• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

A sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disorder that has a predilection for pulmonary involvement, and the common radiological findings for the disease are bilateral nodular or reticulonodular patterns. Pseudoalveolar sarcoidosis is a rare presentation of sarcoidosis. The radiological finding is an alveolar pattern that involves or compresses the alveoli by clustered interstitial granuloma. A 58-year-old man was admitted due to incidental findings of a unilateral consolidative lesion as seen on chest radiography. A chest computed tomography (CT) examination showed multiple bronchoalveolar consolidations that were suspicious of a malignancy. However, a percutaneous needle biopsy revealed non-caseating granuloma with an asteroid body that was compatible with sarcoidosis. After one month, the consolidative lesions improved without any treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2016

To estimate the sediment discharge controlled by sediment-filled check-dam and thereby enhancing factor for check-dam design and dredging criteria, we surveyed slope failures and stream-bed fluctuation caused by geomorphic disturbances (i.e., landslides and debris flows) in Inje, Gangwondo. In general, check-dams play roles for restraining and controlling sediment discharge within a section under the design equilibrium gradient and a section under the design flood gradient, respectively. The results in this study showed same pattern: that is, the closed type check-dam, which has a design restraint sediment discharge of $2,111m^3$, estimated to control a sediment discharge of $3,996m^3$ in the stream section within 250 m right upper area immediately after the disturbances occurred in 2006. As a result, a design control sediment discharge of the check-dam was larger than its design restraint sediment discharge. This represents that the check-dam is still having an own function for controlling sediment discharge although it exceeded the designed capacity by the sediment discharged from upstream during the disturbances. Our finding suggests that the sediment discharge controlling of check-dam may need to be evaluated separately from its sediment discharge restraint. Currently, the country, however, does not consider the design control (or restraint) sediment discharges, based on the actual field survey, as criteria for check-dam design and/or dredging work. Therefore, the accumulation of the quantitative data is required to support that check-dam has functions for both restraining and controlling sediment discharge. This would be a way to develop our erosion control technology to the scientific technology equipped with a more objective and systematic aspects.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.327-339
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to conduct preliminary research to investigate full course meals in Korean style restaurants in order: i) to analyze the nutrient contents of full course meals per servings, and ii ) by analyzing the above, to examine the amount and the quality of the foods served in the full course meals by two different types of Korean style restaurants. A total of 27 restaurants participated in this study, 7 restaurants from the luxurious hotels in Seoul and 20 restaurants from the City of Changwon. A key finding was that restaurant patrons tended to overconsume nutrients as compared to the Korean Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), and restaurants generated large amounts of food wastes due to the excess food served. Other findings were as follows: 1) Compared with 1/3 or the Korean RDA, all the nutrients were oversupplied. The average nutrient ratios were about 3.7 times higher than 113 of the Korean RDA in calories, about 9 times higher in proteins, 10 times higher in phosphorus, 7 times higher in Vitamin Bl, and 12 times higher in Vitamin E. 2) Seventy-five percent (n = 20) of the restaurants served within the range of thirty to forty dishes, whereas most of the hotel restaurants (70%) served twenty dishes or fewer. 3) The average carbohydrate: protein: fat (CPF) ratio of caloric nutrients was 40：26 : 34. This study concluded that: i) Korean style full course meals provide too much food, nutrients, and calories, resulting in an over- or unbalanced nutrient intake, and ii ) the Korean style full course meals consisted of a high-protein, high-fat and high-caloric intake, which is similar to a westernized caloric nutrient pattern. Such over -or unbalanced nutrient intake could cause chronic degenerative problems such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate that restaurants serving Korean style full course meals should carefully plan their menus in order to provide their customers with balanced meals. They should also be strongly encouraged to play an active role in improving their customers' nutritional status, as well as reducing the restaurants wastage of food. Lastly, further research should be conducted to improve the quality of the menus in Korean restaurants. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(3) : 327∼339, 2003)

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2018

IFIT1 (also known as ISG56) is a member of the interferon-inducible protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) family. IFITs are strongly induced by type I interferon (IFN), double-stranded RNA and virus infection. Here, we investigated IFIT1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in human bronchus epithelial cells (BEAS-2Bs) induced by the H9N2 virus and inactivated viral particle at different time points. We also investigated the effect of H9N2 virus and viral particle infection on $IFN-{\alpha}/{\beta}$ production, and assessed whether hemagglutinin or neuraminidase protein induced IFIT1 expression. Results showed that both H9N2 virus infection and viral particle inoculation induced the expression of IFIT1 at mRNA and protein levels in the two cell lines. Hemagglutinin or neuraminidase protein binding alone is not sufficient to induce IFIT1 expression. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of IFIT1 in response to H9N2 virus and viral particles in the two cell lines were opposite, and production kinetics of $IFN-{\alpha}/{\beta}$ also differed. An additional finding was that induction of IFIT1 in response to H9N2 virus infection or viral particle inoculation was more sensitive in HUVECs than in BEAS-2Bs. Our data offers new insight into the innate immune response of endothelial cells to H9N2 virus infection.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.731-742
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a new algorithm which can construct model buildings used as a surface boundary in numerical models using GIS with latitudinal and longitudinal information of building vertices. The algorithm established the outer boundary of a building first, by finding segments passing neighboring two vertices of the building and connecting the segments. Then, the algorithm determined the region inside the outer boundary as the building. The new algorithm overcame the limit that the algorithm developed in the previous study had in constructing concave buildings. In addition, the new algorithm successfully constructed a building with complicated shape. To investigate effects of the modification in building shape caused by the building-construction algorithm on flows and pollutant dispersion around buildings, a computational fluid dynamics model was used and three kinds of building type were considered. In the downwind region, patterns in flow and pollutant dispersion were little affected by the modification in building shape caused. However, because of reduction in air space resulted from the building-shape modification, vortex structure was not resolved or smaller vortex was resolved near the buildings. The changes in flow pattern affected dispersion patterns of scalar pollutants emitted around the buildings.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2001

Cellular response to ionizing radiation is affected by cell types, radiation doses, and post-irradiation time. Based on the trypan blue dye exclusion assay in normal oral mucosal cells (OM cells), a 48 h post-irradiation was sufffcient and an adequate time point for the evaluation of radiation sensitivity Its $LD_{50}$ was approximately 1.83 Gy To investigate possible biomarkers useful for the biological radiodosimetry of normal epithelial cells (p53, c-fos, cyclin D1, cdc-2, pRb) EGF receptor phosphorylation and Erk activation were evaluated at different radiation doses and different post-irradiation times. From 0.5 Gy, p53 was accumulated in the nucleus of basal cells of the OM raft culture at 4 h post-irradiation and sustained up to 24 h post-irradiation, which suggests that radiation-induced apoptosis or damage repair was not yet completed. The number of p53 positive cells and biosynthesis of p53 were correlated with radiation doses. Both cyclin D1 and c-fos were only transiently induced within 1 h post-irradiation. Cyclin D1 was induced at all radiation doses. However, cfos induction was highest at 0.1 Gy, approximately 7.3 fold more induction than the control, whose induction was reduced in a reverse correlation with radiation dose. The phosphorylation pattern of cdc-2 and pRb were unaffected by radiation. In contrast to A431 tails overexpressing the EGF receptor approximately 8.5 fold higher than normal epithelial, the OM cells reduced the basal level of the EGF receptor phosphorylation in a radiation dose dependent fashion. In conclusion, among radiation-induced biomolecules, the p53 nuclear accumulation may be considered for the future development of a useful marker far biological radiodosimetry in normal epithelial tissue since it was sustained for a longer period and showed a dose response relationship. Specific c-fos induction at a low dose may also be an important finding in this study It needs to be studied further for the elucidation of its possible connection with the low dose radio-adaptive response.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.23-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to present improvement directions of college scholastic ability test on industry department. Industry department test were classify and abstracted sampling test on contents and movement domain, analyzed example items of college scholastic ability test on industry department. Research methods used in this study were review of related literature, the item analysis and item pattern analysis between college scholastic ability test on introduction to industry and curriculum, contents of textbook. After finding a problem of developing items, trying to find a solution to the problem and developing an up-to-date method of items was to present improvement. Based on the result of the study, some recommendations for future researches were made as follows: First, a phenomenon of making same contents items over again and no making items not on made the items ever have to cut. Second, Time to read and make sense of items have to reduce because depend on the degree of difficulty related on time to understand of items. Third, the depth of textbook contents has to develop on curriculum this year. Fourth, the succeeding study on linkage between college scholastic ability test and simulation of college scholastic ability test. Fifth, verification validity on contents of new movement domain is developed new and striking test items.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2004

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a technique that delivers a high dose to a target legion and a low dose to a critical organ through only one or a few irradiations. For this purpose, many mathematical methods for optimization have been proposed. There are some limitations to using these methods: the long calculation time and difficulty in finding a unique solution due to different tumor shapes. In this study, many clinical target shapes were examined to find a typical pattern of tumor shapes from which some possible ideal geometrical shapes, such as spheres, cylinders, cones or a combination, are assumed to approximate real tumor shapes. Using the arrangement of multiple isocenters, optimum variables, such as isocenter positions or collimator size, were determined. A database was formed from these results. The optimization procedure consisted of the following steps: Any shape of tumor was first assumed to an ideal model through a geometry comparison algorithm, then optimum variables for ideal geometry chosen from the predetermined database, followed by a final adjustment of the optimum parameters using the real tumor shape. Although the result of applying the database to other patients was not superior to the result of optimization in each case, it can be acceptable as a plan starling point.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.282-287
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was predicted the effects of mixing and diffusion due to the operation of the apparatus before the development of the mixed diffusion device for the decontamination absorbent to minimize the influence of contaminant inflow due to radiation accident. The tracer used for the flow characteristics was $^{68}Ga$, $^{99m}Tc$, which is a radioactive isotope, and 2 inch NaI radiation detector was used to detect it. The impeller of the decontamination mixed diffusion system applied to this study was made into three types and the mixing diffusion effect was compared. As a result of analyzing the flow characteristics of the radio-isotope with decontamination mixed diffusion device, mixing, diffusion and flow pattern were obtained. The radial mixing type impeller was able to diffuse to the water surface by the upflow flow, and the fin structure was adjusted for finding optimal conditions. The model 3 type consists of a fin guiding part and an auxiliary fin so that the diffusion speed is higher than that of other types of impellers. It also showed a short time to reach complete mixing.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-74
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• 2002

Since the Economic Crisis at the end of 1997, unemployment rate soared up to the record-high 8.6% (February 1999) and, for youth aged 15~29, it was 14.6% (27.8% for aged 15~19). In spite of economic recovery after the crisis, new participants in labor market at the school-to-work transition have faced with difficulties in finding their first jobs and, even further, the ratio of youth at out-of the labor force but not in school has remained at a higher level. It is important to calibrate the negative effects of nonemployment in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but there has been few study on the school-to-work transition in Korea. This study focus on the nonemployment duration to first job after formal education and comparison of its pattern before and after the crisis. A proportional hazard model, considering job prenaration before graduation (21.4% of the sample), with the semi-parametric baseline hazard is applied to the sample from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey(1998~2000) and its Youth Supplemental survey(2000). Interview of the Survey is conducted, by the Korea Labor Institute, to the same 5,000 household and 13,738 individual sample, guaranteeing nationwide representativeness. The Supplemental Survey consists of 3,302 young individuals aged 15 to 29 at the time of survey and 1,615 of them who are not in school and provide appropriate information is used for the analysis. The empirical results show that there exists negative duration dependence at the first three or for months at the transition period and no duration dependence since a turning point of the baseline hazard rate and that unemployment rate reflecting labor demand conditions has a positive effect on exiting the nonemployment state, which is inconsistent with a theoretical conclusion. Estimation with samples separated by the date of graduation before and after the crisis shows that the effect of unemployment rate on the hazard was negative for the pre-crisis sample but positive for the post-crisis sample.