• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.148-157
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• 2016

In this study, the notion of payment intention price was introduced and examined in relation with self-image congruence, clothing preference and two types of reference price: expected price and fair price. One hundred samples of female collegiate students participated in the group survey and responded to the instrument including variables of clothing image evaluation, clothing preference, reference price, payment intention price toward a one-piece dress as the stimulus, and ideal self-image perception. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions were applied on data analysis. The results were as follow. Payment intention price was determined by clothing preference and fair price, and the explaining power of fair price was greater than clothing preference. One confirmatory path was observed that self-image congruence effects clothing preference, and then clothing preference effects payment intention price. The other confirmatory path was from expected price to fair price and fair price to payment intention price.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

The present study explores two relationships: first, between number of payment and payment option preference, and second, total sum and payment option preference, with pain of payment as a mediator variable. The analyses revealed that consumers who feel higher pain of payment preferred the pennies-a-day pricing to the aggregate pricing when the per-payment price is low. Consumers who experience higher pain of payment prefer to pay in small frequent installments because they feel the small per-payment price can be comparable to daily expense. Consumers who experienced higher pain of payment preferred aggregate pricing to pennies-a-day pricing when the per-payment price was high. When the per-payment price is high, it is no longer comparable to daily expense, thus leading to greater pain of payment among consumers. The study discusses the implications for mechanism of pain of payment on payment option preference.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Producer prices of raw milk include following elements: a basic price, payment according to fat content, payment according to bacteriological quality and somatic cell count. The quality of raw milk has increased since last change of payment system according somatic cell count. But last change of payment system according to fat content is not effective. It is necessary to widen the range of equal price by fat content. Also it is necessary to include payment according to protein content.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.164-177
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• 2020

This study aims to compare the experience of selected countries in operating separate payment system for new healthcare technology and to find implications for price setting in Korea. We analyzed the related reports, papers, laws, regulations, and related agencies' online materials from five selected countries including the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, and France. Each country has its own additional payment system for new technologies: transitional pass-through payment and new technology ambulatory payment classification for outpatient care and new technology add-on payment for inpatient care (USA), an extra payment for materials with new functions or new treatment (C1, C2; Japan), an additional payment system for new special treatment materials (Taiwan), a short-term extra funding for new diagnosis and treatment (NUB; Germany), and list of additional payments for new medical devices (France). The technology should be proven safe and effective in order to get approval for an additional payment. The price is determined by considering the actual cost of providing the technology and the cost of existing similar technologies listed in the benefits package. The revision cycle of the additional payment is 1 to 4 years. The cost or usage is monitored during that period and then integrated into the existing fee schedule or removed from the list. We conclude that it is important to set the explicit criteria to select services eligible for additional payment, to collect and analyze data to assess eligibility and to set the payment, to monitor the usage or cost, and to make follow-up measures in price setting for new health technologies in Korea.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of anticipated regret and perceived uncertainty on price sensitivity or purchase hesitation in overseas purchasing are analyzed along with the effects of price sensitivity on purchase hesitation. The survey was conducted among internet fashion consumers with experience in overseas purchasing and 480 responses were used in the data analysis. The results showed the psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced the price importance, and the service, product and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced the price search. The preference and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the price importance, and the information and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the price search. The price importance positively influenced payment stage hesitation and shopping cart abandonment, and the price search positively influenced purchase hesitation in overseas purchasing. The functional, service and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced payment stage hesitation, and the service and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced shopping cart abandonment and overall purchase hesitation. In addition, the perceived uncertainty positively influenced the payment stage hesitation, and the information and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the shopping cart abandonment and overall purchase hesitation. The results of this study will be helpful for developing the marketing strategy for customer relationship management for overseas internet shopping web-sites.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2004

Research there is a place objective which searches the importance of physical environment. Namely, there is a place objective which defines the effect relationship of physical environment and payment price. The analysis result physical environment appeared in 6 items. (interia, hygiene, illumination, the color body and atmosphere, space, movement and the command installation). The item which causes a big effect in price appeared with the interia and atmosphere. The upgrade of the interia and atmosphere of the restaurant increases the price it will be able to pay letting with the customer is judged with the fact that role. Currently the restaurant service or importance of specialty knowledge of the work unit field is embossed. But, the customer pays an expense and the item which is important it will be able to create a value is showing is physical environment.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze price variance by year, region and company of raw herbal medicines to draw payment system for herbal medicine insurances in the National Health Insurance. Methods : To analyse price variance, we used 2015-2017 data of 'Quality test results of imported herbal medicines' provided by Korea Pharmaceutical Traders Association and 'Price data of 56 raw herbal medicines' that was surveyed by the Association of Korean Medicine. We analysed gap of highest price and lowest price those were compared with average price and coefficient of variation(CV) of prices by year, region and company of raw herbal medicines. Results : In analysing 3 years data, the highest price was 23.2% higher, and the lowest price was 19.1% lower than the average price. As of 2018, the average price of domestic produced herbal medicines was 1,8 times higher than that of imported herbal medicines. By companies, the highest price was 117.5% higher, and the lowest price was 57.3% lower than the average price. Conclusions : The price of herbal medicines varied by production year, region and company. This results suggest that comprehensive payment model needs to be considered in modeling the health insurance coverage for herbal medicine decoctions.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.73-89
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• 2001

The market conditions of sea mustard is changing by overproduction, decreasing price, Import of blanched and salted sea mustard from China into Korea domestic market and increasing market share of sea mustard of China in Japan. In addition, the price support program in sea mustard aquaculture must be modified due to the restriction of domestic support by international organization such as WTO. There are two ways to solve those problems. First is that finding a way to solve the overproduction of sea mustard. One of possible ways is the production adjustment by Marketing Order. Second is that finding an alternative way to replace price support program. The possible way is Direct Payment instead of purchase stockpile system. To introduce marketing Order, outlook center, organization of self-management, production adjustment through output control measure, improvement of market structure, and education/publicity arc necessary. Also, to implement marketing order, setting a model business by government is required. There are two steps for implementation of marketing order. First step is to construct Order Committee including organization of producer, people related marketing. However, this committee must run by government for certain short-term. Second step is to improve quality of product and acceleration of demand. At visual point that enforcement of the first step is completed, government has process that government transfers Order Committees self-correcting. It is desirable that government only conduct the support acts such as quality improvement and acceleration of demand. Also, at early stage it is necessary to have aid system for marketing order For example, we can expect that income increase by production adjustment in long run. However, in short run the income of producer may decrease so, it is required to compensate his economic lose. For compensation, The useful means that can be utilized is direct payment. Direct payment is not continued policy. Also, when production adjustment policy such as Marketing Order has effective results, Direct Payment as an assistant measure must be reduced or abolished. Therefore, when production adjustment acts as an effective tool to control overproduction, Direct Payment system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7690-7697
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• 2015

This study is to reveal structural causal relationship of individual factors influencing association member's substantive payment in the economic view which is a critical factor of project implementation and identify its influence through simulation and actual proof analysis. As the results of analysis, the first, association member's substantive payment is decided to allow for the difference between special price for association members and general price and the profit arising between the time of approval of disposal plan and moving in. The second, on analysis of sensitivity of individual factors influencing association member's substantive payment, floor area ratio applied to project has the biggest influence. Association member's payment is also greatly influenced by the subject of cost allocation for establishing infrastructure in project area. The third, this study set up a structure model based on causal relationship among the factors deciding association member's payment and empirically examined influence and path of influence which the individual factors exercise. The result indicates that control elements and regional characteristic elements influence association member's payment through the medium of plan elements.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.85-115
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• 2013

Digital knowledge and information goods as experience goods have some unique characteristics such as close to zero reproduction and distribution cost, high price volatility, and low price acceptability. For the reasons, the pricing policies of digital knowledge goods are very difficult and complicate. Also, most consumers of digital goods have experienced cognitive dissonance after buying decision. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors affect the price acceptability level and cognitive dissonance of digital knowledge goods buyers. This paper suggest a structural model that was established by the cognitive dissonance theory and S-O-R(Stimulus-Organization-Response) model. The model is consisted of four exogenous variables and three endogenous variables. The empirical test and statistical analysis suggest following results and practical implications. The variables such as product involvement and perception of price fairness that have positive roles to price acceptability have strong influence on the all the three endogenous variables. But the variables such as sale proneness and price mavenism that have negative roles to price acceptability have little influence on the all the three endogenous variables. In the model, the payment intention was very important mediating variable between exogenous variables and two dependent variables, ie. price acceptability and cognitive dissonance. These results imply that the digital knowledge portals must have some differentiated pricing policies to the customers who have price consciousness and price mavenism. Also, they need some special promotions to whom have positive attitude to the value of digital goods.