• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

Objectives : Lespedeza Cuneata has been used to treat leukorrhea, asthma, stomach pain, diarrhea, acute mastitis, in Korean traditional medicine. According to recent studies, Lespedeza Cuneata has antioxidation, hypoglycemia, cell protective, insulin secretion, whitening, corpora cavernosa smooth muscle relaxation and antimicrobial activities, but it has been rarely conducted to evaluate the immuno-biological activity. The present study was examined to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Lespedeza Cuneata MeOH extract (LCE) in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In vitro, inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_2$ were detected after the addition of LPS with or without LCE in Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. In vivo, anti-edema effect of LCE was determined in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Results : In vitro assay, LCE decreased release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) via suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression. LCE inhibited the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ indicating the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway. In vivo assay, LCE significantly inhibited the formation of paw edema induced by carrageenan injection in rats. LCE effectively inhibited increases of hind paw skin thickness and inflammatory cell infilterations. Conclusion : These findings demonstrate that LCE has inhibitory effect on inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells and on paw edema in carrageenan-stimulated rats, showing the possibility of anti-inflammatory use of Lespedeza Cuneata.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.418-424
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated the effects of ostrich extract combined with Korean herb medicine(OEKHM) on the serum parameters in carageenan induced paw edema in rats. Carageenan causes enhanced edema formation which contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. There were four groups of treatments: OEKHMs and the control. After treatment with oral doses of 3 mL/180 g BW. 3 kinds of OEKHMs were processed which were ostrich bone with flesh meat with herb medicine(BFH), ostrich bone with flesh meat(BF), and ostrich bone with internal organs(BI). The contents of crude fat of the BFH was lower, but crude protein and crude ash of the BFH were significantly higher than those of the BF and the BI. In case of the levels of minerals(Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn ) of the BFH were significantly higher than those of BF and BI. And the heavy metals(Pb and Cd) were not detected in the OEKHM. The serum level of triglyceride in the BFH treated group decreased compared to that of the edema induced group. The serum levels of HDL-cholesterol concentration in the BFH supplemented group increased compared to that of the other groups. The serum levels of minerals(Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) of the BFH treated group significantly increased than those of other groups(p<0.05).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.14 no.3_4
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• pp.45-50
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• 1970

Anti-infalmmatory action of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) was investigated. p-MCA showed a significant decrease in carrageenin and acetic acid induced edema of the rat hind paw, and increased capillary permeability by anaphylaxis and chemical mediators of pontamine sky blue in the mouse peritoneal cavity. It, however, showed only weak inhibitory effect on cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation of the rat.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.256-259
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• 2003

The pet ether extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, leaves was studied for its antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic property. The extract at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o., significantly (p<0.05) reduced the number of writhing induced by acetic acid and inhibited the late phase (20-30 min) in formalin test in mice. The extract failed to increase the pain threshold level in tail immersion test in mice. In carrageenan induced paw edema in rats and in acetic acid induced increase in vascular permeability test in mice, the extract (50-600 mg/kg, p.o.) failed to produce any significant activity. While in cotton pellet granuloma test, the extract at doses of 200 and 600 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the granuloma formation and was comparable to reference drug, dexamethasone. In ethylpheylpropiolate ear edema test 0.5 mg and 1 mg/ear application of extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited ear edema. In yeast induced hyperthermia in rats, the extract did not produce any reduction in temperature. The results suggest that the extract acts peripherally to produce analgesic action and anti-inflammatory activity through steroidal mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.3 s.126
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• pp.242-247
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• 2001

The anti-inflammatory activity of water extract of Mahaengeuigam-Tang(MHEGTWE) was examined using the carrageenin and acetic acid induced edema, croton oil induced granuloma pouch, and adjuvant arthritis in rats. In addition, the acute toxicity, analgesic and antipyretic effects of MHEGTWE were investigated by the general experimental methods. In acute toxicity test in mice, MHEGTWE showed 10% mortality at 2400 mg/kg(p.o), but it did not showed at 1200 mg/kg(i.p). It was also showed significant analgesic action on the writhing syndrome induced by 0.7% acetic acid at 600 mg/kg(p.o) and its antipyretic activity was observed in the typhoid vaccine induced fevered rats at 300 mg/kg(p.o). By the oral administration of the MHEGTWE, the significant anti-inflammatory activity was observed on 1% carrageenin induced edema, and it significantly inhibited the granuloma and exudate formation in rats. In the adjuvant arthritis experiment, the MHEGTWE decreased the hind paw edema in rats for 19 days. The results suggest that MHEGTWE has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic action.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 1998

Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San have been used for the treatment of neuralgia and arthritis in traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory activities of Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San water extract (CBSE and CCBSE) on the carrageenin induced edema, Corton oil induced granuloma pouch, and adjuvant arthritis in rats were examined. The analgesic effects of the CBSE and CCBSE were also investigated utilizing acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice. The oral administration of CBSE and CCBSE showed to have the anti-inflammatory activities in 1% carrageenin induced edema in rats. They also showed significant inhibitory effects on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. In the method of adjuvant arthritis, they orally administered for 19 days, inhibited the hind paw edema in rats from 3rd day to 19th day, especially CCBSE has the efficacy more than CBSE. They significantly decreased the number of writhing syndromes induced by acetic acid in mice. In the present study, CBSE and CCBSE were indicated to have the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of High-Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) and ultrasound on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in female Sprauge-Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of a single dose of $.1m{\ell}$ of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (1 mg of Mycobacterium Butyricum suspended in $.1m{\ell}$ paraffin oil) into the right hind paw. A randomized, parallel-groups design of 24 subjects was used. All rats were randomly assigned to control (n=8), ultrasound (n=8), and HVPC (n=8) were compared with those of injured rats. The rats in the pulsed ultrasound group were treated at 1 MHz frequency with $.5W/cm^2$ intensity in 1:4 mode for 5 minutes per day. The rats in the HVPC group were treated at 120 pulses per second and $50{\mu}s$ phase duration, 20 mA intensity for 30 min per day. Treatment was done in the left and right hind limb for 2 weeks. We evaluated clinical, radiographic, hematologic and histopathologic findings before and after treatment and obtained the following results. 1. Edema of the right hind paw was more significantly reduced in the ultrasound and HVPC groups than the control group on days 9, 12, and 14 (p<.05). Edema of the left hind paw was more significantly reduced in ultrasound and HVPC groups than the control group on days 12, 14 (p<.05). 2. WBC counts of the ultrasound and HVPC groups as compared with the control group were becoming remarkably decreased after the treatment. 3. In radiologic findings, arthritis formation was seen according to the score of arthritis, which was the highest in the control group, upon the observation of radiographs of the left and right hind paws. However, no statistically significant difference was present in the score within three groups. 4. In the histopathologic findings, ultrasound and HVPC groups had effectively suppressed erosions of articular cartilage and inflammatory cell infiltrations. Therefore, the results of the study show that rats that were treated with the ultrasound and HVPC effectively suppressed adjuvant arthritis. However, no statistically significant difference was present between the ultrasound group and the HVPC group.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 1998

The pharmacokinetic properties and antiinflammatory activity of 3% ketoprofen lotion (ID-lotion), formulated with poloxamer 407, were evaluated using rats. For the pharmacokinetic study, the lotion, at the dose of 4.5 mg/kg, was applied on the dorsal skin of rats and the drug concentration in plasma was determined using an HPLC method. As references, ketoprofen suspended in saline was administered orally, and E-lotion, which is a 3% ketoprofen lotion in the Japanese market was applied transdermally. Following the transdermal application of ID-lotion and E-lotion, $C_{max}$ were 316 $\pm$22.3 ng/ml and 163 $\pm$ 12.2 ng/ml, respectively, at the same Tma of 2 hours postdose, while $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ after oral administration of the drug were 1,030$\pm$89.1 ng/ml and 0.25 hours, respectively. Relative bioavailabilities of ID-lotion and I-lotion were 69.3% and 34.2%, respectively. The antiinflammatory activity of the two 3% ketoprofen lotions was evaluated with carrageeneninduced edema method after 50 mg of the lotions was applied on the paw of rats. ID-lotion showed 67.6% inhibition of the edema formation, while I-lotion showed 34.\\\\`r%. The calculated ED5o after transdermal application of ID-lotion was 2.5 mg/kg, while that after oral administration was 7.0 mg/kg. Based on these results, the relative equiponderal availability of ID-lotion was 296% compared to the oral administration of ketoprofen.n.n.n.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2002

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-rheumatoidal arthritis effect of the R. verniciflua heartwood extract, its EtOAc fraction, and its primary flavonoids, sulfuretin and fustin. All test samples showed variably significant inhibitory effects on hind paw edema and trypsin inhibitor activity induced by Freund's complete adjuvant reagent (FCA reagent), and on vascular permeability caused by acetic acid. Treatment with 10 mg/kg (i.p.) sulfuretin for seven days inhibited edema formation by 54.2$\pm$3.0%. Test samples, especially sulfuretin, shifted the values of biochemical parameters such as serum-cholesterol, serum-triglyceride and serum-total protein toward the normal and restored the numbers of leucocytes and platelets. These results suggest that the heartwood of R. verniciflua reduces immunological injuries caused by FCA reagent provides evidence that suluretin is an active anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.781-789
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of these research was to investigate effects of water extract of Bistortae Rhizoma(BRE) on the hemostasia, anti-inflammatory action and central nervous system. Methods : we used mice and rats administered with the extract of the above herbs. Results : BRE decreased the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity and cotton pellet granuloma formation. BRE did not decrease the acetic acid induced writhing syndrome and the histamine induced mouse paw edema. BRE inhibited the pentylenetetrazole and the strychnine induced convulsion. BRE shortened the bleeding time and plasma prtrombin time. BRE did not affect on the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. Conclusions : these results suggest that the effects of BRE are the hemostasia, anti-inflammatory action, and mild depressant activity of central nervous system.