• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.714-715
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• 2015

Drill and blast method has been most widely used in tunnel excavation, after NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) was introduced in 1983. The NATM method utilized mass of shotcrete to secure the bearing capacity of tunnels. Overbreak defined how much larger the actual excavation was than the planned. When it became larger, more shotcrete was required to fill in it Here, payline fixed allowable overbreak, referring to payable amounts of shotcrete. Since owner was not responsible for shotcrete exceeding payline, it was important to properly establish the standards for payline. Although the standards were provided in 'Poom-sam'(standardized quantity per unit), they did not properly reflect the actual conditions for excavation. Thus, this study reviewed existing domestic and foreign standards for overbreak, and estimated overbreak for each type of support using survey data, and finally provided the improvements on the current standards.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2018

This study anatomizes various traits of slots in Slotomania, the most popular online slot game in the world. Developed by Playtika, Slotomania is a social casino genre game that runs over Facebook. Slotomania has been the number one as a title in the social casino genre, and this study multi-dimensionally analyzes various characteristics of slots that exist in the game. Specifically, it analyzes factors of 1) User Interface(UI) 2) Theme 3) Payline & Betting 4) Structure & Symbol 5) Bonus 6) Additional Traits. As a reuslt, it reports that there is "diversity". Therefore, it not only researches how and why those slots are attractive to people but also explores the market of social casino based on Facebook.