• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study assessed the role of an amino acid-based formula (AAF) in the growth of infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Methods: Non-breastfed, term infants aged 0-6 months with symptoms suggestive of CMPA were recruited from 10 pediatric centers in China. After enrollment, infants were started on AAF for two weeks, followed by an open food challenge (OFC) with cow's milk-based formula (CMF). Infants with confirmed CMPA remained on AAF until 9 months of age, in conjunction with a cow's milk protein-free complementary diet. Body weight, length, and head circumference were measured at enrollment and 9 months of age. Measurements were converted to weight-for-age, length-for-age, and head circumference-for-age Z scores (WAZ, LAZ, HCAZ), based on the World Health Organization growth reference. Results: Of 254 infants (median age 16.1 weeks, 50.9% male), 218 (85.8%) were diagnosed with non-IgE-mediated CMPA, 33 (13.0%) tolerated CMF, and 3 (1.2%) did not complete the OFC. The mean WAZ decreased from 0.119 to -0.029 between birth and enrollment (p=0.067), with significant catch-up growth to 0.178 at 9 months of age (p=0.012) while being fed the AAF. There were no significant changes in LAZ (0.400 vs. 0.552; p=0.214) or HCAZ (-0.356 vs. -0.284; p=0.705) from the time of enrollment to age 9 months, suggesting normal linear and head growth velocity. Conclusion: The amino acid-based study formula, in conjunction with a cow's milk proteinfree complementary diet, supported normal growth till 9 months of age in a cohort of Chinese infants with challenge-confirmed non-IgE-mediated CMPA.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.242-246
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• 2016

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of calvarial sutures, resulting in deformed craniofacial appearance. Hence, for a long time, it has been considered an aesthetic disorder. Fused sutures restrict growth adjacent to the suture, but compensatory skull growth occurs to accommodate the growing brain. The primary goal for the management of this craniofacial deformity has been to release the constricted skull and reform the distorted shape of the skull vault. However, the intellectual and behavioral prognosis of affected children has also been taken into consideration since the beginning of the modern era of surgical management of craniosynostosis. A growing body of literature indicates that extensive surgery, such as the whole-vault cranioplasty approach, would result in better outcomes. In addition, the age at treatment is becoming a major concern for optimal outcome in terms of cosmetic results as well as neurodevelopment. This review will discuss major concerns regarding neurodevelopmental issues and related factors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

The significance of father's parenting has been considered as a critical factor in facilitating growth and development and in promoting wellbeing of children. Pediatric nursing is a pertinent science to develop parenting roles, because it deals with knowledge and skills on growth and development and health of child. For this paper current studies were reviewed related to consequences to the family, content and factors influencing paternal parenting, and father's reactions to child rearing participation. Perspectives of future studies in pediatric nursing are summarized as follows. First, paternal parenting has to be studied more actively to contribute to family health and to meet the academic responsibility of pediatric nursing. Second, it is necessary to study the consequences to child's health and health behavior of paternal parenting. Also it is necessary to be concerned about fathers' reactions, like stress in parenting behavior, to understand the parenting father himself. Third, an objective measure of caregiving behavior (not self-reporting) is needed to determine whether the father is behaving appropriately. Further, experimental research has to be implemented to develop intervention programs for paternal parenting. It is hoped that the examination of these studies leads to develop of knowledge and practice in paternal parenting.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1997

The prevalence of congenital teeth missing is about 2-10% of population and it is more common in permanent dentition than primary dentition. In the patients with congenital missing teeth symptoms such as conical tooth, prolonged retention of primary tooth, tooth attrition. and deficient alveolar bone growth can be accompanied. In this paper the results of clinical observation of the congenital teeth missing brothers and their familial history are presented.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2016

Various operative techniques are available for the treatment of craniosynostosis. The patient's age at presentation is one of the most important factors in the determination of the surgical modality. Minimally invasive suturectomy and postoperative helmet therapy may be performed for relatively young infants, whose age is younger than 6 months. It relies upon the potential for rapid brain growth in this age group. Its minimal invasiveness is also advantageous. In this article, we review the advantages and limitations of minimally invasive suturectomy followed by helmet therapy for the treatment of craniosynostosis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.615-623
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• 1996

Face mask is an extraoral appliance which used to protract maxilla, and can help in the correction of moderately severe class IlI malocclusions by the anterior displacement of the maxilla and maxillary dentition, and possibly restricting or changing the direction of the growth of the mandible. In three cases the results were followed. 1. Anterior crossbite was corrected 2. Maxilla & maxillary dentition were displaced forwardly. 3. Lingual tipping of the mandibular incisors, and backward & downward rotation of mandible were performed. 4. Acceptable improvement in the class III profile was performed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2024

Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of pediatric obesity, which is a significant public health concern. Children who are obese have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and adult obesity. Lifestyle modification therapy is typically the initial approach to treat pediatric obesity. For patients who do not achieve success with lifestyle modification therapy alone, pharmacotherapy is the next logical treatment option. When selecting an anti-obesity medication (AOM), it is essential to first ascertain the medical background of the patient, including current medications and obesity-associated comorbidities. Evaluation of obesity phenotypes in patients may also be beneficial. AOMs for pediatric obesity include metformin, orlistat, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, phentermine, and the phentermine/topiramate combination. Sufficient lifestyle modification therapy should be administered before considering pharmacotherapy and continued after the initiation of AOM. To ensure healthy development, monitoring growth and puberty development during anti-obesity treatments is essential.

• 대한간호
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

This research was an attempt to restructure the curriculum of pediatric clinical education on the base of the analysis of the pediatric clnical experience of nursing students acquired according to the traditional hospital-based pediatric clinical education and the evaluation of its results. As the focus of health care changes, pediatric clinical education the future necessitates changes in the traditional clinical experince at all levels. The traditional concentration of clinical experience within an acute care setting must be restructured to include the expanding future roles of the nurse and the changes in the health care structure. In order to meet the need for restructuring, it is inevitably necessary to adopt an organizational design for pediatric clinical experience that is not all traditional. The additional experiences and variety of settings will enhance the quality of pediatric clinical experience. And as a matter of course this organizational change will enhance the student learning experience by giving them the opportunity to observe normal growth and development, preventive health care measures, and the role of the nurse outside the acute care setting. As the nursing's focus changes to meet the challenges of the future the faculty must apply themselves to these changes to prepare students for the future. Students must be ready to fill the many roles that nurses will hold in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2010

Peak bone mass is established predominately during childhood and adolescence. It is an important determinant of future resistance to osteoporosis and fractures to gain bone mass during growth. The issue of low bone density in children and adolescents has recently attracted much attention and the use of pediatric dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is increasing. The process of interpretation of pediatric DXA results is different from that of adults because normal bone mineral density (BMD) of children varies by age, body size, pubertal stage, skeletal maturation, sex, and ethnicity. Thus, an appropriate normal BMD Z-score reference value with Z-score should be used to detect and manage low BMD. Z-scores below -2.0 are generally considered a low BMD to pediatrician even though diagnoses of osteoporosis in children and adolescents are usually only made in the presence of at least one fragility fracture. This article will review the basic knowledge and practical guidelines on pediatric DXA based on the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) Pediatric Official Positions. Also discussed are the characteristics of normal Korean children and adolescents with respect to BMD development. The objective of this review is to help pediatricians to understand when DXA will be useful and how to interpret pediatric DXA reports in the clinical practice for management of children with the potential to develop osteoporosis in adulthood.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2010

유아기 우식증은 유아와 어린이에 생긴 우유병 우식증 및 다발성 우식증을 포함한 좀 더 포괄적인 명칭으로, 이전 연구들에서 유아기 우식증이 어린이의 신체 성장에 영향을 미친다고 보고된 바 있다. 이번 연구의 목적은 유아기 우식증이 어린이의 신체 성장에 미치는 영향을 연령대 별 및 우식 이환 정도에 따라 평가하는 것으로, 신체 성장 평가 지표로 신장과 체중을 사용 하였다. 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 환자를 유아기 우식증에 이완된 실험군과 이완되지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 평가하였다. 환자의 연령을 12개월 단위로 나누고, 각 연령대 별로 유아기 우식증이 어린이 신장과 체중에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 대조군과 실험군의 연령별 성장 백분위 분포도를 비교하기 위해 2007년 대한민국 질병관리본부에서 공포한 표준성장도표를 사용하였다. 대조군과 실험군 간의 표준 신장 및 체중을 비교하기 위해 two-sample T test를 사용하였고, 두 그룹 간의 성장 백분위 분포도를 비교하기 위해 Likelihood Ratio Chi-square test를 사용하였다. 대조군과 ECC군 사이의 평균 신장 및 체중의 차이를 비교해본 결과 남자와 여자 어린이에서 공통적으로 나타나는 경향으로 통계학적 유의성이 항상 있진 않았으나 만 3-4세를 기준으로 연령이 어릴수록 ECC군의 평균 신장 및 체중이 대조군에 비해 증가하며, 그 이후에는 ECC군의 평균 신장 및 체중이 오히려 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 경향은 남자 어린이의 평균 체중을 제외한 다른 모든 경우에서 공통적으로 나타났다. 평균 신장과 체중의 유의할만한 차이를 가진 만 3-4세 이상의 군에서 성장 부전으로 정의되는 3 percentile 이하가 차지한 비율은 대조군에 비해 ECC군에서 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 유아기 우식증이 어린이의 신체 성장에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 연령에 따라 유아기 우식증에 의한 영향이 다른 형태로 나타남을 추측할 수 있었다.