• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.105-126
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• 2007

The aims of this study were to examine the actual conditions surrounding the purchasing of online game items and Internet cyberspace items by adolescents the propensity of adolescents to consume these items, to determine the difference in the propensity for high and low consumption of these items among adolescents, and to investigate the characteristics of the adolescents who show a high propensity for the consumption of Internet items. The data for this study were collected from 483 adolescent consumers who were middle school and high school students in the city of Bucheon in Gyeonggi Province. The statistical methods used for the data analysis included frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results of the present study can be summarized as follows. The majority(79.5%) of the students surveyed had had the experience of purchasing items. Most students(67.5%) had a rare frequency of buying ($1{\sim}2$ times in a period of 6 months or less). Nearly half (47.9%) of the students spent less than 1000 won per month on the item(s) purchased. Most of the students purchased items with their parents' permission, but 26.6% of the students bought the items without their parents' permission. Most of the characteristics of the items purchased, such as the major item purchased, payment method, amount purchased per month, average amount spent per buying experience, and whether or not they had their parents' permission differed according to gender, grade level, record, and monthly allowance. The level of propensity to consume the items was not high. The propensity of imitation consumption (1.96) was lower than that of impulsive consumption (2.38) and conspicuous consumption (2.45). Most of the buying characteristics, including the major item purchased, payment method, amount purchased per month, average amount spent per buying experience, parents' permission, grade level, and monthly allowance were different between the high and low propensity for consumption groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the intention to have stomach cancer screening using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in Korea. Methods : For this population-based study, 1,535 adult respondents (aged 40 to 70 years) were recruited using multi-stratified random sampling and a face-to-face administered questionnaire. This study was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Intentions were divided into three scenarios for fee payment in the next two years : (1) free of charge, (2) co-payment, and (3) full charge. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors influencing the intention to have stomach cancer screening. Results : Perceived behavioral control and attitude toward stomach cancer screening were significant predictors of the intention to have stomach cancer screening. However, subjective norm only influenced the intention to have stomach cancer screening with full charge in the next two years. Conclusions : The results suggest that attitude and perceived behavioral control are likely to contribute toward increasing the intention to have stomach cancer screening. Especially, perceived behavioral control is a good predictor. Because the study subjects were nation wide residents, the study results can be generalized.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2020

Background: The out-of-pocket maximum is one of the distinctive healthcare systems which sets a ceiling on co-payment in order to reduce the burden of households from the unpredictable medical expenditure. However, this leads to an increase in the demand for healthcare services especially in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) in Korea. Methods: This study analyzed the influence factor of medical service overuse of 165,592 inpatients in LTCHs which out-of-pocket maximum is applied, by utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Service (2016). Based on Anderson Model, the medical service overuse, as a dependent variable, was defined as long-stay admission more than 180 days at the LTCHs. Independent variable was comprised of predisposing factors (gender, age), enabling factors (income level, types of out-of-pocket maximum) and need factors (illness level, patient use of tertiary hospital). Results: The most powerful factor of medical service overuse in LTCHs was availability of pre-payment for the out-of-maximum (odds ratio [OR], 191.66; p<0.001). This tendency was found in high income level status (p<0.001). Furthermore, mild inpatients (OR, 1.50; p<0.001) which had no experience with the tertiary hospitals (OR, 2.06; p<0.001) were more relevant to the medical service overuse in LTCHs, compared to the severe inpatients. Conclusion: It is suggested that a separate standard of out-of pocket maximum with regards to LTCHs is required to secure the beneficial functions of long-term hospitals and prevent unnecessary financial leakage to achieve sustainable and financially sound National Health Insurance.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2020

Background: The public health care system of a country is shaped and driven by its historical background as well as social, economic, and cultural structures. This study sheds light on the unique features, strengths, and weaknesses of the health insurance systems of South Korea (Korea) and Peru. Methods: The capacity mapping tool was used to explore the Korean and Peruvian population and geographical structures; health insurance laws, regulations, and policies; payment systems; eligibility and contribution collection; and long-term care insurance. Results: The study found that the Korean government took the lead in integrating multiple insurers into a single-payer system in an effort to reinforce and stabilize its health insurance system in 2000. Peru has been developed mixed model such based on taxes and contributions, to address a gap between different social classes. Peruvian government developed a two-axis system, one for low-income earners, financed by taxes, and another financed by contributions paid by workers and government officials in the formal sector. Peru has introduced many variations to its fee payment and insurer systems, target population, and coverage scope, and maintains its health insurance system accordingly to this day. Conclusion: The current study provides observation of the Health Insurance System in two different countries and helps to understand possible ways to improve the health insurance system in both countries. Based on this study, Peru will be able to see how its system differs from Korea's and benefit from the related policy implications.

• 정보학연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.173-188
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• 1998

최근 인터넷을 이용한 전자상거래가 점차 발전됨에 따라 고객의 서비스 구매에 따르는 전자 결제의 이용이 점차 늘어가고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 전자결제는 온라인상에서 이루어지는 활동이라는 점에서 많은 문제를 내포하고 있다. 온라인 신용카드와 전자화폐 그리고 전자수표로 대변되는 전자결제의 수단들은 흔히 해커라 불리어지는 전자상거래의 비주체들에 의하여 오용되어지고 그로 인해 많은 피해가 발생할 우려가 있다. 본 고에서는 전자상거래시의 대금결제 수단인 전자결제의 종류와 문제점에 대하여 알아보고 그러한 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 방법들에 대하여 제시해 본다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2019

Objectives: The current study presents a new conceptual framework for physician-induced demand that comprises several influential components and their interactions. Methods: This framework was developed on the basis of the conceptual model proposed by Labelle. To identify the components that influenced induced demand and their interactions, a scoping review was conducted (from January 1980 to January 2017). Additionally, an expert panel was formed to formulate and expand the framework. Results: The developed framework comprises 2 main sets of components. First, the supply side includes 9 components: physicians' incentive for pecuniary profit or meeting their target income, physicians' current income, the physician/population ratio, service price (tariff), payment method, consultation time, type of employment of physicians, observable characteristics of the physician, and type and size of the hospital. Second, the demand side includes 3 components: patients' observable characteristics, patients' non-clinical characteristics, and insurance coverage. Conclusions: A conceptual framework that can clearly describe interactions between the components that influence induced demand is a critical step in providing a scientific basis for understanding physicians' behavior, particularly in the field of health economics.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2022

Background & Objectives : As the government of South Korea implemented policies to strengthen health insurance coverage, the health insurance benefit for raw herbal medicines has been promoted. This study investigated the current status of the herbal medicines coverage in the Japanese national health insurance to secure reference data for the design of herbal medicines coverage in South Korea. Methods : Literature review was conducted to collect and analyze the history and current situation on herbal medicines coverage in the Japanese health insurance system. To supplement the contents not presented in the documents, on-site interviews were conducted at the medical institutions and pharmacies that prescribed or prepared herbal medicines in Tokyo, Japan. The contents of the survey included the background and progress of the herbal medicines coverage, the status of herbal medicines use, the payment system, and the safety management of herbal medicines. Results : Since the introduction of health insurance in the 1960s, Japanese insurance system has covered herbal medicines, and so far, it has been maintained without any additional restrictions. When the raw herbal medicines are prescribed to outpatients, the preparation fee is set higher than that of other medicines, but overall payment regulations and systems for herbal medicine are generally the same as other medicines. Conclusions : The case of Japan can be a useful references and implications for national health insurance policy on herbal medicines in south Korea.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

Purpose: This study seeks to explore the impact of COVID-19-induced boredom, a prevalent form of pandemic-related stress, on travel motivation and post-pandemic travel intentions. Additionally, it examines the interplay among travel motivation, travel constraints, and the willingness to pay more for travel experiences in the post-pandemic context. Methods: A PLS-SEM analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Data collection took place through an online survey in February and March 2021, with a total of 575 respondents participating. Participants provided responses regarding their current levels of boredom due to COVID-19, five different travel motivations, seven travel constraints, and their post-pandemic travel intentions. Additionally, participants were asked about their willingness to pay more for travel. Results: This study highlights the significant role of COVID-19-induced boredom in predicting post-pandemic travel intentions and the willingness to pay more for travel. Contrary to previous perceptions, boredom emerges as a driving factor, enhancing travel intentions during the pandemic. Additionally, relaxation becomes the primary motivation for travel during COVID-19, and structural constraints exert a noticeable impact on travel intentions, challenging previous assumptions. Stress levels directly influence the willingness to pay more during travel experiences, expanding the understanding of additional payment behavior in the context of travel. Conclusion: This study offers practical insights for tourism stakeholders. Recognizing and addressing boredom in marketing strategies, implementing aggressive additional payment options, and focusing on relaxation-oriented travel products are recommended to cater to post-pandemic traveler preferences and revive the tourism industry effectively.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2021

의료 공급자인 의사의 급여수준을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요한 보건의료 정책연구의 주제 중의 하나이다. 이 연구는 봉직의사의 급여 수준의 기술적 분포를 파악하고, 봉직의사의 급여수준에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 도출하였다. 연구대상 자료는 '초빙닷컴(www.chobing.com)'의 의사 초빙정보 사이트에서 2016년 5월부터 2019년 5월까지 게시된 4,014개의 구인광고 건 사례였다. 이 연구는 단면연구로 봉직의사의 구인 광고에 제시된 월평균 급여액을 종속변수로 초빙전문과목, 근로 지역, 채용 시기, 당직 여부, 사택여부, 퇴직금 제공 여부, 추가적인 인센티브 제공여부 등을 독립변수로 단변량 분석과 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 주요결과는 첫째, 봉직의사의 월평균 급여는 1,540만 원, 표준편차 390만 원이었고, 전문과목별 월평균 급여는 정형외과가 2,124만 원으로 가장 높았고, 진단검사의학과가 1,140만 원으로 가장 낮았다. 지역 별로 경남이 1,708만 원으로 가장 높았고, 서울이 1,405만 원으로 가장 낮았다. 둘째, 단변량 분석에서는 평균 급여의 경우, 외과계, 기타 과, 내과계 순으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 비메이저 과목, 지역이 도일수록, 영·호남일수록, 야간 당직이 없을수록, 사택 제공이 있을수록, 퇴직금이 없을수록, 인센티브가 있을수록 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 표준화 급여에서는 외과계, 내과계, 기타 과 순으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 비메이저 과목일수록, 도일수록, 제주 및 영·호남 순으로, 시기별로는 1분기와 3분기일수록 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 셋째, 다중회귀분석 결과, 평균 급여는 비메이저 과목일수록, 사택 제공이 있는 경우, 퇴직금이 없는 경우, 인센티브가 있는 경우가 유의한 기여 변수였으며(p<0.05), 표준화 급여에서는 비메이저 과목일수록, 인센티브가 있을수록, 지역이 도일수록 유의한 기여변수로 도출되었다(p<0.05). 따라서 이 연구는 전문과목별, 지역별, 기타 사택 제공 여부, 퇴직금 지급 여부, 기타 인센티브 지급여부 등이 결정요인임을 확인하였다. 그러나 이 연구는 단면연구로서 추후 보다 심층적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.303-320
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• 2023

최근 수출입기업은 무역대금 결제과정과 방식을 선택하면서 신용장보다 T/T 송금과 Surrender B/L을 더 유용하게 이용하고 있으며 신(新)무역물류환경의 특성이 4IR 시대에 들어 강력하게 작용하고 있어 서류에 기반한 무역거래가 선하증권의 전자화나 스마트 계약의 발전으로 인해 새로운 국면을 맞이하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 수출기업이 협상 요인에 따라 수출대금 결제유형 선택이 달라지는지를 검증하고 신(新)무역물류환경의 특성을 적용하여 논하는 것이다. 분석을 위한 데이터는 설문을 통해 수집하였으며, 업체 직접방문, e-mail, fax, 온라인 설문, 등기우편회수 등으로 회수하였다. 설문배포기간은 2023년 2월 1일~2023년 4월 30일까지이며 2,000부가 배포되어 447부가 회수되고(회수율 22.4%), 본 연구의 목적에 부적합한 111부를 제외한 최종 336부의 데이터가 사용되었다. 아래는 연구의 결과를 나타낸다. 첫째, 협상 요인 중 수출기업이 가지는 제품 차별성은 수출대금 결제유형 선택에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 둘째, 협상 요인 중 수출기업이 인식하는 수입기업 구매우위가 높아질수록 사후송금방식이 더 큰 가능성으로 선택되었다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 분석 결과에 더하여 향후 수출기업이 수출대금 결제유형을 선택하면서 신(新)무역물류환경의 특성이 적용된 블록체인기술기반 선하증권, 무역금융플랫폼 등과 같은 새로운 방식의 결제를 고려해야 할 필요성을 제언하였다. 따라서 수출기업은 예컨대 선하증권 위기현상에 대응하는 무역서류의 디지털화 시도 등에 지속적인 관심을 보여야 할 것이고, 후속 연구에서는 국내의 부족한 사회적 인식을 해외선진연구를 통해 제고할 필요가 있을 것으로 기대한다.