• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.645-656
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• 2001

The relationship between socio-economic status and food and nutrient consumption patterns was studied in 7,370 Koreans aged 20 years and older in the 1995 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rapid economic growth on food and nutrient consumption for Korean adults in the last 30 years. Monthly household income, and individual's educational level and occupation were chosen as variables of socio-economic status for individuals. A one day 24 hour recall method was used for the dietary survey. One way analysis of varience was adopted to test tole association between socio-economic variables and food and nutrient consumption patterns. Individuals who had a high socio-economic status had significantly higher daily intake of most of the nutrients including calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$which reached above the recommended dietary allowances(RDA) and a higher percentage energy consumption from fat. In addition, individual who belonged to a low socio-economic status consumed less animal foods, including meat, egg, milk and consumed low proportion of energy from fat. The results suggest that in spite of rapid economic growth during the last 30 years in Korea, individuals who belonged to low sorio-economic status categories are still nutritionally vulnerable. Among the sorio-economic variables, income and education except occupation were the influential factors on the food and nutrient consumption of Koreans. Therefore, nutrition policy should focus on influencing the dietary patterns of lower social class individuals to improve the health status of the population as a whole.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.109-113
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• 1966

By the micro-bioassay method, quantitative studies were made on the increment of body weight and changes in free-lysine and threonine contents in the liver and plasm of rats, when they were fed on sucrose diet added with 0.3% DL-methionine, 0.36% DL-threonine and 0.1% L-tryptophane. The results of the experiment were as follows: (1) The weight gain and growth gain of rats decreased more when they were fed on 0.36% DL-threonine diet (Sth-group) than 0.3% DL-methionine diet (Sm-group). But those gain were increased when they were fed on 0.1% L-tryptophane diet (Str-group). (2) The contents of free-lysine and threonine in plasm and liver of rats were decreased more when they were fed on 0. 36% DL-threonine diet than 0.3% DL-methionine diet. And, those free amino acids were increased greatly when they were fed on 0.1% L-tryptophane diet. (3) The increment of body weight was the biggest when the free amino acid pattern showed that the contents of free-lysine decreased and threonine increased in the plasm and liver of rats being fed on 0.l% L-tryptophane diet.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.93-98
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• 2002

The effect of bonding misfit on single crystallization of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonded joints of single crystal superalloy CMSX-2 was investigated using MBF-80 insert metal. The bonding misfit was defined by (100) twist angle (rotating angle) at bonded interface. TLP bonding of specimens was carried out at 1523K for 1.8ks in vacuum. The post-bond heat treatment consisted of the solution and sequential two step aging treatment was conducted in the Ar atmosphere. The crystallographic orientation analysis across the TLP bonded joints was conducted three dimensionally using the electron back scattering pattern (EBSP) method. EBSP analyses f3r the bonded and post bonded heat treated specimens were conducted. All bonded joints had misorientation centering around the bonded interface for as-bonded and post-bond heat treated specimens with rotating angle. The average misorientation angle between both solid phases in bonded interlayer was almost identical to the rotating angle at bonded interface. HRTEM observation revealed that the atom arrangement of both solid phases in bonded interlayer was quite different across the bonded interface. It followed that grain boundary was formed in bonded interface. It was confirmed that epitaxial growth of the solid phase occurred from the base metal substrates during TLP bonding and single crystallization could not be achieved in joints with rotating angle.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2009

Life history of Korean crayfishes Cambaroides similis (Koelbel) was studied 8 month from March to October, 2006 from the Gwanak mountain, Seoul, South Korea. By capture and recapture method, 551 crayfishes were collected analyzed during the experimental period. Based on the distribution pattern of body lengths, the local population putatively divided into four age groups. The sex ratio of male and female was almost equal. However, their growth rates varied by water temperature. Early juveniles seen during June became adult during August. The study findings suggest that late autumn is mating season.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.479-487
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the progression of Cobb's angle of middle school students according to the Risser grade changes during a one-year follow up period, and to identify the prevalence rate and related factors regarding scoliosis. Method: A total of 2,124 middle school students were preliminarily screened by the Adam's forward bending test. Among them, 21 adolescents diagnosed with scoliosis (above 5Cobb's angle) by X-Raying were the subjects and followed up for checking Cobb's angle and the Risser grade for one year. Results: The overall prevalence of scoliosis in middle school students was 2.13% and the prevalence in girls was higher than in boys. The Cobb's angle was significantly high in seniors and girls. The cases in low angle and low Risser grade demonstrated significant changes in progressive Cobb's angle compared to the cases in high angle and high Risser grade after one-year. But gender and pattern of curvature were not significantly different from the changes scoliosis angle after one-year. Conclusion: Based on these study results, juniors in low Risser grade were inclined to aggravate scoliosis despite the low degree of curvature at the first measurement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.711-720
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• 2003

Bakground : Complete resection by the surgery has been selected as the treatment of choice in lung cancer patients, but in cases of recurrence after excision or inoperable cases, the importance of anticancer chemotherapy has been emphasized. If one can select a set of the sensitive chemotherapeutic agents before anticancer chemotherapy, it will give more favourable results. Subrenal capsular assay has been recognized as a useful in-vivo chemosensitivity test of thoracic and abdominal tumors and it can be done in a short time for a rapid interpretation of tumor responsiveness to anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It has been reported that various kinds of cancer cells can be implantable to the kidney, but so far there is no comparative study of xenogeneic cell implantation on liver, spleen and kidney. The author implanted the human lung cancer cells under the capsule of S.D rat's liver, spleen and kidney respectively and compared the pattern of growth and histology. Material and Method: After incubation of human lung cancer cell line (SW-900 G IV) in RPMI 1640 (Leibovitz L-15 medium) culture media, 3${\times}$3${\times}$3 mm size fibrin clots which contain 108 cancer cells were made. Thereafter the fibrin clots were implanted at subcapsule area of liver, spleen and kidney of S.D. female rat. For immune suppression, cyclosporin-A (80 mg/Kg) was injected subcutaneously daily from post-implantation first day to sixth day. The body weight was measured at pre and post implantation periods. The growth pattern and the size of tumor mass were observed and the pathologic examination and serum tumor marker tests were performed. Result: Body weight increased in both of control and experimental groups. Serum Cyfra 21-1 was not detected. Serum levels of CEA and NSE revealed no significant change. The SCC-Ag increased significantly in implanted group. The growth rate of human lung cancer cells which was implanted on spleen was higher than on liver or kidney. The surface area, thickness, and volume of tumor mass were predominant at spleen. The success rates of implantation were 80% on kidney, 76.7% on spleen and 43.3% on liver. Pathologic examination of implanted tumors showed characteristic findings according to different organs. Tumors that were implanted on kidney grew in a round shape, small and regular pattern. In the spleen, tumors grew well and microscopic neovascularization and tumor thrombi were also found, but the growth pattern was irregular representing frequent daughter mass. Human lung cancer cells that were implanted in the liver, invaded to the liver parenchyme, and had low success rate of implantation. Microscopically, coagulation necrosis and myxoid fibrous lesion were observed. Conclusion: The success rate of implantation was highest in the kidney. And the mass revealed regular growth that could be measured easily. The SCC-Ag was presented earlier than CEA or Cyfra21-1. The Cyfra21-1 was not detected at early time after implantation. The best model for tumor implantation experiment for chemosensitivity test was subrenal capsular analysis than liver and spleen and the useful serum tumor marker in early period of implantation was the SCC-Ag.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.619-623
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• 1991

To investigate nisin production and resistance of Lactococcus lactis ssp. tactis ML (L. lactis $ML_8$, effects of medium, pH of culture broth, and cell growth on the nisin activity, and effect of nisin with or without $Ca^[2+}$ ion on the growth of L. lactzs were analyzed. In the bio-assay of nisin by the agar diffusion method, inhibition-zone diameter of Micrococcus Javus was propotional to the logarithm of nisin concentration ranged 0.5~20 unitlml (12.5~500 ng/mf). Nisin activity of the pasteurized culture filtrates of L. lactis MLs was high at pH 2!3 but was inactivated completely at pH over 6.0. Nisin production of the L. lactis $ML_8$ cultured on LTB broth increased at late logarithmic phase and reached 10.5 unitlml after 16 hr. The cell growth of L. lactis LM 0230, a plasmid free and nisin sensitive strain, was inhibited on agar medium containing 7 unitlrnl of nisin, while L. lactis $ML_8$ showed high survival ability at 20 unitld of nisin. When 40 mM $Ca^[2+}$ ion was added to Elliker broth with 8 unitlml of nisin, the growth pattern of L. lactis $ML_8$ was similiar to that on control medium which did not contain nisin and $Ca^[2+}$ ion, and this suggested that $Ca^[2+}$ increased the nisin resistance of the L. lactis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 1992

This study was performed for the purpose of investigating the relation between width of temporomandibular joint space and craniofacial morphology in patients with CMDs. The subjects utilized here were aged from 16 to 63 years old and 19 male and 46 female. For the study, each patient was taken radiographs by Transcranial and Lateral Cephalographic projection and the films were traced with routine method. The measured items were anterior, superior, posterior joint space and relative condylar position to the deepest part of glenoid fossa in Transcranial film and items related vertical and/or horizontal growth in Cephalogram. The data were processed with SPSS/PC+ package for statistical analysis. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Anterior joint space in affected side were wider than that of unaffected side, but for superior and posterior joint space, the value of unaffected side were more than those of affected side. 2. Superior or posterior joint space of affected side were significantly correlated with items related vertical growth, such as ramus height, Jarabak ratio, FMA. From this, the following cold be proposed, the wider the joint space of superior or posterior aspect of affected side was, the more the patient showed growth pattern of counter clockwise. 3. Superior or posterior joint space of affected side were significantly correlated with items related horizontal growth, such as SNPo, NAPo, APDI and ANB. From this the following could be proposed, the wider the joint space of superior or posterior aspect of affected side was, the more the patient showed anterior displacement of mandible. 4. It would be proposed that the diagnositic value of superior and posterior joint space of affected side in transcranial radiograph was excellent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1998

The maize mitochondrial mutant (NCS2) is derived from homologous recombination between genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 and subunit 6. Plants from mitochondria mutants exhibited severe related growth and development including dwarfism and striping on the leaves. Aborted embryos from NCS2 mutants have been rescued and cultured on the N6 medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1 mg/l. Most calli from NCS2 aborted embryos showed slow growing pattern at first stage. However, upon continuous culturing them on the medium, those were segregated into mutant and normal callus lines. These segregations could be detected by using PCR method with three primers. Such segregation seems to be resulted from the preferential growth of normal cells over the mutant cells on the normal culture condition. Therefore, this method can be used for determining rate of indirect cytoplasmic segregation by estimating amplified band intensities. When NCS2 mutant callus lines cultured on regeneration medium, no adventitious shoot induction was observed. However, callus lines with more mitochondria induced adventitious shoots. These studies suggest that mitochondria NADH-dehydrogenase for electron transport in the inner membrane of mitochondria is essential for the differentiation and development of plants.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 2011

An exhibition is defined as market events for specific duration to present exhibitors' main products to business or private visitors, and it plays a key role as effective marketing channels. As the importance of exhibition is getting more and more, domestic exhibition industry has achieved such a great quantitative growth. But, In contrast to the quantitative growth of domestic exhibition industry, the qualitative growth of Exhibition has not achieved competent growth. In order to improve the quality of exhibition, we need to understand the preference or behavior characteristics of visitors and to increase the level of visitors' attention and satisfaction through the understanding of visitors. So, in this paper, we used the observation survey method which is a kind of field research to understand visitors and collect the real data for the analysis of behavior pattern. And this research proposed the following methodology framework consisting of three steps. First step is to select a suitable exhibition to apply for our method. Second step is to implement the observation survey method. And we collect the real data for further analysis. In this paper, we conducted the observation survey method to obtain the real data of the KIDS & EDU EXPO for Children in SETEC. Our methodology was conducted on 160 visitors and 78 booths from November 4th to 6th in 2010. And, the last step is to analyze the record data through observation. In this step, we analyze the feature of exhibition using Demographic Characteristics collected by observation survey method at first. And then we analyze the individual booth features by the records of visited booth. Through the analysis of individual booth features, we can figure out what kind of events attract the attention of visitors and what kind of marketing activities affect the behavior pattern of visitors. But, since previous research considered only individual features influenced by exhibition, the research about the correlation among features is not performed much. So, in this research, additional analysis is carried out to supplement the existing research with data mining techniques. And we analyze the relation among booths using data mining techniques to know behavior patterns of visitors. Among data mining techniques, we make use of two data mining techniques, such as clustering analysis and ARM(Association Rule Mining) analysis. In clustering analysis, we use K-means algorithm to figure out the correlation among booths. Through data mining techniques, we figure out that there are two important features to affect visitors' behavior patterns in exhibition. One is the geographical features of booths. The other is the exhibit contents of booths. Those features are considered when the organizer of exhibition plans next exhibition. Therefore, the results of our analysis are expected to provide guideline to understanding visitors and some valuable insights for the exhibition from the earlier phases of exhibition planning. Also, this research would be a good way to increase the quality of visitor satisfaction. Visitors' movement paths, booth location, and distances between each booth are considered to plan next exhibition in advance. This research was conducted at the KIDS & EDU EXPO for Children in SETEC(Seoul Trade Exhibition & Convention), but it has some constraints to be applied directly to other exhibitions. Also, the results were derived from a limited number of data samples. In order to obtain more accurate and reliable results, it is necessary to conduct more experiments based on larger data samples and exhibitions on a variety of genres.