• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2006

The alcoholic extract of Momordica dioica roots significantly reduced $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in rats upon oral administration (200 mg/kg), as judged from the serum enzyme levels [serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminases (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. These results were comparable with sylimarin (1.25 mg/kg, p.o.). The alcoholic extract inhibited the formation of oxyten derived free radicals (ODFR) in vitro with $4000\;{\mu}g/ml$ ascorbic system. The alcoholic extract also significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema when administered orally (200 mg/kg) and the activity was comparable with ibuprofen(200 mg/kg, p.o.).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1996

Propolid (bee-glue), known as a folk medicine, is a lipo;hilic material found in honeybee hives. In the present study on the anti-inflammatory effect of Korean propolis, it was extracted with ethanol, and used as a test material. The $LD_{50}$ value with the oral administration of ethanolic extract of Korean propolis (EEKP) was higher than 2g/kg in mice. The oral administration of the propolis extract (100mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development of hind paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats. the oral pretreatment of the propolis extract markedly inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhing induced by acetic acetic acid in mice. Propolis extract, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. per day for 7 days, produced a significant inhibitory effect on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. This inhibitory effect was enhanced with the concomitant use of prednisolone (2.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that Korean propolis apparently has a strong anti-inflammatory activity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1993

Three components, fraxetin-8-glucoside, esculetin-6-glucoside and mannitol, were isolated from the stem bark of Fraxinus chiisanensis var. stenophylla, F. japonica var. intermedia and F. densata. The MeOH extract of the cortex of F. densata had the antiinflammatory activity on the carrageenin-induced paw edema in rat. The MeOH extracts of the cortex of all three Fraxinus spp. have the potent analgesic activity on the HOAc-induced writhing syndrome in mouse and the hepatoprotective activity on the $CCl_4-induced$ fatty liver in rat: protection of ballooning formation and inhibition of sGPT and sGOT increased by $CCl_4$.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.126.1-126.1
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• 2003

Compound-A is a phenylpropanoid isolated from Arctium lappa fruit. In this experiments, effect of Compound-A on sheep red bood cells (sRBC) - induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) were studied in ICR male mice and determined the Rosette Forming Cells (RFC). Two weeks after sensitization of i.p. injection of sRBC (4$\times{10}^8$ cells), ICR male mice were challenged by i.p. injection of sRBC (2\times{10}^8$ cells). Five days the challenge of antigen, paw edema induced twenty-four hours after the last challenge by DTH. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.125.1-125.1
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• 2003

Effects of Compound-A, a phenylpropanoid isolated from Arctium lappa fruit, on sheep red blood cells (sRBC)-induced arthus reaction (AR) were studied in ICR male mice and determined the plaque forming cells (PFC) numbers and hemagglutinin (HA) titer. Two weeks after sensitization of i.p. injection of sRBC (4x10$^{8}$ cells), ICR male mice were challenged by i.p. injection of sRBC (2$\times{10}^8$ cells). Five days after the challenge of antigen, paw edema induced three hours after the last challenge by Arthus reaction. (omitted)

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-70
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• 1993

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Taklee Hwangki Tang(THT) on inflammation. THT extract did not affected on the leakage of evans blue into peritoneal cavity and mouse paw edema induced by histamine, but decreased the cottom pellet granuloma formation. Using proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblast cell line as an in vitro model of granulation tissue formation, the ability of THT to stumulate cellular proliferation of fibroblast cells was investigated. When the cells were seeded at $1{\times}10^4$ cells/well, balb/c 3T3 cells are reached to the late expponential phase at 3rd day. Under the conditions established above, THT increased the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells at concentration of $10^-,\;10^{-6}\;and\;10^{-5}g/ml$. The treatment of $10^{-6}g/ml$ of THT did not influence onthe NDA syntesis and proteinsynthesis of the cells. The $10\%$ serum from THT treated mice(500mg/kg/day for 4 days) increased the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblast markedly, but decreased the DNA synthesis and protein sythesis of the cells. The results suggest that THT may be of practical therapeutic use at the period of the last in. flammation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

Chronic joint pain due to loss of cartilage function, degradation of subchondral bone, and related conditions are common plights of an arthritis patient. Antioxidant compounds could solve the problems in arthritic condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of D-carvone against complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. D-carvone was orally administered for 25 days at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg against CFA-induced arthritic rats. Changes in body weight, paw swelling, organ index, hematological parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology were recorded. Oral treatment of D-carvone significantly improved the body weight, reduced the paw swelling, edema formation, and organ index in arthritic rats. The levels of white blood cells were reduced, red blood cells and hemoglobin levels were improved in D-carvone treated arthritic rats. Lipid peroxidation levels were lowered whereas enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were significantly elevated by D-carvone administration against arthritic rats. D-carvone significantly modulated inflammatory cytokine levels and improved the ankle joint pathology against CFA-induced arthritic inflammation. In conclusion, D-carvone proved significant anti-arthritic activity against CFA-induced arthritis in rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2001

To develop a novel transdermal delivery system of loxoprofen (LP), a potent antiinflammatory and analgesic agent, the effects of vehicle composition and drug loading dose on the skin permeation property were investigated. And in vivo skin absorption property studied by analysing the $C_{max}$ and AUC was investigated after applying the developed plaster systems on rabbit back skin. Addition of isopropyl myristate (IPM) and IPM-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) cosolvent in the plaster showed higher permeation rates than those from propylene glycol laurate-DGME cosolvent systems. As the concentration of LP in the plaster increased from 0.56 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.19 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the drug release and skin permeation rates increased linearly. At loading dose of 1.19 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the flux reached 35.6 $\mu$g/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr. New LP plasters showed a good adhesive property onto skin, and showed no crystal formation. The AU $C_{0-24hr}$ and $C_{max}$ after dermal application of LP plaster (60 mg/70 $\textrm{cm}^2$) were found to be 6951$\pm$230 ng.hr/ml and 400$\pm$44 ng/ml, respectively. And the plasma concentration maintained above 300 ng/ml up to 24 hr period. In the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test, LP plaster showed similar inhibition rate with marketed ketoprofen (Ketoto $p^{R}$) plaster.aster.r.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Gamroeum water extracts (GRE) in vivo and in vitro. Methods : The effects of GRE on anti-inflammation were measured by production of NO, $PGE_2$ (Prostaglandin $E_2$), iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase), COX-2, $NF{\kappa}B$ (Nuclear Factor kappa B), TNF-$\alpha$ (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) and IL-$1{\beta}$ (Interleukin-$1{\beta}$), IL-6 in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with LPS. Results : 1. In machrophage cells, LPS displayed significant stimulatory effects on the production of NO and $PGE_2$. However, GRE showed significant inhibitory effects on NO and $PGE_2$ release. The level of NO and $PGE_2$ was decreased by GRE in a concentration dependent manner as compared with LPS only group. 2. Immunoblot analysis verified that LPS stimulation significantly increased the iNOS and COX-2 protein level, but GRE suppressed the induction of iNOS and COX-2 protein at a concentration dependent manner. 3. GRE reduced the elevated production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 by LPS. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of GRE was occurred in a dose-dependent manner. 4. GRE significantly reduced the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ protein in nuclear fraction. 5. GRE effectively inhibited the increases of hind paw skin thicknesses and inflammatory cell infiltrations induced by carrageenan treatment. It, therefore, considered that GRE will be favorably inhibited the acute edematous inflammations. Conclusions : These results indicated that GRE could have anti-inflammatory capacity by inhibiting the production of NO, $PGE_2$ and cytokines in vitro and by reducing the formation of carrageenan-induced paw edema in vivo. Moreover, inhibitory effects of GRE on the macrophage activation were attributable to the reduction of some of inflammatory factors by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects in inflammatory and pain status on rheumatoid arthritis(RA) induced rats by swimming exercise and Achyranthes Radix(AR) extracts ointment according to the application methods with the change of motor-behavioral and histochemistry study through the change of safranin o-fast green stain in the knee joint and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ concentration production in serum for 28 days. They were randomly divided into four groups; Group I: RA induction, Group II: application of only swimming exercise after RA induction, Group III: application of only AR extracts ointment after RA induction, Group IV: application of both AR extracts ointment and swimming exercise after RA induction. The following results were obtained. Volume change of hind paw edema and arthritis indices test and arthritic dorsal flexion & plantar flexion pain test, group II, III, IV were showed that significantly decrease to each scores compared with group I (p<.01). Safranin o-fast green stain were showed histological indices, group II, III, IV were showed that significantly decrease the scores of cellular infiltration and synovial hyperplasia(p<.05), pannus formation and cartilage destruction(p<.01) compared with group I. Group IV were the most decreased compared with group II, III. The $PGE_2$ concentration of the group II, III, IV were decreased compared to the group I (p<.01) In conclusion, swimming exercise and AR extracts ointment acts were the most therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and pain control of RA induced rats.