• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.48-49
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.145-147
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
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• pp.48-49
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• 2001

The carcinogens 2-amino-3-methylimidazo［4, 5-f］quinoline (IQ) and 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induce colon tumors in the Fisher 344 rat that contain mutations in Ctnnbl, the gene for b-catenin, but the pattern of mutation differs from that found in human colon cancers. In both species, mutations affect the glycogen synthase kinase 3$\beta$ (GSK-3$\beta$) consensus region of $\beta$-catenin, but whereas they directly substitute critical Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in human colon cancers, the majority of mutations cluster around Ser$_{33}$ in the rat tumors.(omitted)d)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.5-6
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• 2001

The carcinogens 2-arnioo-3-methylimidazo［4,5-f］quinoline (IQ) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induce colon tumors in the Fisher 344 rat that contain mutations in Ctnnb1, the gene for b-catenin, but the pattern of mutation differs from that found in human colon cancers. in both species, mutations affect the glycogen synthase kinase 3$\beta$ (GSK-3$\beta$) consensus region of $\beta$-catenin, but whereas they directly substitute critical Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in human colon cancers, the majority of mutations cluster around Ser$^{33}$ in the rat tumors.(omitted)

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.945-959
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• 2011

Creativity is always important in science gifted education. There are many research results about enhancing the creativity. One of the ways of enhancing students scientific' creativity is to let them think and research like scientists so that they can follow how scientists find problems and solve them. So in this study, scientific creative elements were extracted from the Pauling's detailed examples of research process by using many documents. Abductive reasoning, paradox, changing the perspective, modeling, simplifying, converging thinking, diverging thinking, and metaphorical thinking are thinking methods that were extracted from the Pauling's research process. Repeated experiment, co-experiment, using both theories and experiments, and social obligation as a scientist are research methods. Scientific creative elements that were extracted suggest some direction that have more scientific creativity, more ability to find problems, and more ability to form theories in science education or in science gifted education.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.9 s.448
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• pp.88-91
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2016

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2011.12a
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• pp.41-42
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• 2011

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1985-1992
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• 2011

The stable conformers of glycine and the inter-conversions between them were studied theoretically at various levels of theory, B3LYP, MP2, CCSD and CCSD(T), in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. In aqueous solution, the structures examined by use of the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) with various cavity models, UA0, UAHF, UAKS, UFF, BONDI and PAULING, and by use of a discrete/continuum solvation model with eight water clusters. The Gibbs free energy differences between the neutral (NE) and zwitterionic conformers (ZW), ${\Delta}G_{Z-N}[=G_{ZW}-G_{NE}]$, in aqueous solution were well reproduced by using the BONDI and PAULING cavity models. However the ${\Delta}G_{Z-N}$ values were underestimated in other cavity models, although the ZW conformers existed as stable species in aqueous solution. In the studies of a discrete/continuum solvation model with eight water clusters, gas phase results are still insufficient to reproduce the experimental findings. However the ${\Delta}G_{Z-N}$ values calculated by use of CPCM method in aqueous solution agreed well with the experimental ones.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2000

On the basis of theory of Bratsch's electronegativity equalization the electronegativity equalization the group electronegativities and the group partial charges for cationic and amphoteric surface and amphoteric surfactants could be calculated using Pauling's electronegativity parameters. From calculated output we have investigated relationships between CMC(critical micelle concentration) and partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups structural stability of micelle for cationic and amphoteric surfactants. As a result CMC depends upon partial charge and electronegativity of hydrophilic group is decreased. With increasing the carbon number of hydrophilic group for cationic surfactant its partial charge is increased but CMC and its electronegativity are decreased. With increasing the carbon number of hydrophobic group for cationic and amphoteric surfactant its partial charge is increased but CMC andits electronegativity are decreased.