• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.308-312
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• 1999

To develop the effective method for chestnut peeling, we examined the effect of peeling by acid and alkali treatment on their concentration, immersion temperature and time. Furthermore the physical properties of chestnut were investigated. In alkali treatment, 9% NaOH treated at 40$^{\circ}C$ for 9min was the most efficient for peeling outer peel, while acid treatment was less effective. But in the peeling of inner peel, acid treatment was more effective than alkali, especially, 3% HCIO$_4$ treated at 50$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was the most effective. The correalation coefficient between weight and inner(outer) peel weight was higher than other physical properties, and multiple regression equation was established for predicting inner(outer) peel weight.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum operating conditions of the air injection type onion peeling device which could be attached to a prototype onion peeler. An onion, stem and root was cut and some vertical line was dug in 1 mm depth on the skin, was put on the two parallel rollers. The diameters of the rollers were 105 mm and the ratio of peripheral velocity was 3:2, and moved by a geared motor. Air from the nozzle with high pressure and velocity was jetted to the rotating onion on the revolving rollers, and then the skin of the onion was stripped. On the test, the rolling characteristics of the experimental materials were measured. The effective peeling conditions were, the number of digging line on the skin of the onion was 4, and the air jet pressure was above 392.3 kPa(4.0 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) when the peripheral velocity was at 2.4 m/s. On these conditions, time requirement to peel an onion was less than 2 sec.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 1993

Recently, a garlic peeler with high performance is being demanded due to increase of consumption of peeled garlic. Although the air type out of various types of garlic peelers is recommended to remove effectively skin of garlic, it has an important problem of large energy consumption. This study was performed to analyze performance of an air-type garlic peeler for its optimum design. Performance indices to represent performance of garlic peeler include peeling ratio, energy efficiency and peeling performance. The factors such as aperture of nozzle, angle and position of air injection, charge rate of garlic, peeling time and so on must be considered to design optimally an air-type garlic peeler.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to gather basic information for improvement of peeling methods in peony (Paeonia lactiflora) roots which have been used for medicinal resources in Korea. Drying time required was shortened in thin root. Optimum drying time after machine peeling appeared to be 20 hrs in 5 to 10mm of root diameter, 39 hrs in 10 to 15mm, 48 hrs in 15 to 20mm, 56 hrs in more than 20mm, but those of unpeeled roots took 11 hrs in 5mm of root diameter and 4 hrs in exposed parent material. Paeoniflorin content in dried roots after peeling was lower than that of unpeeled root. Paeoniflorin content in root below 5mm in diameter was highest (6.15 %) and that was decreased in the increased root diameter up to 20mm, but it was slightly increased in root greater than 20mm in diameter.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 1997

Peony is commonly used as roots that peeled and dried. But intact root contains higher medicinal constituents than peeled root (machine peeling). The yield of roots was also higher in intact roots. Use of intact root saved the labor time for peeling and 15% of root from yield loss by peeling. Paeoniflorin content was different with each zones of root. The content of Paeoniflorin was 5.11% in epidermis and 3.28% in cortex. When peeled peony roots were dried at hot air after briquet fire drying, root color was good for commercialization. But color of intact root was good at hot air drying without briquet fire drying. The required time for drying was longer in drying of intact roots than peeled roots drying.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1567-1573
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• 2010

In printing systems, the reliability of printed material depends on the ability of the toner film to remain adhered to the paper surface. In order to measure the strength between the toner film and the paper surface, a peel-off test is often performed. After conducting the test, the amount of toner film remaining on the paper is measured in order to determine the interfacial strength. The results of this test can be affected by many factors such as the peeling rate, weight of the roller used, and dwell time of tape. Sensitivity analysis was performed with respect to peeling rate, weight of roller and dwell time of tape at different levels. It was found that the interfacial strength increased with an increase in these main parameters. On the other hand, the trend with respect to the percentage of toner loss was different. Further, the interfacial strength and percentage of toner loss were significantly affected by the peeling rate.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed the correlation between mechanical and electrical properties of low-temperature conductive film (LT-CF) bonded silicon solar cells by a quadrant analysis (horizontal axis (peeling strength), vertical axis (power loss)). We found that a series of points with various bonding parameters such as bonding temperature, pressure and time were distributed in the different three regimes; weak regime (Q2: weak bonding strength and high power loss), moderate regime (Q4 : strong bonding strength and low power loss) and hard regime (Q3 : weak bonding strength and low power loss). Using this analogous technique, it was possible to fabricate the LT-CF bonded silicon solar cells with the various conditions displayed in Q3 of the quadrant plots, possessing the peeling strength of ~ 1N/mm and power loss of 2~3%.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.860-867
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• 2012

Codonopsis lanceolata serves as, an appetizing health food for its, characteristic flavor, taste, and texture:however, it requires a long and complicated cooking process. Therefore, this study conducted pre-processing procedures to improve the cooking process and Codonopsis lanceolata more easily. For processing efficiency, freezing and blanching were efficient for peeling and the rate of peel disuse. In addition the freezing process, effectively reduced the time spent in beating raw material. In the salinity test, freezing and blanching quickly increased salinity over 28 days. As the result of SEM cross-section tests showed that frozen Codonopsis lanceolata become porous, it's assumed that seasoning permeates into this cross-section efficiently. As the appearance of Deodeok-gui as significant differences according to the pre-processing methods, this study examined pre-processing methods(time spent in peeling, rate of peel disuse, time spent in beating out material, salinity, moisture content, texture, and the color) of Codonopsis lanceolata. After testing Deodeok-gui, it was found that freezing is effective, not only for process efficiency and cooking time reduction, but also for improving its qualities.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.35
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• pp.3-8
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• 2015

A study has been made on defects which are formed in manufacturing processes of engine bearing and also on fatigue crack growth behavior in each step of bearing metal manufacturing. After the first step(sinter brass powder on steel plate ; Series A) many voids are made on brass surface and its size is decreased by the second step(rolling process of sintered plate ; Series B). After the third step(re-sintering step of brass powder and rolling ; Series C) the number of voids is decreased and its type shows line. The time of fatigue crack initiation and the growth rate of fatigue crack are in order of Series A, Series B, Series C. These reasons are that void fosters the crack initiation and growth, and residual stress made by rolling process effects on the crack growth rate in Series B, C. In forming and machining processes by use of final bearing metal, crack was observed at internal corner of flange and peeling off was observed at junction between steel and brass. Owing to the above crack and peeling off, it is considered that there is a possibility of fatigue fracture during the application time.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.31 no.A
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

A study has been made on defects which are formed in manufacturing processes of engine bearing and also on fatigue crack growth behavior in each step of bearing metal manufacturing. After the first step (sinter brass powder on steel plate ; Series A) many voids are made on brass surface and its size is decreased at the second step (rolling process of sintered plate ; Series B). After the third step (re-sintering step of brass powder and rolling ; Series C) the number of voids is decreased and its type shows line. The time of fatigue crack initiation and the growth rate of fatigue crack are in order of Series A, Series B, Series C. These reasons are that void fosters the crack initiation and growth, and residual stress made by rolling process affects on the crack growth rate in Series B, C. In forming and machining processes by use of final bearing metal, crack was observed at internal corner of flange and peeling off was observed at interface between steel and brass. Owing to the above crack and peeling off, it is considered that there is a possibility of fatigue fracture during the application time.