• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.539-546
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• 1983

Maximal expiratory flow-volume [MEFV] curves were studied in 22 patients who underwent pneumonectomy with various pulmonary lesions, such as lung cancer, bronchiectasis and tuberculosis etc, at the preoperative stage and 3 week, 4 month and 12 month after pneumonectomy for the analysis of the reduction and progressive improvement of postoperative ventilatory function. And the factors affecting them like as age difference and the site of pneumonectomy were also analyzed. From these curves peak flow rate [PF R], maximal expiratory flows at 25% and 50% of expired forced vital capacity [V25, V50] and forced vital capacity [FVC] were obtained. In addition, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood were measured. The results were as follows; 1. The mixed type, especially obstructive type of ventilatory impairment was observed at 3 week after operation. For 1 year of postpneumonectomy FVC was increased by 12.3% of predicted compared to 2.6% of predicted V50. 2. The improvement of FVC during 1 year of postpneumonectomy showed decreasing tendency with the increase of age but the changes of V25 and V50 were unremarkable. 3. The differences of immediate postoperative reduction and progressive improvement of ventilatory capacity after right and left pneumonectomy were analyzed. The reduction of V50, V25 and FVC at 3 week of postoperation were greater in patients with right pneumonectomy [20.9%, 18.2% and 26.2% of predicted] than in patients with left pneumonectomy 16.5%, 18.2% and 18.1%]. But there was no significant difference of these values at 12 month after pneumonectomy. 4. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood [$PaO_2$] was decreased by 13.6 mmHg at 3 week after pneumonectomy compared to the preoperative stage but returned to the normal range within 4 month after pneumonectomy. However, TEX>$PaCO_2$ was within the normal range during 1 year of postoperation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1988

The authors evaluated 200 cases of primary carcinoma of lung in terms of the cell type, operability, resectability and survival rate, that proved by histopathologic examination at the Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Catholic Medical College during the period of 11 years from Jan., 1977 to Dec., 1987. The results are as follows; 1] The peak incidence was observed in the 7th decade of life [34%] and followed by 6th [30%] 8 5th decade [25%]. Male to female ratio was 3.4:1. 2] Histopathologic classifications were squamous cell carcinoma 48% [96 cases], adenocarcinoma 27% [34 cases], small cell carcinoma 13%[26 cases], ;bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma 5% [10 cases], large cell carcinoma 4.5% [9 cases], adenosquamous cell carcinoma 1.5% [3 cases] and adenoalveolar cell carcinoma 0.5% [1 case]. 3] Among 200 cases of primary lung cancer, the operability was 47.5% [95 cases], refusal of operation 6.0% [12 cases] and inoperability 46.5% [93 cases]. 4] Ninety five cases [47.5%] were operated. Of these, post-surgical stage I was 18.9% [18 cases], stage II 24.2% [23 cases] and stage III 56.8% [54 cases]. Among 54 cases of stage III, 32 cases were unresectable, while 22 cases were resectable. Consequently, the resectability was 31.5% [63 cases] from the total numbers of 200 cases, and the resectability for the operable 95 cases was 66.3% [63 cases]. 5] Surgical complications were empyema with bronchopleural fistula [4 cases], G-I bleeding [1 case], tedious pleural effusion [1 case] and acute respiratory insufficiency [1 case]. Operative mortality was 3.2% [2 cases], which caused by massive G-I bleeding [1 case] and respiratory insufficiency [1 case]. 6] On the long term follow-up of resectable 63 cases, overall 3 year survival rate was 35%, 5 year 22% and 9 year 2%. Five year survival rate was 39% in stage l, 30% in stage II and 0% in stage III. As for the cell types, the higher 5 year survival rate was observed in resectable squamous cell carcinoma [35%] as compared to adenocarcinoma [15%], alveolar cell carcinoma [14%], small cell carcinoma [0%] and large cell carcinoma [0%].

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Recent advancements of permanent magnet (PM) materials and solid-state devices have contributed to a substantial performance improvement of permanent magnet machines. Owing to the rare-earth PMs, these motors have higher efficiency, power factor, output power per mass and volume, and better dynamic performance than induction motors without sacrificing reliability. Not surprisingly, they are continuously receiving serious considerations for a variety of automotive and propulsion applications. An electric vehicle (EV) requires a high-effficient propulsion system having a wide operating range and a capability of generating a high peak torque for short durations. The improvement of torque-speed performance for these systems is consequently very important, and researches in various aspects are therefore being actively pursued. A great emphasis has been placed on the efficiency and optimal utilization of PM machines. This requires attention to many aspects related to the machine design and overall performance. In this respect, the prediction of iron losses is particularly indispensable and challenging, especially for drives with a deep field-weakening range. The objective of this paper is to present iron loss estimations of a PM motor over a wide speed range. As aforementioned, in EV applications core losses can be significant during high-speed operation and it is imperative to evaluate these losses accurately and take them into consideration during the motor design stage. In this investigation, the losses are predicted by using an analytical model and a 2D time-stepped finite element method (FEM). The results from different analytical approaches are compared with the FEM computations. The validity of each model is then evaluated by these comparisons.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

Nano-Particles are influenced on the environmental protection and human health. The relationships between transient vehicle operation and nano-particle emissions are not well-known, especially for diesel passenger vehicles with DPF. In this study, a diesel passenger vehicle was measured on condition of DPF regeneration and no regeneration on a chassis dynamometer test bench. The particulate matter (PM) emission from this vehicle was measured by its number, size and mass measurement. The mass of the total PM was evaluated with the standard gravimetric measurement method while the total number and size concentrations were measured on a NEDC driving cycle using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) and EEPS. Total number concentration by CPC was $1.5{\times}10^{1l}N/km$, which was 20% of result by EEPS. This means about 80% of total particle emission is consist of volatile and small-sized particles(<22nm). During regeneration, particle emission was $6.2{\times}10^{12}N/km$, was emitted 400 times compared with the emission before regeneration. As for the particle size of $22{\sim}100nm$ was emitted mainly, showing peak value of near 40nm in size. This means regeneration decreased the mean size of particles. Regarding regeneration, PM showed no change while the particle number showed about 6 times difference between before and after regeneration. It seems that the regeneration influences on particle number emissions are related to DPF-fill state and filtration efficiency.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

$TiO_2$ films were deposited on a glass substrate with RF magnetron sputtering and then surface of $TiO_2$ films were electron beam irradiated in a vacuum condition to investigate the effect of electron bombardment on the thin film crystallization, surface roughness and gas sensitivity for hydrogen. $TiO_2$ films that electron beam irradiated at 450eV were amorphous phase, while the films irradiated at 900 eV show the anatase (101) diffraction peak in XRD pattern. AFM measurements show that the roughness is depend on the electron irradiation energy. As increase the hydrogen gas concentration and operation temperature, the gas sensitivity of $TiO_2$ and $TiO_2$/ZnO films is increased proportionally and $TiO_2$ films that electron beam irradiated at 900 eV show the higher sensitivity than the films were irradiated at 450eV. From the XRD pattern and AFM observation, it is supposed that the crystallization and rough surface promote the hydrogen gas sensitivity of $TiO_2$ films.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.915-922
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• 2017

최근 지속적인 전력 수요 증가와 이에 따른 사회적 비용 및 갈등 해결을 위한 방안으로 수요자원 거래시장(Demand Response Market)의 활성화가 크게 대두되고 있다. 국내의 경우 2014년부터 수요자원 거래시장을 운영 중이나 대규모 수요자원 거래에 집중하고 있다. 하지만, 전력 소비 비중의 증가, 큰 감축 유동성, 항상 활용 가능, 사회 인식 개선 등의 면에서 소규모 전력 소비자의 시장 참여는 성공적인 수요자원 거래시장 운영의 핵심적 요소로 볼 수 있다. 이 논문은 2016년 여름 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 활용하여 5,000명 이상의 소규모 전력 소비자를 대상으로 한 인센티브 기반(incentive-based) 수요반응(Demand Response) 프로그램의 실제 시범운영 결과를 분석하고 그 효과를 검증하며, 이를 통하여 소규모 전력 소비자 대상 수요자원 거래시장의 가능성을 제시한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 GPS(1.57~1.577 GHz)와 WiBro(2.3~2.4 GHz), WLAN(2.4~2.48 GHz)에서 동작하는 이중 대역 스파이럴 미앤더 모노폴 인쇄형 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 하모닉 공진 주파수의 전류의 크기와 기본 공진 주파수의 전류의 크기가 다른 모노폴 끝단에 포지티브 커플링이 생기는 스파이럴 구조를 위치하여 기본 공진 주파수와 하모닉 공진 주파수의 주파수 비를 조절하였다. 또한, 선로의 간격을 조절해 커플링 영향 분석으로 주파수 비를 조절하였다. 측정 대역폭은 기본 공진 주파수에서 130 MHz(1.49~1.62 GHz), 3배수 하모닉 공진 주파수에서 330 MHz(2.29~2.62 GHz)로 나타났다. 최대 방사 이득은 GPS(1.575 GHz) 대역에서 2.86 dBi, WiBro(2.35 GHz) 대역에서 3.49 dBi, 그리고 WLAN(2.45 GHz) 대역에서 3.71 dBi로 측정되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

이 논문은 코어와 I/O 회로가 포함된 PEEC(Partial Equivalent Electrical Circuit) PDN(Power Distribution Networks)의 임피던스 변화에 따른 칩의 성능 분석을 나타내었다. I/O 전원에 연결된 코어 전원 잡음이 I/O 스위칭에 어떠한 영향이 미치는지 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 보였다. 또한 직접 설계한 $7{\times}5$인치 DLL(Delay Locked Loop)시험 보드를 사용하여 칩의 동작 지점에 따른 전원 잡음의 효과를 분석하였다. $50{\sim}400MHz$에 주파수 대역에 따른 DLL의 지터를 측정하고 시뮬레이션 결과로 얻어진 임피던스 값과 비교하였다. PDN의 공진 피크가 100MHz 주파수에서 1옴보다 큰 임피던스를 갖기 때문에 DLL의 지터는 주파수가 100MHz 근처에서 증가함을 보여준다. 타겟 임피던스를 줄이기 위한 방법인 디커플링 커패시터에 따른 칩과 보드의 임피던스 변화를 보였다. 따라서 전원 공급망 설계는 디커플링 커패시터와 함께 코어 스위칭 전류와 I/O 스위칭 전류를 같이 고려해야 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.413-434
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• 2015

The vibrations caused by metro operation propagate through surrounding soil, further induce secondary vibrations of the nearby underground structures and adjacent buildings. In order to investigate the effects of vibrations caused by metro on use performance of buildings, vibration experiment of Chengdu museum was carried out firstly. Then, the coupling tunnel-soil-structure finite element model was established with software ANSYS detailedly, providing a useful tool for investigating the vibration performances of structures. Furthermore, the dynamic responses and vibration predictions of museum building were obtained respectively by the whole process time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis, which were compared with the vibration reference values of museum. Quantitative analyses of the museum building performance were carried out, and the possible tendency and changing laws of vibration level with floors were proposed. Finally, the related vibration isolation measures were compared and discussed. The tests and analysis results show that: The vertical vibration responses almost increased with the increasing of building floors, while weak floors existed for the curve of horizontal vibration; The vertical vibrations were larger than the horizontal vibrations, indicating the vibration performances of building caused by metro were characterized with vertical vibrations; The frequencies of the museum corresponding to the peak vibration levels were around 6~17Hz; The damping effect of structure with 33m-span cantilever on vertical vibration was obvious, however, the damping effect of structure with foundation vibration isolators was not obvious.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 개념적으로 기생 발진을 비롯한 증폭기의 오동작 가능성을 최소화하고 좁은 선폭의 연속파 레이저를 펄스 증폭하기 위한 목적으로 새로운 구조를 갖는 사중경로 색소 레이저 증폭기를 제안하고 실험적으로 구현하였다. 펌핑 레이저의 펄스 에너지가 5.6 mJ이고 연속파 레이저의 입력 강도 100 mW일 때, 사중경로 증폭기는 약 130 MHz(FWHM)의 선폭과 1.5 mJ의 에너지를 갖는 레이저 펄스를 출력하였으며, 이는 약 2$\times$106 이상의 높은 증폭 이득과 27%의 에너지 효율에 해당하는 것이다. 사중경로 증폭기 내에 회절격자를 사용하면, 파장 선택 소자가 없는 보통의 증폭기와 비교할 때 총 출력 에너지가 4% 정도 증가됨과 동시에 ASE가 차지하는 비율이 10배 이상 감소하여, 총 출력 빔에 대해 ASE 에너지가 1.5% 이하로 억제된다.