• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of oral health policy and effective nonsmoking educational the basic data comparing the subjective oral health recognition and tooth brushing pattern by smoking whether or not, the subjects were adults to visit dental clinic. Methods: The subjects were a total of about 245 adults visited dental clinics in Busan metropolitan city and Gyeongnam province some areas. The datas were collected from December 17, 2012 to February 17, 2013. Data analyses were done with SPSS program through frequency analysis and chi-square test. Results: The tooth brushing pattern of non-smokers were more brushing after meals and snacks, and then brushing within three minutes before bedtime and brushing with more than 3 minutes, brushing with rotating method is pretty more, smokers were not brushing after the meal, a snack, and then within 3 minutes before going to bed without brushing, more than three minutes brushing with rotation method. Subjective oral health status of non-smokers, the more awareness is pretty healthy, but smokers were the more unhealthy side, the greater the smoking amount among smokers subjective oral health were recognized as a bad side. Conclusion: It was necessary to recognize subjective oral health status and to provide a way to practice corrective brushing pattern according to smoking or not and smoking amount. Subjective oral health awareness and brushing pattern directly related to the smoking or not and smoking amounts of the subject, so when dental care, it should be followed to recognize exactly what to give oral health status of subjects and provide a way of effective oral health management in order to improve the oral health and quality of life.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1123-1123
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• 2001

In recent years, a miniature spectrometer has been extensively developed due to the marriage of fiber optics and semiconductor detector array. This type of miniature spectrometer has advantages of low price and robustness due to the capability of mass production and no moving parts are required such as lenses, mirrors and scanning monochromator. These systems are ideal for use in teaching labs, process monitoring and field analyses. A portable near infrared (NIR) system has been developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This system includes a tungsten halogen lamp for light source, a fiber optics connected a light source, and a sample module to the microspectrometer, The size of spectrometer can be as small as 2.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.1 cm. Wavelength ranges can be chosen as 360-800 nm, 800-1100 nm and 1100-1900 nm depending on the type of detector. The software consists of various tools for multivariate analysis and pattern recognition techniques. To evaluate the system, long and short-term stability, wavelength accuracy, and stray light have been investigated and compared with conventional scanning type NIR spectrometer. This developed system can be sufficiently used for quantitative and qualitative analysis for various samples such as agricultural product, herbal medicine, food, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals, etc.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Objectives : To identify whether and how Korean people understand 'qi deficiency' and related symptoms. Methods : We developed a questionnaire based on the experts' comments and modification asking understanding of 'qi deficiency' and symptoms or situations related with it. Total 128 workers at community healthcare centres across the country completed the questionnaire. They were asked if they know the meaning of the word 'qi deficiency' and to give at least three symptoms or situations that they conceive are related with 'qi deficiency'. The responses were collected and descriptive and frequency analyses were performed. Results : Approximately 79.7% of responders answered that they understand the meaning of the word 'qi deficiency' and of them, 71.6% reported that they experience 'qi deficiency' sometimes or more. Regarding somatic or condition-related responses in qi deficiency, lack of power or energy (26.6%), tiredness or fatigue (22.2%), dizziness (7.2%) or sweating (6.3%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. They related symptoms such as loss of appetite (4.3%) or easily catching colds (2.4%) with qi deficiency. Factors described in traditional pattern recognition of qi deficiency were not exactly matched with the responses from this survey. Conclusions : Korean people have rather a broad concept of qi deficiency covering a range of symptoms and this should be taken into account in developing a deficiency assessment tool.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2009

This paper describes a pattern recognition method of Magnoliae flos based on a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil components. The botanical drug is mainly comprised of the four magnolia species (M. denudata, M. biondii, M. kobus, and M. liliflora) in Korea, although some other species are also being dealt with the drug. The GC/MS separation of the volatile components, which was extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), was performed on a carbowax column (supelcowax 10; 30 m{\time}0.25 mm{\time}0.25{\mu}m$) using temperature programming. Variance in the retention times for all peaks of interests was within RSD 2% for repeated analyses (n = 9). Of the 74 essential oil components identified from the magnolia species, approximately 10 major components, which is $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, d-limonene, eucarlyptol (1,8-cineol), $\gamma$-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, $\alpha$-terpineol, were commonly present in the four species. For statistical analysis, the original dataset was reduced to the 13 variables by Fisher criterion and factor analysis (FA). The essential oil patterns were processed by means of the multivariate statistical analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). All samples were divided into four groups with three principal components by PCA and according to the plant origins by HCA. Thirty-three samples (23 training sets and 10 test samples to be assessed) were correctly classified into the four groups predicted by PCA. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the well-known herbal drug, Magnoliae flos.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Pale ale류에 속하는 수입산 시판 맥주 3종과 신제품 맥주를 대상으로 일반적 품질특성과 향기패턴 및 맛의 성향을 비교하였다. 그 결과 신제품은 4.35%의 알콜 함량을 나타냈으며 B.U.는 3.5, 색도는 34.43(EBC), sweetness는 $2.28^{\circ}P$, pH는 3.96, 총산은 5.21, 폴리페놀은 181.22 mg/L의 함량을 보였다. 전자코에 의한 향기패턴의 경우 시판 맥주와는 구분되어 다른 향기특성을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, GC를 이용한 총 14종의 휘발성분 중 ethyl acetate, isobutanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl hexanoate 함량의 차이를 보였고 그 외 물질들은 시판 맥주와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 전자혀 분석에서는 시판 맥주에 비하여 NB의 신맛이 부족한 것으로 나타났으며 맥주의 주요한 쓴맛을 나타내는 성분 중 하나인 quinine을 정량 한 결과 시판 맥주에서의 농도는 1.5-1.8 mg/L 사이로 나타났다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2006

교량의 손상추정을 위한 구조계 규명기법은 신호취득시스템 및 정보처리기술의 발전과 함께 최근에 많은 연구개발이 이루어지고 있다. 신경망기법이나 유전자 알고리즘과 같은 소프트컴퓨팅 기법은 뛰어난 패턴인식성능 때문에 손상추정 문제에 활발히 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모드계수를 활용한 신경망기법기반 손상추정을 수행하였으며, 신경망을 훈련시키기 위한 훈련패턴을 생성하는 해석모델에서의 불확실성을 효과적으로 고려할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 해석모델의 불확실성 대하여 민감하지 않은 입력자료인 손상 전 후의 모드형상의 차 또는 모드형상의 비를 신경망의 입력자료로 활용하였다. 단 순보와 다주형교량에 대한 수치예제를 통하여 본 연구에서 제시한 기법의 타당성 및 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

내장형 시스템의 DC-DC 변환기나 배터리의 효율은 시스템을 구성하는 디바이스들의 종류 및 다양한 동작 패턴에 따른 전류의 시간적인 변화에 영향을 받는다. 이러한 특성은 DC-DC 변환기나 배터리의 효율을 분석하기 위해서는 다양한 부하를 가지는 실제 시스템을 구현, 응용프로그램을 수행하고, 배터리와 DC-DC 변환기를 포함한 전원 공급 회로를 연결하여 실제로 전력 소모를 측정할 것을 요구하지만, 이와 같이 실제 시스템을 구현한다는 것은 엄청난 개발 시간과 비용을 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 부하들의 전력 소모를 측정에 의해 얻어 저장하고 전원 공급 회로로부터 실제 시스템의 부하처럼 전력을 소모하도록 에뮬레이션 해줄 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 구현한 부하 에뮬레이터(load emulator)는 측정한 전력 소모 프로파일의 양을 줄이기 위해 패턴 인식 후 압축하는 알고리즘을 사용하며, 저속 대용량 능동부하(active load)와 고속 소용량 능동부하들로 이루어진 비대칭(heterogeneous) 구조로 구현함으로써 전력 소모의 양이 많고 전력 소모가 신속하게 변하는 디지털 시스템의 부하를 에뮬레이션 할 수 있게 해준다. 구현한 부하 에뮬레이터의 성능을 평가하기 위해 하드디스크의 전력 소모를 측정 및 재생하여 비교하며, 부하 에뮬레이터의 응용으로써 부하의 전력 소모 패턴에 따른 DC-DC 변환기의 효율을 검토해 보았다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.643-664
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• 1997

This study is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the most-effective treatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia based on patient preference or clinical need, and to meta-analyze the Korean literatures for the development of BPH treatment guidelines. For these analyses, extensive literature searches (208 articles), with priority given to the Korean Journal of Urology, were conducted from 1960 to August, 1996. Meta-analysis, like all statistical analysis, has two main functions: data summarization (qualitative meta-analysis) and smoothing o. pattern recognition (quantitative meta-analysis). As well, critical reviews and syntheses with the mean and 90-percent confidence intervals for the likelihood were used to evaluate empirical evidence and significant outcomes of the BPH treatment literatures (106 articles). For this task, the Methodologic Panel for BPH Guidelines was composed of multidisciplinary experts in the field. The results of the study were summarized as follows: For all that watchful waiting is an appropriate treatment strategy for the majority of patients with prostatism, we couldn't find the Korean literatures which carried this article. The literatures on alpha-1-adrenergic receptor blockers provide no evidence to suggest that any one alpha blocker is more effective than another. The finasteride reduces the size of the prostate, on average, and leads to a small yet perceptible reduction in sysptoms. Of all treatment options, prostate surgery with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP), and so on, offers the best chance for symptom improvement. However, surgery also has the highest rates of significant complications. Therefore, surgery need not always be a treatment of last resort. Balloon dilation of the prostatic urethra is clearly less effective than surgery in relieving symptoms, but it is associated with fewer complications. Emerging technologies for treating BPH include lasers, coils, stents, thermal therapy and hyperthermia. Established technologies will also be reanalyzed as results of new trials are reported. Although this study has some limitations due to lacking for good quality literatures, ' it provides a cornerstone for our medical research. It represents the most current scientific knowledge regarding the clinical epidemiology including treatment of BPH. It will be revised and updated as needed.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.221-244
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• 2004

본 연구는 동북아시아에 주로 분포하는 벚나무속, Cerasus아속 중 P. sargentii complex(산벚나무, 섬벚나무, 왕벚나무)을 중심으로, 울릉도의 고유종으로 인식되는 섬벚나무와 산벚나무의 실체, 산벚나무와 일본 P. verecunda와의 관계, 왕벚나무의 실체를 위해 형태변이를 조사하였다. 산벚나무는 총화경의 길이와 총화경에서 분지되어 나온 두 번째 소화경까지의 길이가 짧아, 산형화서에 가까운 화서인 반면, 벚나무는 총화경의 길이와 두 번째 분지하는 소화경까지의 길이가 긴 산방화서 형태로서 식별이 가능하다. 또한, 산벚나무는 동아와 어린 가지에 점착성이 있으며, 개화기에 있어서도 벚나무에 비해 다소 늦고(2주 정도), 분포에서도 주로 한국의 백두대간과 일본의 북부[북해도(北海道) (Hokkaido) 에서 본주(本州)Honshu)], 극동 러시아 지역에 분포함으로서, 백두대간 이외 주로 중부 및 남부 지방, 일본 남부와 중국 남부 등에 분포하는 벚나무와는 구별되는 종으로 인식된다. 한편, 산벚나무중 잎과 화경등 전체적으로 털이 존재하는 개체는 한국과 일본 북부에 널리 분포하는 산벚나무의 변종(P. sargentii var. verecunda, 국명:분홍벚나무)으로 처리하였다. 산벚나무의 근연 분류종인 울릉도의 섬벚나무는 화서에 꽃이 달리는 개수가 (2)3-5개로 2(3)개를 가지는 산벚나무 (34-48mm)와 다소 차이를 보이며, 꽃의 크기와 관련된 여러 형질에 있어서도 작아서(꽃의 직경 26-32 mm), 주성분분석 (PCA) 에서 매우 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 독립된 종으로 인식함과 동시에 우리 나라 고유종으로 인정하였다. 한편, 왕벚나무는 기존 기재문에 의하면 산형화서를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 식재된 개체나 혹은 자생지로 말려진 제주도에도 산형화서보다는 산방화서가 더 많은 빈도로 발견된다. 제주도에 자생하는 왕벚나무에서도 총화서의 길이에 많은 변이를 가진다는 점(즉, 산형과 산방형태 모두 존재), 잡종기원 설, 두 형태가 뚜렷한 지역간 분포의 차이를 보이지 않는 특정 등의 이유로 단순히 화서의 형태를 기준으로 한 새로운 분류군 설정은 바람직하지 않다고 판단한다.