• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

In this study, a five-story steel frame was designed in accordance with KBC2005 to evaluate the effects of the beam-column connection on the structural behavior. The connections were designed as fully rigid and semi-rigid. The fiber model was used to describe the moment-curvature relationship of the steel beam and the column, the power model for the moment-rotation angle of the semi-rigid connection and the three-parameter model for the hysteretic behavior of the steel beam, column, and connection. The structure was idealized as separate 2-D frames and as connected 2-D frames. The peak ground accelerations of four earthquake records were modified in a time-history analysis for the levels of the mean return period and for the maximum base-shear force in a pushover analysis. The top story displacement, base-shear force, story drift, demanded ductility ratio for the semi-rigid connection, maximum bending moment of the column, beam, and connection, and distribution of the plastic hinge were examined in the time-history analysis. The frame with the semi-rigid connection yielded a lower base-shear force, less magnitude, and increasing ratio in the bending moment of the column, beam, and connection than the frame with a fully rigid connection. The TSD connection was deemed to have secured the economy and safety of the sample structure that was subjected to seismic excitation for the Korean design level.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2013

The selective targeting of an integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor using radioligands may enable the assessment of angiogenesis and integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor status in tumors. The aim of this research was to label a peptidomimetic integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ antagonist (PIA) with $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$ and to test its receptor targeting properties in nude mice bearing receptor-positive tumors. PIA was reacted with tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) (20 mM) as a PIA per TSAT. The product, PIA-aminodiacetic acid (ADA), was radiolabeled with $[^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3]^{+1}$, and purified sequentially on a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge followed by a Sep-Pak QMA anion exchange cartridge. Using gradient C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, the radiochemical purity of $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA (retention time, 10.5 min) was confirmed to be > 95%. Biodistribution analysis was performed in nude mice (n = 5 per time point) bearing receptor-positive M21 human melanoma xenografts. The mice were administered $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA intravenously. The animals were euthanized at 0.33, 1, and 2 hr after injection for the biodistribution study. A separate group of mice were also co-injected with 200 ${\mu}g$ of PIA and euthanized at 1 hr to quantify tumor uptake. $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA was stable in phosphate buffer for 21 hr, but at 3 and 6 hr, 7.9 and 11.5% of the radioactivity was lost as histidine, respectively. In tumor bearing mice, $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA accumulated rapidly in a receptor-positive tumor with a peak uptake at 20 min, and rapid clearance from blood occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary system. At 20 min, the tumor-to-blood ratio was 1.8. At 1 hr, the tumor uptake was 0.47% injected dose (ID)/g, but decreased to 0.12% ID/g when co-injected with an excess amount of PIA, indicating that accumulation was receptor mediated. These results demonstrate successful $^{99m}TC$ labeling of a peptidomimetic integrin antagonist that accumulated in a tumor via receptor-specific binding. However, tumor uptake was very low because of low blood concentrations that likely resulted from rapid uptake of the agent into the hepatobiliary system. This study suggests that for $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA to be useful as a tumor detection agent, it will be necessary to improve receptor binding affinity and increase the hydrophilicity of the product to minimize rapid hepatobiliary uptake.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.421-429
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• 2020

This study examined the manufacturing process of a furnace wall excavated from the Songdu-ri Site in Jincheon, and the difference in material composition between the 11 layers of the wall using physicochemical analyses. Based on microstructure observations, these layers could be largely divided into three groups: an undercalcined first layer, calcined second to ninth layer with evidences of partial heat, and non-fired soil layers from the tenth to the eleventh layer. Particle size analyses revealed that the fired layer constituted a relatively higher content of coarse sand than the non-fired layer. This difference was further confirmed by the results of the curvature coefficient analysis. An analysis of the constituent minerals showed similar overall XRD diffraction patterns between the different layers, but variations in the intensity of the low-temperature and high-temperature minerals. This indicates that the degree of heat was different. The thermal analysis results demonstrated that the heating peak of mullite was only reached in the first and second layers of the wall, thus implying these as the layers to be finally used. Consequently, no significant difference could be observed between the materials of the various layers of the wall. Thus, it can be suggested that the furnace wall was constructed using clay, which had a composition similar to that of the soil present in the area. However, the shape and characteristics of the constituent particles between the layers displayed partial variations, and it is possible that some external materials might have been added.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2012

This study is analysis of the existing domestic terrorism factors and suggest countermeasures for political leadership that can occur to the precautionary terror occasion of the presidential election approached 100 days in the future. Political terror caused mainly achieved peak of Ideology or social conflict by Politically alienated class. Common cause is most likely to occur when the party or the government want to attack a target or can not stand disadvantaged and lose that I suppert the party or the government. 21st century political terror is occurred with Misfits of complaints expressed or social conflict more frequency than attack used random people, new weqpon and bomb. It is interpreted that issued as a drastic measure from individual complaint because of increased polarization of wealth by separate into group and fallen law and order but also we are not familiar with the political compromises. Personal safety escort mission is essential condition of political activity that Absolute personal protection and to come up with a large number of voters for best result. Thus security guard ought to professional security activity depend on gathered situation, location and regional feature for perfect protection service.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

A climbing lane is installed to separate low-speed traffic from high-speed traffic if drastic traffic capacity reduction is expected due to a large number of vehicles that slow down in the upward section. Existing studies on climbing lanes have focused on the designation, location of starting and ending points, and installation method of climbing lane with regard to road design standards. However, in terms of traffic operation, it was known that the climbing lanes cause traffic congestion due to the increase of traffic volumes. In this regard, this study aims to establish traffic operational guidance as to how much effects temporary closure of climbing lanes can have on traffic improvement according to the volume-capacity ratio, grade, and composition of trucks. A test section of simulated climbing lane was selected in Nakdong JC bound for Masan(136.9K~133.3K, 3.6km, 3.7%) on Jungbunaeryuk expressway to conduct VISSIM analyses, microscopic traffic simulation based on such control variables as traffic volume(v/c), grade and the trucks ratio. As a result of the analyses, it has been found that v/c and the ratio of trucks are the key variables for efficient traffic management of climbing lanes in order to relieve traffic congestion via climbing lane. If ratio of trucks are more than 50% and when v/c would be 0.8, both climbing lane would be closed and non-operated regardless of grade and ratio of trucks when v/c is 1.0. With the increased traffic due to a five-day work week system, continued peak hours during the weekday, increased and various patterns of congestion on expressway, this study would be expected to contribute to facilitating researches on flexible operational standards for road facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.155.2-155.2
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• 2013

Strain-relaxed SiGe layer on Si substrate has numerous potential applications for electronic and opto- electronic devices. SiGe layer must have a high degree of strain relaxation and a low dislocation density. Conventionally, strain-relaxed SiGe on Si has been manufactured using compositionally graded buffers, in which very thick SiGe buffers of several micrometers are grown on a Si substrate with Ge composition increasing from the Si substrate to the surface. In this study, a new plasma process, i.e., the combination of PIII&D and HiPIMS, was adopted to implant Ge ions into Si wafer for direct formation of SiGe layer on Si substrate. Due to the high peak power density applied the Ge sputtering target during HiPIMS operation, a large fraction of sputtered Ge atoms is ionized. If the negative high voltage pulse applied to the sample stage in PIII&D system is synchronized with the pulsed Ge plasma, the ion implantation of Ge ions can be successfully accomplished. The PIII&D system for Ge ion implantation on Si (100) substrate was equipped with 3'-magnetron sputtering guns with Ge and Si target, which were operated with a HiPIMS pulsed-DC power supply. The sample stage with Si substrate was pulse-biased using a separate hard-tube pulser. During the implantation operation, HiPIMS pulse and substrate's negative bias pulse were synchronized at the same frequency of 50 Hz. The pulse voltage applied to the Ge sputtering target was -1200 V and the pulse width was 80 usec. While operating the Ge sputtering gun in HiPIMS mode, a pulse bias of -50 kV was applied to the Si substrate. The pulse width was 50 usec with a 30 usec delay time with respect to the HiPIMS pulse. Ge ion implantation process was performed for 30 min. to achieve approximately 20 % of Ge concentration in Si substrate. Right after Ge ion implantation, ~50 nm thick Si capping layer was deposited to prevent oxidation during subsequent RTA process at $1000^{\circ}C$ in N2 environment. The Ge-implanted Si samples were analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy, High-resolution X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy to investigate the depth distribution, the degree of strain relaxation, and the crystalline structure, respectively. The analysis results showed that a strain-relaxed SiGe layer of ~100 nm thickness could be effectively formed on Si substrate by direct Ge ion implantation using the newly-developed PIII&D process for non-gaseous elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

By studying 'Sauidangzi' written by Honggyungmo(1774~1851), this paper shows on the location, the space organization, and the landscape culture of 'Sauidang' which was upper class's house in late period of the Joseon. Sauidang was the residence of about 530 kan(about $1,750m^2$) which was given to Jeongmyunggongju(daughter of Sunzo) by Injo when she married with Hongjuwon, located at the good place where Mt. Mokmyuk, Mt. Dobong, Mt. Inwang, and Janwon peak are harmonized all together. The residence was on the foothill of Mt. Mokmyuk, facing to the northeast. The main house was facing to the east with the inner and back yards, and the separate house(Sauidang) was facing to the west with the garden, and a vegetable field was set in the outer yard where is connected with a main road where willow trees were lined up, 'Sauidang' was called as "the garden of princess", and a stair-shaped flower garden was made to the south, and one could look down the Hanyang castle as a whole. In the garden, there were trees and house plants enriching one's mind to wish an eternal life with oddly shaped stones or flowers, and symbolizing a fairly land. There were 38 types of trees that were planted either on the ground or in pots as various bundles like 1 tree, 2 trees, 3 trees, 4 trees, 5 trees, 8 trees, and 9 trees. Taehosuk, oddly shaped stones, stone panels, stone pillars, jade panels, sundial, walls and fences, stone stairs, steppingstones, and buildings were set for the landscape. Also, the residence had rare luxuries of landscaping culture like Wangheeji's Nanjungsoogyeseo, Sosik's Cheeongjeongi, Jomangboo's Jeokbyukboo, and Anpyungdaegoon's Behaedangcheop.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2023

In this study, a quantitative analysis method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the content of ceramide NP in lotion, cream, and cleanser formulations in cosmetics. The analysis was performed using a C18 column, and the mobile phase was set at a ratio of 70 : 30 for acetonitrile and methanol, the flow rate was set to 0.8 mL/min, and the column temperature was set to 20 ℃. The method was verified by analyzing specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and precision in accordance with the ICH guidelines. As a result of validating the method, the linearity of the calibration curve was excellent (R² = 0.99984). The accuracy of the lotion, cream, and cleanser formulations was confirmed with a recovery rate ranging from 95.11% to 100.48%. The precision analysis showed a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 0.26%. The limit of detection was 0.902 ㎍/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 2.733 ㎍/mL. Through this quantitative analysis method of ceramide NP applied in cosmetics, it is expected to assist in the quality control of products by enabling measurement even when it is difficult to separate the main peak due to the influence of interfering substances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.41-66
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to empirically trace the junctures of Yigye-gugok managed by Gwan-am Hong Gyeong-mo, a grandson of Yigye Hong Yang-ho who originally designed Yigye-gugok, while reviewing the features of the forms and patterns of gugok. The results of the research are as follows. 1. Ui-dong was part of the domain of the capital during the Chosun dynasty, which also is located in the city of Seoul as a matter of administrative zone. Likewisely, Yigye-gugok is taken as a special meaning for it was one and only gugok. Starting with Mangyeong Waterfall as the $1^{st}$ gok, Yigye follows through the $2^{nd}$ gok of Jeokchwibyeong Rock, the $3^{rd}$ gok of Chanunbong Peak, the $4^{th}$ gok of Jinuigang Rock, the $5^{th}$ gok of Okkyeongdae Rock, the $6^{th}$ gok of Wolyeongdam Pond, the $7^{th}$ gok of Tagyeongam Rock, the $8^{th}$ gok of Myeongoktan Stream, and the $9^{th}$ gok of Jaeganjeong Pavilion. Of these, Mangyeong Waterfall, Chanunbong Peak, and Okkyeongdae Rock are distinct for their locations in as much as their features, while estimated locations for Jinuigang Rock, Wolyeongdam Pond, Myeongoktan Stream, and Jaeganjeong Pavilion were discovered. However, Jeokchwibyeong Rock and Tagyeongam Rock demonstrated multiple locations in close resemblance to documentary literatures within secretive proximity, whereas geography, scenery, and sighted objects were considered to evaluate the 1st estimated location. Through these endeavored, it was possible to identify the shipping routes and structures for the total distance of 2.1km running from the $1^{st}$ gok to the $9^{th}$ gok, which nears Gwanam's description of 5ri(里), or approximately 1.96km for gugok. 2. Set towards the end of the $18^{th}$ century, Yigye-gugok originated from a series of work shaping the space of Hong Yang-ho's tomb into a space for the family. Comparing Yigye-gugok to other gugoks, numerous differences are apparent from beyond the rather more general format such as adjoining the $8^{th}$ gok while paving through the lower directions from the upper directions of the water. This gives rises to the interpretation such that Yigye-gugok was positioned to separate the doman of the family from those of the other families in power, thereby taking over Ui-dong. Yet, the aspect of the possession of the space lends itself to the determination that the location positioned at the $8^{th}$ gok above Mangyeongpok Waterfall representing Wooyi-dong was a consequence of the centrifugal space creation efforts. 3. While writings and poetic works were manufactured in such large quantities in Yigye-gugok whose products of setters and managers seemed intended towards gugok-do and letters carved on the rocks among others, there is yet a tremendous lack of visual media in the same respect. 'Yigye-gugok Daejacheop' Specimens of Handwriting offers the traces of Gwanam's attempts to engrave gakja at the food of Yigye-gugok. This research was able to ascertain that 'Yigye-gugok Daejacheop' Specimens of Handwriting was a product of Hong Yang-ho's collections maintained under the auspices of the National Central Museum, which are renowned for Song Shi-yeol's penmanship.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-83
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• 2019

Investors prefer to look for trading points based on the graph shown in the chart rather than complex analysis, such as corporate intrinsic value analysis and technical auxiliary index analysis. However, the pattern analysis technique is difficult and computerized less than the needs of users. In recent years, there have been many cases of studying stock price patterns using various machine learning techniques including neural networks in the field of artificial intelligence(AI). In particular, the development of IT technology has made it easier to analyze a huge number of chart data to find patterns that can predict stock prices. Although short-term forecasting power of prices has increased in terms of performance so far, long-term forecasting power is limited and is used in short-term trading rather than long-term investment. Other studies have focused on mechanically and accurately identifying patterns that were not recognized by past technology, but it can be vulnerable in practical areas because it is a separate matter whether the patterns found are suitable for trading. When they find a meaningful pattern, they find a point that matches the pattern. They then measure their performance after n days, assuming that they have bought at that point in time. Since this approach is to calculate virtual revenues, there can be many disparities with reality. The existing research method tries to find a pattern with stock price prediction power, but this study proposes to define the patterns first and to trade when the pattern with high success probability appears. The M & W wave pattern published by Merrill(1980) is simple because we can distinguish it by five turning points. Despite the report that some patterns have price predictability, there were no performance reports used in the actual market. The simplicity of a pattern consisting of five turning points has the advantage of reducing the cost of increasing pattern recognition accuracy. In this study, 16 patterns of up conversion and 16 patterns of down conversion are reclassified into ten groups so that they can be easily implemented by the system. Only one pattern with high success rate per group is selected for trading. Patterns that had a high probability of success in the past are likely to succeed in the future. So we trade when such a pattern occurs. It is a real situation because it is measured assuming that both the buy and sell have been executed. We tested three ways to calculate the turning point. The first method, the minimum change rate zig-zag method, removes price movements below a certain percentage and calculates the vertex. In the second method, high-low line zig-zag, the high price that meets the n-day high price line is calculated at the peak price, and the low price that meets the n-day low price line is calculated at the valley price. In the third method, the swing wave method, the high price in the center higher than n high prices on the left and right is calculated as the peak price. If the central low price is lower than the n low price on the left and right, it is calculated as valley price. The swing wave method was superior to the other methods in the test results. It is interpreted that the transaction after checking the completion of the pattern is more effective than the transaction in the unfinished state of the pattern. Genetic algorithms(GA) were the most suitable solution, although it was virtually impossible to find patterns with high success rates because the number of cases was too large in this simulation. We also performed the simulation using the Walk-forward Analysis(WFA) method, which tests the test section and the application section separately. So we were able to respond appropriately to market changes. In this study, we optimize the stock portfolio because there is a risk of over-optimized if we implement the variable optimality for each individual stock. Therefore, we selected the number of constituent stocks as 20 to increase the effect of diversified investment while avoiding optimization. We tested the KOSPI market by dividing it into six categories. In the results, the portfolio of small cap stock was the most successful and the high vol stock portfolio was the second best. This shows that patterns need to have some price volatility in order for patterns to be shaped, but volatility is not the best.