• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2008

Most pedestrian-vehicle crashes involve frontal impacts, and the vehicle front structures are responsible for most pedestrian injuries. The vehicle bumper contacts the lower legs at first. The leading edge of the hood (bonnet) strikes the proximal upper leg and finally, the head and upper torso hit the top surface of the hood or windscreen. In essence, the pedestrian wraps around the front of the vehicle until pedestrian and vehicle are traveling at the same speed. Since the hood surface is made from sheet metal, it is a relatively compliant structure and does not pose a major risk for severe head trauma. However, serious head injury can occur when the head hits a region of the hood with stiff underlying structures such as engine components. The solution is to provide sufficient clearance between the hood and underlying structures for controlled deceleration of a pedestrian's head. However, considerations of aerodynamic design and styling can make it extremely difficult to alter a vehicle's front end geometry to provide more under-hood space. In this study, the safe hood will be developed by designing new conceptual inner panel in order to decrease the pedestrian's head injuries without changing hood outer geometry.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.512-520
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• 2007

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.126-132
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• 2012

Recently, pedestrian protection related research topics have been actively studied by automotive designers and engineers due to the enhanced pedestrian protecting regulations. It is required to design an energy absorbing structure, such as crumple zone that can sufficiently absorb the impact energy to reduce the leg injury when accident happens. The structure is designed by reducing the height of front end module, considering the mounting location, and investigating impact characteristics. In this paper, the concept of the crumple zone was introduced and the role of the crumple zone was investigated by analyzing the performance of upper legform impact to a bonnet leading edge test, and the design process was suggested.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

In 2014, there were approximately 4,762 fatalities on Korean roads. The fatality rate has decreased by 6.5 %, as compared to that of the previous year. The pedestrian-vehicle fatalities (1,795) have also decreased by 6 % over the previous year. However, the percentage of the pedestrian fatalities has increased from 37.9 % to 38.7 % during the same period. This is why further research is required, even though the KNCAP pedestrian safety assessment and KMVSS for pedestrian protection currently exist. This paper studied the Upper Legform to Bonnet Leading Edge Test at the front of the vehicles, which has not been introduced yet in Korea. The test method and procedure of the new BLE test in the Euro NCAP test protocol have been reviewed, and the physical tests on SUV and sedan with different bonnet leading edge heights have also been conducted and reviewed. In addition, the test results and characteristics have been analyzed via comparison with the former BLE test and each vehicle type.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2013

Purpose: Crushing injuries by car tires result from a combination of friction, shearing, and compression forces and the severity of injury is influenced by the acceleration. Because car-tire injuries of the lower leg in children are common these days but they have received little attention; thus, our purpose was to look closely into this problem. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children under 15 years old age who visited an emergency department because of a car-tire-related crushing injury to the lower leg in pedestrian traffic accident from January 2008 to September 2012. The patient's age, sex, site of injury, degree of injury, associated injuries, type of surgery, and complications were reviewed. Results: There were 39 children, the mean age was 8.0 years, and 71.8% were boys. The dorsal part of the leg was involved most frequently. According to the severity classification, 15 children were grade I, 6 were grade II, and 18 were grade III. Among 24 patients, 13 were treated with skin graft and 3 were treated using a sural flap. Twelve patients developed complications, such as hypertrophic scarring, contractures, and deformities with significant bone loss. Conclusion: Various degrees of skin or soft tissue defects were caused in children by car tires. In this study, patients were often also had tendon or bone damage. Proper and timely initial treatments are needed to reduce the incidence of infection, the number of operative procedures, and the hospital stay.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing protected-permissive left-turn (PPLT) signals at three-leg signalized intersections. METHODS: A three-leg signalized intersection with permissive left-turn was first selected. A VISSIM simulation model was constructed using data collected from the test site. The VISSIM network was calibrated by adjusting related parameter values in order to minimize the difference between the simulated and surveyed critical gap. The calibrated network was validated by the number of waiting left-turning vehicles per cycle. Finally, the mobility and safety measures were extracted from simulation runs in which permissive, protected left turns as well as PPLTs were realized based on diverse traffic volume scenarios. RESULTS : The mobility-related measures of effectiveness (MOEs) of the case with PPLT outperformed the other two left-turn treatment scenarios. In particular, the average waiting time per cycle for the left-turn vehicles in the case with PPLT was reduced by 30 s. The safety-related MOEs of the case with PPLT were somewhat higher than those in the case with protected left-turns and much higher than those in the case with permissive left-turns. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the mobility- and safety-related MOEs generated from the VISSIM simulation runs, the use of PPLT seems to be feasible at three-leg signalized intersections where the left-turn is permissive and a pedestrian signal exists at the conflicting approach. However, in order to use the PPLT in earnest, it is necessary to revise the road traffic act, traffic signs, and related manuals.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

In this study, a smart assistive device is designed to recognize pedestrian signal and to provide audio instructions for visually impaired people in crossing streets safely. Walking alone is one of the biggest challenges to the visually impaired and it deteriorates their life quality. The proposed device has a camera attached on a pair of glasses which can detect traffic lights, recognize pedestrian signals in real-time using a machine learning algorithm on GPU board and provide audio instructions to the user. For the portability, the dimension of the device is designed to be compact and light but with sufficient battery life. The embedded processor of device is wired to the small camera which is attached on a pair of glasses. Also, on inner part of the leg of the glasses, a bone-conduction speaker is installed which can give audio instructions without blocking external sounds for safety reason. The performance of the proposed device was validated with experiments and it showed 87.0% recall and 100% precision for detecting pedestrian green light, and 94.4% recall and 97.1% precision for detecting pedestrian red light.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

This study deals with the accident models of arterial link sections by vehicle type. The objectives are to analyze the characteristics of accidents, and to develop the models by type. In pursuing the above, this study uses the data of 414 accidents occurred on 24 major arterial links in 2007. The main results analyzed are as follows. First, the number of accidents is analyzed to account for about 47% in passenger car, 15% in SUV and 10% in trucks. Second, 3 Poisson regression models which are all statistically significant are developed using passenger car, SUV and truck as dependant variables. Finally, AADT and the number of traffic islands as common variables, and the number of pedestrian crossings, lanes, connecting roads, intersections(4-Leg), rate of medians and the number of bus stops as specific variables of the models are selected.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

The moving object monitoring and transforming personal robot system based on remote controls is designed and implemented, and the performance of the system is analyzed in this paper. The major considering factors in the system design are such as 1) the control scheme design (button based and the remote control schemes); 2) the operation modes design (wheel driving mode/pedestrian mode/auto driving mode/observation mode); 3) the remote control function design; 4) the design of the monitoring function of the changes in neighbor environments; 5) the design of the detection of obstruction. From the experiments, it is assured that the developed personal robot can walk to the grounds that covered with doorsill or electric wires in indoors by control the leg articulations, and can escape from the obstruction using three infrared sensors in the 30cm*30cm obstruction styled space under the auto driving mode.