• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.1184-1191
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• 2016

This paper introduces the development of a transient monitoring system to detect the early stage of a transient, to identify the type of the transient scenario, and to inform an operator with the remaining time to turbine trip when there is no operator's relevant control. This study focused on the transients originating from a secondary system in nuclear power plants (NPPs), because the secondary system was recognized to be a more dominant factor to make unplanned turbine-generator trips which can ultimately result in reactor trips. In order to make the proposed methodology practical forward, all the transient scenarios registered in a simulator of a 1,000 MWe pressurized water reactor were archived in the transient pattern database. The transient patterns show plant behavior until turbine-generator trip when there is no operator's intervention. Meanwhile, the operating data periodically captured from a plant computer is compared with an individual transient pattern in the database and a highly matched section among the transient patterns enables isolation of the type of transient and prediction of the expected remaining time to trip. The transient pattern database consists of hundreds of variables, so it is difficult to speedily compare patterns and to draw a conclusion in a timely manner. The transient pattern database and the operating data are, therefore, converted into a smaller dimension using the principal component analysis (PCA). This paper describes the process of constructing the transient pattern database, dealing with principal components, and optimizing similarity measures.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2007

To identify the spatial distribution pattern of water quality in Masan Bay, Pearson's correlation as a common statistic method and Moran's I as a spatial autocorrelation statistics were applied to the hydrological data seasonally collected from Masan Bay for two years ($2004{\sim}2005$). Spatial distribution of salinity, DO and silicate among the hydrological parameters clustered strongly while chlorophyll a distribution displayed a weak clustering. When the similarity matrix of Moran's I was compared with correlation matrix of Pearson's r, only the relationships of temperature vs. salinity, temperature vs. silicate and silicate vs. total inorganic nitrogen showed significant correlation and similarity of spatial clustered pattern. Considering Pearson's correlation and the spatial autocorrelation results, water quality distribution patterns of Masan Bay were conceptually simplified into four types. Based on the simplified types, Moran's I and Pearson's r were compared respectively with spatial distribution maps on salinity and silicate with a strong clustered pattern, and with chlorophyll a having no clustered pattern. According to these test results, spatial distribution of the water quality in Masan Bay could be summed up in four patterns. This summation should be developed as spatial index to be linked with pollutant and ecological indicators for coastal health assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.62-74
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyse the process of development and verification of 'National Competency Standards' of Hanbok production, which was carried out in 2013 for the fashion industry. As the result of this research, the definition of the duty in Hanbok production is 'to conduct a series of step-by-step processes of planning and developing fabric and design, then making pattern, cutting fabric and sewing.' The competency unit for Hanbok production is analyzed in 10 categories: analysis of market trends, design plan, production and manipulation of fabric, production process plan, sample making, pattern making, cutting out, sewing, finishing sewing, inspection of the product quality. Competency unit elements of each competency unit are as follows. 1) analysis of market trends: to research market trend resources, to analyse consumers' buying trend, to analyse industry changes, 2) design plan: to develop design, to plan fabrication, to draw flats, 3) production and manipulation of fabric: to develop fabric planning, to prepare fabric manipulation, to conduct fabric manipulation, 4) production process plan: to grasp design, to plan sewing method, to prepare a specification sheet, 5) sample making: to make a sample pattern, to cut sample fabrics, to sew sample, to finish sample making, 6) pattern making: to measure body, to make production pattern, to adjust production pattern, 7) cutting out: to care fabrics, to lay out patterns, to cut out fabrics, 8) sewing: to sew a garment, to sew a lining, to attach a lining, 9) finishing sewing: to neaten edges, to attach trims, to press to finish, 10) inspection of the product quality: to confirm correspondence with the specification sheet, to inspect appearance.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Consumption value has widened, not only in functional but also aesthetic aspects, and consumers have started to find products that are more individual and emotional. The pattern of natural motifs meets the needs of consumers, and the marble is also widely used in patterns as one of the natural motifs. In this study, we analyzed many fashion items and other products with marble patterns based on the elements of CMF design, which are important points in merchandise design. For research, data on marble and its patterns have been found in professional books about marble. Foreign and domestic cases were investigated from well-known design exhibitions. Results of the study demonstrate the potential for pattern representation that stimulates consumers' senses by using color or material to express a variety of visual patterns, and using many finishing methods to express textured patterns. However, most of the domestic cases have only imitated the visual features of marble patterns, and very few have expanded the scope of the use of the patterns. A domestic research study was conducted only on the chemical features of marble, while research on the color and design of the visual aspects has been conducted passively. Therefore, This study will attribute designers to come up with creative pattern design and secure many consumers. Above all, we hope that the expansion of material representations will help designers break away from today's stereotypes of the characteristics of the materials and emotional expression.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 2023

In the diverse modern era, individuals are actively striving to develop and demonstrate their capabilities . As a means of cultivating interest in hanbok and differentiatedabilities , there exists a national qualification verification for hanbok technician. This study focuses on using Saekdong-jeogori pattern that is suitable for design and allows for accurate pattern production in a short time for beginners taking the practical test for hanbok technicians. We analyzed five experimental Saekdong-jeogori patterns, from which the final patterns for research were derived through appearance tests on the first table evaluation and the second outfit evaluation. The Saekdong-jeogori pattern-1 for research utilized the body values presented by beginners taking the hanbok technician qualification verification, while the rest were calculated or applied using equivalents. The godae point and armhole depth were calculated based on the chest circumference, and the armhole curve, sleeve shape, doryeon line, and sleeve-end were drawn, regardless of the changes in the figures, using equal parts. The Saekdong-jeogori pattern-2 provided activity by vertically lowering the side line from the end of the armhole, and the keotseop line was drawn by moving 1 cm from the width of the Kit to the armhole line. The seopko was raised 0.2 cm from the keotseop reference line and0.2cm , and was supplemented by its connection to a natural curve.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

In the summer of 2018, the Korea-Japan (KJ) region experienced an extremely severe and prolonged heatwave. This study examines the GloSea6 model's prediction performance for the 2018 KJ heatwave event and investigates how its prediction skill is related to large-scale circulation patterns identified by the k-means clustering method. Cluster 1 pattern is characterized by a KJ high-pressure anomaly, Cluster 2 pattern is distinguished by an Eastern European high-pressure anomaly, and Cluster 3 pattern is associated with a Pacific-Japan pattern-like anomaly. By analyzing the spatial correlation coefficients between these three identified circulation patterns and GloSea6 predictions, we assessed the contribution of each circulation pattern to the heatwave lifecycle. Our results show that the Eastern European high-pressure pattern, in particular, plays a significant role in predicting the evolution of the development and peak phases of the 2018 KJ heatwave approximately two weeks in advance. Furthermore, this study suggests that an accurate representation of large-scale atmospheric circulations in upstream regions is a key factor in seasonal forecast models for improving the predictability of extreme weather events, such as the 2018 KJ heatwave.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.112-116
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• 2013

Surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT) with 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3GTO) in mild methanol/water mixture has been investigated in detail. The influence of reaction conditions (including silane concentration in feed, reaction time and reaction temperature) on the grafting amount and yield of silane, and further on the grafting pattern of silanes was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET. Higher silane concentration, longer reaction time and higher reaction temperature are all benefit to higher grafting amount. When the grafting reaction was performed with 3 mmol/g silane concentration, at $90^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, the grafted amount and yield of silane reached 1.4443 mmol/g and 30%, respectively. Based on the XRD and BET data analysis, a speculation that the grafting pattern of silanes was concentration dependence was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.339-339
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• 2010

Photo-assisted wet chemical etching of GaN thin film was studied using KOH based solutions. A $2{\mu}m-2{\mu}m$ titanium line-and-space pattern was used as a etching mask. It is found that the etching characteristics of the GaN thin film is strongly dependent on the pattern direction by unisotropic property of KOH based solution. When the pattern was aligned to the [$11\bar{2}0$] directions, ($10\bar{1}n$)-facet is revealed constructing V-shaped sidewalls.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2006

Leptocephali of the genus Saurenchelys in the family Nettastomatidae were collected from the coastal area of Pohang, Korea and described as the first record from Korean waters. S. stylura and S. lateromaculatus are characterized by two intestinal swellings, the pattern of pigments in the notochord, and by smaller pectoral fins than those of other genus. They are very similar to each other but they are distinguished by the pattern of pigments in the notochord and the intestinal swellings.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1994

In this paper, the robustness of the artificial neural networks to noise is demonstrated with a multilayer perceptron, and the reason of robustness is due to the statistical orthogonality among hidden nodes and its hierarchical information extraction capability. Also, the misclassification probability of a well-trained multilayer perceptron is derived without any linear approximations when the inputs are contaminated with random noises. The misclassification probability for a noisy pattern is shown to be a function of the input pattern, noise variances, the weight matrices, and the nonlinear transformations. The result is verified with a handwritten digit recognition problem, which shows better result than that using linear approximations.