• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2014

Salinity and drought stresses are probably the most significant abiotic factor limiting plant's growth, also negatively affect seed germination and early seedling development. To study on effect of NaCl and PEG stress on seed germination and gene expression pattern of tall fescue, the levels of NaCl and PEG-induced water stresses were determined in first experiment. Different concentration of NaCl (0 to 350 mM) and PEG (0 to 30%) were used for seed treatment. Seed Germination percentage reduced with increasing osmotic potential of growth medium either due to NaCl or PEG. Seeds were not germinate at 350 mM NaCl or 30% PEG treatment. On the basis of the results, Kentucky31(E-) had more resistant than Fawn in both stress conditions. Furthermore, we have used an annealing control primer-based differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method to identify salt- and drought stress-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tall fescue leaves. Using 120 annealing control primers, a total of 4 genes were identified and sequenced. The possible roles of the identified DEGs are discussed in the context of their putative role during salinity and drought stresses.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.239-245
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• 2001

$Al/Al_2O_3$composites were prepared from the reaction of mullite preforms and amorphous silica in aluminum melt at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. The chemical reaction between mullite preform and aluminum melt has formed the interconnected microstructure. The metal content of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite was controlled with the variable of the apparent porosity according to the sintering temperature of mullite preforms; $1600^{\circ}C$,$ 1625^{\circ}C$, $1650^{\circ}C$ and $1700^{\circ}C$, the mechanical properties of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite were investigated upon the content of Al. The mullite preform sintered above $1600^{\circ}C$ showed the chemical reaction with the penetrated Al melt, but the mullite sintered at $1600^{\circ}C$ didnt react with aluminum melt owing to the non-wetting of Al melt/mullite preform. The influences of penetration direction on the mechanical properties of composites were considered with the two different models of the perpendicular pattern and the parallel pattern to the direction of Al melt penetration. With the increase of Al metal penetration content, the fracture strength of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite decreased and the fracture toughness of composite increased. The microstructure of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite was determined by the direction of metal penetration, but the fracture strength and fracture toughness of composite didnt show the dependence on metal penetration direction.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 1982

The growth process of the Chungkook-jang that occured by utilizing such traditional methods as Bacillus natto and Bacillus subtilis method has been examined. The results of the experiment in which the changing process of elements during the storage period had been measured are as follows: 1. During the growth period, concerning any change in pH, the storage period had been declined and after 18 days pH rose above 7.0. Salt content was between $5.28{\sim}6.40%$ and Bacillus subtilis fungus showed the highest titrable acidity. 2. Moisture content was between $50.94{\sim}56.74%$ and crude protein content range was $14.44{\sim}18.60%$ indicating irregularity in pattern resulting from the testing equipment groups, whereas crude fat and crude fiber tend to decrease in general. 3. During the storage, total sugar and ethyl alcohol content in all of groups tended to decrease and after 18 days Bacillus subtilis total sugar content was the lowest. 4. Amino nitrogen and water soluble nitrogen content increased with days, but no difference was found between groups. 5. Amylase and protease activity showed irregular pattern with time, but no significant difference between groups was found.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Ga-doped ZnO thin films by RF magnetron sputtering process were synthesized according to the deposition conditions of O2 and Ar atmosphere gases, and rapid heat treatment (RTA) was performed at 600℃ in an N2 atmosphere. The thickness of the deposited ZnO : Ga thin film was measured, the crystal phase was investigated by XRD pattern analysis, and the microstructure of the thin film was observed by FE-SEM and AFM images. The intensity of the (002) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern showed a significant difference depending on the deposition conditions of the thin films formed by O2 and Ar atmosphere gas types. In the case of a single thin f ilm doped with Ga under O2 conditions, a strong diffraction peak was observed. Under O2 and Ar conditions, in the case of a multilayer thin film with Ga doping, only a peak on the (002) plane with a somewhat weak intensity was shown. In the FE-SEM image, it was observed that the grain size of the surface of the thin film slightly increased as the thickness increased. In the case of a multilayer thin film with Ga doping under O2 and Ar atmosphere conditions, the specific resistance was 6.4 × 10-4 Ω·cm. In the case of a single thin film with Ga doping under O2 atmosphere conditions, the resistance of the thin film decreased. The resistance decreased as the thickness of the Ga-doped ZnO thin film increased to 2 ㎛, showing relatively a low specific resistance of 1.0 × 10-3 Ω·cm.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.654-686
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• 2007

To estimate and analyze an interested science and technology level in any case requires three basic informations: (1) relative positions of our technology level, (2) other relevant technology level of the world best country holding the state of the art technology, and (3) its theoretical or practical maximum level within a certain period of time. Further, additional information from analyzing its respective rate of technology changes is necessary. It seems that most previous empirical or case studies on technology level have not considered third and fourth informations seriously, and thus critically have missed important findings from a dynamic point of view on the matter. A dynamic approach considering types of development processes and paths as well as current position needs an application of a concept of technology development stages and respective growth curves. This paper proposes a new method of approach and application by implementing relatively simple types of the growth curve(S-curve) such as logistic and Comports curves and applying estimation results of these curves to ten core technologies of the growth engines for the next future generation in Korea. The study implies that Korean science and technology level in general clearly gets higher as it approaches to a recent time of period, but relative technology gap from the world best in terms of catching-up period does not get better or narrower in case of at least part of the concerned technologies such as bio new drugs and human organs, and intelligence robots. The possibility does exist that some of our concerned technologies shooting for the next future generation may not come to the world highest level in the near future. The purpose of this study is to propose possibilities of catching-up, if any, by estimating its relevant type of growth pattern by way of measuring and analyzing technology level and by analyzing the technology development process through a position analysis. At this stage this study tries to introduce a new theoretical approach of estimating technology level and its application to existing case study results(data) from Korea Institute of Science and Technology Planning and Evaluation(KISTEP) and Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Evaluation and Planing(ITEP), for years of 2004 and 2006 respectively. The study has some limitations in terms of accuracy of measuring(estimating) a relevant growth curve to a particular technology, feasibility of applying estimated results, accessing and analyzing panel experts opinions. Hence, it is recommended that further study would follow soon enough to verify practical applicability and possible expansion of the study results.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 2022

Recently, data production has seen explosive growth, and the storage systems to store these big data safely and quickly is evolving in various ways. A typical configuration of storage systems is the use of SSDs with fast data processing speed as a RAID group that can maintain reliable data. However, since NAND flash memory, which composes SSD, has the feature that deterioration if writes more than a certain number of times are repeated, can increase the likelihood of simultaneous failure on multiple SSDs in a RAID group. And this can result in serious reliability problems that data cannot be recovered. Thus, in order to solve this problem, we propose a method of throttling IOs so that each SSD within a RAID group leads to a different life-end. The technique proposed in this paper utilizes SMART to control the state of each SSD and the number of IOs allocated according to the data pattern used step by step. In addition, this method has the advantage of preventing large amounts of concurrency defects in RAID because it induces differential lifetime finishes of SSDs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.838-843
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to examine growth performance and meat quality by three different feeding patterns in Korean native cattle (KNC). In each of 3 years, fifteen KNC were randomly assigned in a (3 feeding management)${\times}$(3 sex) factorial design experiment; thus, in total, there were 5 animals in each of the 9 treatments. The three feeding management treatments were longterm (24 month) restriction feeding (LTFR), long-term restriction feeding-hormone implant (LTFR-tH), and short-term (18 month) nonrestriction feeding (STFNR). Three sexes were bull, steer, and heifer. Concentrate diet was fed restriction-feeding method based on body weight in LTFR and LTFR-tH. However, the diet was fed ad libitum in STFNR. Hormonal implantation was made three times with M-$PO^{TM}$ for bulls and with F-$TO^{TM}$ for heifers at 18, 20, 22 month of age in LTFR-tH. Animal were purchased from the local cattle market and managed in two local farms and at the university research unit. Animals were slaughtered at 24 months for long-term trial and at 18 month for short-term trial. The growth rate was the highest in bulls and the lowest in heifers. However, the differences were diminished in F-$TO^{TM}$ implanted heifers. The average daily gain was high in STFNR due to ad libitum feeding. The carcass grade was similar among the treatments on percentage bases. Hormonal implants improved significantly the meat quality grade in all sexes. Castration increased body fat content and improved meat quality grade by intramuscular fat deposition. In conclusion, long-term feeding and hormone treatment increased meat quality grade more than short-term feeding. However, ADG was higher in the short-term trial although feedefficiency was lower.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

The warming of water as a result of climate change affects fish habitat. Variations in water temperature affect fish physiology almost totally. The rise in water temperature due to climate change leads to hypoxia following decreased oxygen solubility and decreased binding capacity of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin. This study was conducted to evaluate the health status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry at elevated water temperatures($20^{\circ}C$) compared with optimum water temperature ($15^{\circ}C$). The method facilitated the detection of biomarker genes using NGS RNAseq analysis and evaluation of their expression pattern using RT-qPCR analysis. The biomarker genes included interferon alpha-inducible protein 27-like protein 2A transcript variant X3, protein L-Myc-1b-like, placenta growth factor-like transcript variant X1, fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 transcript variant X1, transferrin, intelectin, thioredoxin-like, c-type lectin lectoxin-Thr1-like, ladderlectin-like and calponin-1. The selected biomarker genes were sensitive to changes in water temperature based on NGS RNAseq analysis. The expression patterns of these genes based on RT-qPCR were similar to those of NGS RNAseq analysis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1981

Trichoxanthes Kirilowii with high starch-content was investigated to utilize as a food source. The weight and starch content of Trichoxanthes Kirilowii roots increased rapid1y in proporion to the growth period. The seasonal variations of the starch content were $36.5{\sim}48.0%$ (dry basis) from June to December. The chemical properties of natural growth soils of Trichoxanthes Kirilowii contained more organic matter and total nitrogen content than citrus orchard soils, but less mineral; P,K,Ca and Mg. To prepare starch with the plant root, the centrifugal method(3,000 rpm, 20 min) obtained the highest yield. The industrial-scale method, was similar to the processing of sweetpotato starch (tank precipitation method), and was good in quality. The starch granules were mainly spherical with diameters ranging from $5{\sim}16{\mu}$. The density of the starch was 1.535 and amylose content was about 26.7%. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the granules were of the B-type. The blue value of starch, amylose and amylopectin was 0.46, 0.80 and 0.18, respectively. The starch contained 0.05% ash, 0.35% crude protein and 34 mg% phosphorus. and had an inital pasting temperature of $63.5^{\circ}C$. The color intensity of the starch which iodine gave rise to absorption maxima at 670nm. The starch paste showed high stability during cold storage at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.476-484
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of closed cultivation and open cultivation method and substrate type on the nutrient ion change pattern and growth of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) 'Scirocco' according to the reuse of drainage in hydroponics. The sowing, transplanting, and application of the closed and open cultivation method were carried out on August 19 and September 16, and October 21, 2021, respectively. As a result of the analysis of nutrients in the drainage, Na⁺ and Cl^- are representative ions that crops do not absorb properly, and as the growth progresses, they are accumulated in the closed method. In addition, since the content of NH₄-N in the drainage is significantly lower than that of NO₃-N, it is thought that NH₄-N is preferentially absorbed rather than NO₃-N due to the ion selectivity of sweet pepper. The growth and fruit characteristics of sweet pepper did not differ significantly between treatments according to the drainage reuse and the type of substrate. In conclusion, if you take care of poor fruiting due to the weakening of power after the middle period in hydroponic cultivation of sweet pepper according to the cultivation method of closed and open, and the substrate type of coir and rock wool, the difference between treatments is not large, so the sweet pepper can be produced by selecting the cultivation methods and substrate types suitable for the conditions of grower. However, as interest in environmental pollution has recently increased, it is judged that there is no need to worry about a decrease in quantity or quality, even if a closed cultivation method is adopted under the assumption that pathogen infection due to drainage reuse is well managed. It is expected that if coir is applied instead of rock wool, which causes a problem of disposal, it will further contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution.