates increased ($R^2=0.97$, p<0.001) as the concentration of RM pellets in the aqueous solution increased (>1.6 g/L). Also, based on the acute toxicity evaluation test on D. magna, toxic unit (TU) values ranged between 0.00 and 2.83, and increased with an increase in the concentration of RM pellets in the aqueous solution. A correlation analysis indicated that the pH of RM pellets was statistically correlated with TU values ($R^2=0.77$, p=0.02). The environmental implication from this study is that the concentration of RM pellets in an aqueous solution needs to be lower than 4.4 g/L to keep the maximum permissible TU value less than 1.0.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.40-50
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the potential of torrefied tulip tree (TT) for the production of pellets. For this purpose, chemical composition and fuel characteristics of torrefied TT were examined. In addition, pellets were fabricated by using sawdust of torrefied TT chip, and durability of the pellet was measured. Lignin content of torrefied TT was higher than that of non-torrefied TT, and increased with the increases of torrefaction temperature and time. Fuel characteristics of torrefied TT were affected by torrefied conditions, and the characteristics were influenced more by torrefaction temperature than by torrefaction time. Higher heating value (HHV) and ash content (AC) of torrefied tulip tree increased with increasing torrefaction temperature, and the values were much higher than HHV and AC values of non-torrefied TT. Durability of pellets fabricated with $230^{\circ}C$- and $250^{\circ}C$-torrefied TT was higher than that of $270^{\circ}C$-torrefied TT, and the value exceeded the minimum requirement (-97.50%) of the 1st-grade pellet standard designated by Korea Forest Research Institute. Based on the results, torrefaction treatment of $250^{\circ}C/50min$ to TT might be a optimal condition for the production of TT pellets considering the mass balance and fuel characteristics of TT as well as the durability of the pellets. Thus, it is confirmed that torrefied TT can be used as a raw material for the production of bio-pellets.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

This study has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of pellets manufactured from sawdust, and a mixture of liquid wood-tar and sawdust. Pellets were prepared at room temperature under 2000 kgf/$cm^2$ using an universal testing machine. The pellets prepared from Q. variabilis wood had slightly higher density than those prepared from P. densiflora wood. The amount of fine particles from Q. variabilis wood pellets was smaller than those from P. densiflora wood. The pellets from P. densiflora wood had higher heating values than those from Q. variabilis wood. The wood pellets manufactured with wood tar showed higher moisture content, density and heating value, but lower fine particles. From the experimental results, it is suggested that wood tar can be used to obtain the higher quality wood pellets.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare extruded pellets (EP) and soft extruded pellets (SEP) with a raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) diet on the growth and flesh quality of Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Three groups of 20,000 fish (initial mean weight 133 g) per net-cage ($6{\times}12{\times}7m$) were fed commercial EP, SEP or MP for 16 months. The survival of fish fed SEP was higher than those of fish fed EP or MP. The highest growth performances were observed in the mean weight gain, total weight gain, and feed efficiency of fish fed MP, followed by those fed EP and SEP. Among the fish fed on extruded pellets, the total weight gain of fish fed SEP was higher than that of those fed EP, while fish fed EP grew faster than those fed SEP. No notable differences in body composition, sensory scores or textural properties of the dorsal muscle were observed in fish fed on EP, SEP or MP. Thus, it is suggested that extruded pellets, rather than raw fish-based moist pellets, could be fed to Korean rockfish without compromising flesh quality.