• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2003

This study employed two PCR-based 16S rDNA approaches, amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), to characterize the bacterial community structure in groundwater. Samples were collected from groundwater for the use by private residences, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes, in Ansan City. Each PCR product was obtained by PCR with eubacteria 16S rDNA and variable V3 region specific primer sets. After amplification, the 16S rDNA PCR products were digested with 4-base site specific restriction endonucleases, and the restriction pattern analyzed. The genetic diversity and similarity of the groundwater bacterial community was analyzed by eubacteria universal primer sets for the amplification of variable V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rDNA. The result of the bacterial community analysis, by ARDRA and DGGE, revealed the same pattern. The highest diversity was found in groundwater from site G1, which was used in residences. In the DGGE profile, a high intensity band was sequenced, and revealed to be Pseudomonas sp. strain P51.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.625-632
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• 2004

This study presents the NDE (non-destructive evaluation) technique for detecting the loosened bolts on joint steel structures on the basis of TOF (time of flight) and amplitudes of Lamb waves. Probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique which is an effective tool for pattern classification problem was applied to the damage estimation using PZT induced Lamb waves. Two kinds of damages were introduced by dominant damages (DD) which mean loosened bolts within the Lamb waves beam width and minor damages (MD) which mean loosened bolts out of the Lamb waves beam width. They were investigated for the establishment of the optimal decision boundaries which divide each damage class's region including the intact class. In this study, the applicability of the probabilistic neural networks was identified through the test results for the damage cases within and out of wave beam path. It has been found that the present methods are very efficient and reasonable in predicting the loosened bolts on the joint steel structures probabilistically.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2003

Typhoon Rusa passed over the East China Sea and crossed over the Korea Peninsula on August 31, 2002. The core of the typhoon passed directly over a data buoy mooring site at ($127^{\circ}45'E,\;34^{\circ}25'\;N$) and several ARGOS-tracked drifters capable of measuring salinity. Peak hourly mean wind speed reached 28 m/s at the mooring site and wind pattern in the East China Sea changed from southerly wind to northwesterly wind after the typhoon passage. Two or three days before the typhoon tile drifter displacement changed significantly and the region-wide circulation pattern changed from a northeastward current to a westward current one week after the typhoon had passed. The surface water in the East China Sea was cooled to about $4^{\circ}C$ under the typhoon core and a general cooling occurred in most of the East China Sea with the exception of the Chinese coast. The salinity as observed by the drifters in the East China Sea increased about 2 psu but the near-shore water along the Korean coast observed by the mooring was freshened about 3 psu. The freshening of near-shore water was caused by an intrusion of off-shore water rather than local freshening by typhoon precipitation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2010

The characteristics of insect communities in specific localities reflect climatic and environmental status and change. We investigated the description pattern of new insect species by reviewing announcements of new or newly recorded insects in Korea published in five systematic journals between 1999 and 2009: Entomological Research (1999-2009), Insect Koreana (1999-2003), Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology (1999-2009), Korean Journal of Applied Entomology (1999-2009), and Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology (1999-2009). A total of 757 new species were reported in 299 research papers. More than 85% of the newly described or reported species belonged to four orders: Coleoptera (225 species), Lepidoptera (202 species), Hymenoptera (141 species), and Diptera (82 species). The number of new species fluctuated from year to year, and a few major authors described most species. The graph of the cumulative number of species described in Korea was not asymptotic. We also examined the decadal trends in the proportion of species according to their biogeographical origin. The numbers of northern (Palearctic and Nearctic) and southern (Oriental) species recorded in Korea between 1999 and 2009 were increasing mainly due to the recent taxonomic research environment. It is also possible that recent climatic change induces new migrants toKorea from more southern parts of Oriental region, but more information is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2018

This study investigates synoptic characteristics of cold surges over South Korea during winter season (December-February). A total of 63 cold events are selected by quantile regression analysis using daily mean temperature observations from 11 KMA stations for 38 years (1979/80-2016/17). Large-scale pressure pattern during the cold surges is well characterized by high over Siberia and low over Aleutian regions, which elucidates cold advection over the Korean peninsula. However, the large-scale pattern cannot successfully explain the observed sudden decrease of temperature during the cold surges. Composite analyses reveal that a synoptic-scale cyclone developing over the northern Japan is a key feature that significantly contribute to the enhancement of cold advection by increasing pressure gradient over the Korean peninsula. Enhanced sensible and latent heat fluxes are observed over the southern ocean of Korea and Japan during the cold surges due to temperature and humidity differences between the near surface and the lower atmosphere over the ocean. The evaporated water vapor transported toward the center of the surface cyclone and condenses in the lower-to-middle troposphere. The released energy likely promotes the development of the surface cyclone by inducing positive PV near the surface of the heating region.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.575-585
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• 2020

In this numerical study, the 2D dynamic behavior of a clayey basin and its effect on damage pattern over basin edge are investigated. To attain this goal, a fully nonlinear time domain analysis method has been applied. Then, the fragility curves of the considered two typical industrial structures for that certain point are estimated using the acceleration time histories recorded at each surface point. The results show that the use of the damage related parameters in site effect analyses, instead of amplification curves, can yield more realistic estimation of the basin dynamic response. In a distance about 150 m from outcrop at the basin edge, the differences between fragility curves increase when increasing the distance from outcrop with respect to the reference rock site. Outside this region and towards the basin center, they tend to occur in rather single curves. Furthermore, to connect the structural damage to the basin edge effect, the earthquake demand value at different points for two typical structures was evaluated. It was seen that the probability of occurrence of damage increases over 250 m from outcrop, while the effect of the basin edge was limited to 150 m in case of the basin edge evaluation by using fragility curves.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to report the improvement of a patient with nummular eczema treated by herbal medication based on the Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS). Methods: According to the Shanghanlun DPIDS, the patient was diagnosed with Reverting yin disease (provision 351), and was administered Danggwihweyeok-tang for 30 days. The result of administration was evaluated by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: After administration of Danggwihweyeok-tang for 30 days, the DLQI decreased from 18 to 0 and the VAS decreased from 10 to 1. Conclusions: The affected skin region recovered. This case report suggests that the words "厥" and "細" in the 351st Shanghanlun provision refer to physical and internal causes of nummular eczema.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.292-296
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• 2008

A new method of evaluating critical damage values of commercial materials is presented in this paper. The method is based on the previous study of the methodology [1] of acquisition of true stress-strain curves or flow stress curves over large strain from the tensile test in which the flow stress is described by the Hollomon law-like form, that is, by the strain dependent strength coefficient and the strain hardening exponent. The strain hardening exponent is calculated from the true strain at the necking point to meet the Considere condition. The strength coefficient is assumed to be constant before necking and represented by a piecewise linear function of strain after necking. With the predicted flow stress, a tensile test is simulated by a rigid-plastic finite element method with higher accuracy of less than 0.5% error between experiments and predictions. The instant when the fracture begins and thus the critical damage is obtained is determined by observing the stress variation at the necked region. It is assumed that the fracture due to damage begins when the pattern of stress around the necked region changes radically. The method is applied to evaluate the critical damage of a low carbon steel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.410.1-410.1
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• 2016

Vanadium dioxide ($VO_2$) is a well-known material that exhibits a metal-semiconductor transition at 340 K, with drastic change of transmittance at NIR region. However, $VO_2$ based thermochromics accompany with low visible transmittance value and unfavorable color (brownish yellow). Herein, we demonstrate the adjustment of visible transmittance of $VO_2$ thin film by nanosphere template assisted patterning process using sol-gel method. 2-Dimenstional honeycomb shape was varied as function of diameter of nanosphere and coating conditions. The morphological geometry of the films was investigated by FE-SEM and AFM. Result shows that inversed shape of nanosphere was formed clearly and pattern width was altered according to the bead size. This structure creates the geometrical blank area from the position of nanosphere which improves the optical transmittance at the visible region. Moreover, such patterned $VO_2$ thin film not only maintains the optical switching efficiency, but also generate the gorgeous scattering effect which presumably support the glazing application.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2016

Ten microsporidian isolates from Samia cynthia ricini, and Antheraea assamensis in India along with a Nosema reference strain (NIK-1s_mys) from B. mori India were characterised morphologically and molecular based tools. The test isolates observed elongated oval in shape while reference strain was oval and ranging from 3.80 to 4.90 m in length and 2.60 to 3.05 m in width. The ribosomal DNA region 'IGS' of test isolates assessed by PCR amplification, followed by cloning and sequencing. IGS sequence and phylogenetic analysis of test microsporidian isolates showed very close relationship with three Nosema references species: N. philosamia, N. antheraea isolated from Philosamia cynthia ricini and Antheraea perny in China respectively and N. disstriae from Malacosma disstriae in Canada. The clustering pattern of dendogram reveals all test isolates appear distinct from Nosema std. (NIK-1s_mys) India used as reference strain in the study. The result suggests IGS indeed a suitable and highly applicable molecular tool for identifying and characterise the microsporidian isolates in similar population.