• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1999

This study investigates the population model of the spread of HIV/AIDS which the infection is generated by an infectious individual in a population of susceptible. A mathematical model is presented for the transmission dynamics of HIV infection within the communities of homosexual males. The pattern on the epidemic character of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, was analysed by the mathematical model of AIDS system which is derived according to the ecological relationship between five epidemilogic states of individuals. The computer simulation was performed using real data and the following conclusions are drawn on the basis of the simulations. 1. The model structure and the algorithm described n the thesis is good. 2. In proportion to increase Ro, the population of AIDS patient increases and the time of its widespread reaches earlier. 3. The AIDS patients will be maximum between 7 and 21 years after an attack of AIDS and widespread between 10 and 20 years. 4. Considering the properties of the incubation periods, the maximum number of infected person is increased, and the attack rate is decreased.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of fatigue and functional status in patients with cancer. Method: The data were collected from August, 15 to October, 10, 2005. The subjects were recruited from three university hospitals and two general hospitals in B, U, and S cities in Korea. Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Scale for Cancer Patients, and Functional Status was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status Index. Result: 1) The mean score of fatigue was $79.72{\pm}21.25$(range: 26-130), and the mean score of functional status was $79.33{\pm}13.02$. 2) There were significant differences in the scores of fatigue by sex, age, marital status, employment, major care-giver, pain, and period after diagnosis. 3) There were significant differences in the scores of functional status by employment, major care-giver, pain, stage of cancer, period after diagnosis, and type of cancer. 4) There was a significant negative correlation between fatigue and functional status (r= -.472, p= .000). Conclusion: Increase in fatigue was associated with decrease in functional status in patients with cancer. Nurses must assess fatigue and functional status when caring for the cancer patients, and provide nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to improve functional status.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 1996

The automated ECG diagnostic systems that are odd in hospitals have low performance of P-wave detection when faced with some diseases such as conduction block. So, the purpose of this study was the improvement of detection performance in conduction block which is low in P-wave detection. The first procedure was removal of baseline drift by subtracting the median filtered signal of 0.4 second length from the original signal. Then the algorithm detected R peak and T end point and cancelled the QRS-T complex to get'p prototypes'. Next step was magnification of P prototypes with dispersion and detection of'p candidates'in the magnified signal, and then extraction of contextual information concerned with P-waves. For the last procedure, the CIR was applied to P candidates to confirm P-waves. The rule base consisted of three rules that discriminate and confirm P-waves. This algorithm was evaluated using 500 patient's raw data P-wave detection perFormance was in- creased 6.8% compared with the QRS-T complex cancellation method without application of the rule base.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.389-394
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• 2016

The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not decreased over the last decade. The most important way to decrease BPD is by weaning the patient from the ventilator as soon as possible in order to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury that underlies BPD, and by using a noninvasive ventilator (NIV). Use of a heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC), which is the most recently introduced NIV mode for respiratory support in preterm infants, is rapidly increasing in many neonatal intensive care units due to the technical ease of use without sealing, and the attending physician's preference compared to other NIV modes. A number of studies have shown that nasal breakdown and neonatal complications were lower when using a HHHFNC than when using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The rates of extubation failure during respiratory support were not different between patients who used HHHFNC and nCPAP. However, data from the use of HHHFNC as the initial respiratory support "after birth", particularly in extremely preterm infants, are lacking. Although the HHHFNC is efficacious and safe, large randomized controlled trials are needed before the HHHFNC can be considered an NIV standard, particularly for extremely preterm infants.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.71-74
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• 1997

MR acoustic sound or noise due to gradient pulsings has been one of the problems in MRI, both in patient scanning as well as in many areas of psychiatric and neuroscience research, such as brain fMRI. Especially in brain fMRI, sound noise is one of the serious noise sources which obscures the small signals obtainable from the subtle changes occurring in oxygenation status in the cortex and blood capillaries. Therefore, we have studied the effects of acoustic or sound noise arising in fMR imaging of the auditory, motor and visual cortices. The results show that the acoustical noise effects on motor and visual responses are opposite. That is, for the motor activity, it shows an increased total motor activation while for the visual stimulation, corresponding (visual) cortical activity has diminished substantially when the subject is exposed to a loud acoustic sound. Although the current observations are preliminary and require more experimental confirmation, it appears that the observed acoustic-noise effects on brain unctions, such as in the motor and visual cortices, are new observations and could have significant consequences in data observation and interpretation in future fMRI studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2006

Image Guided Surgery(IGS) system has been developed to provide exquisite and objective information to surgeons for surgical operation process. It is necessary that registration technique is important to match between 3D image model reconstructed from image modalities and the object operated by surgeon. Majority techniques of registration in IGS system have been used by recognizing fiducial markers placed on the object. However, this method has been criticized due to its invasive protocol inserting fiducial markers in patient's bone. Therefore, shape-based registration technique using geometric characteristics of the object has been invested to improve the limitation of IGS system. During Total Knee Replacement(TKR) operation, it is challenge to register with high accuracy by using shape-based registration because the area to acquire sample data from knee is limited. We have developed region-based 3D registration technique based on anatomical landmarks on the object and this registration algorithm was evaluated in femur model. It was found that region-based algorithm can improve the accuracy in 3D registration. We expect that this technique can efficiently improve the IGS system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.483-487
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• 1993

From July 1990 to August 1992,78 Hickman catheters and 22 chemoports were inserted in 98 patients for chemotherapy.We analyzed the clinical data of these patients. The results were as follows: 1]Mean age of patients was 42.8$\pm$1.6[SE] years 2]Male to female ratio was 1.09:1 3]The diseases of the cases were leukemia[66] ,lymphoma[8], stomach cancer[8],uterine cervix cancer[5],ovarian cancer[4],lung cancer[3],aplastic anemia[2],maxillary gland cancer[1],pancreas cancer[1],malignant mesothelioma[1] and multiple myeloma[1] 4]Mean values of preoperative WBC counts,platelet counts,PT and APTT were 31,500$\pm$ 8,132[SE]/mm,104,000$\pm$ 12,200 [SE]/mm,82$\pm$ 1.9[SE]% and 32$\pm$ 0.8[SE] sec,respectively. 5]The average duration of catheter uses was 121.7$\pm$ 17.3[SE]days. 6]The complications were subcutaneous tunnel bleeding or hematoma[2],exit site or subcutaneous tunnel infection[2] and catheter related septicemia[1]. 7]The causes of catheter removal were patient`s death or hopeless discharge[22],completion of treatment[6],subcutaneus hematoma or bleeding[2],exit site or subcutaneous tunnel infection[2] and catheter related septicemia[1].So,we concluded that Hickman catheter and chemoport were useful vascular access for chemotherapy in patients with malignant diseases, with low rate of complication and longterm duration.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 1998

This study is to investigate patient's choice of health care and the demand for Korean traditional medicine care in rural areas in 1995. It tried to evaluate the effect of out-of-pocket expenditure, travel time, and waiting time on improving care-seeking and substituting clinical medicine for pharmacy care and Korean traditional medicine care in rural areas. The statistical model of this study is conditional logit to estimate effects of choice-specific and individual-specific characteristics on the choice of type of services. This study used, as explanatory variables, average out-of-pocket payment, travel time, and waiting time of services required to use the services. The model was empirically tested using data from 1995 Korean National Health Survery. The results showed that rural Koreans responded to out-of pocket payment and travel time. Increases of out-of-pocket payment and travel time decreased the probability to choose care in rural Korea. Rural Koreans were more likely to seek care than others with low out-of-pocket payment and travel time. The probability of choosing Korean traditional medicine were higher among the members of the households with higher education level and older persons, while they were lower in the households with large family than others compared with the probabilities of choosing public health facilities. The result of this study implies that policy on use of health care in rural Korea can be focused in managing travel time and out-of-pocket payment.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

Total laryngectomy has become an usual treatment for any advanced carcinoma of the laynx, but most patients who have undergone total laryngectomy have shown permanant disability in voice production. I compared the first three formant frequencies estimated from MRI to those measured directly from speech data of the T-E patients and the normal. It was to estimate the accuracy of MRI and to compare the vocal tract shape of the normal to T-E patients. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The middle sagittle section of the MRI represents vocal tract well during pnonation. The vocal tract shape of the T-E shunt patients are lack of pharyngeal space and superior space of the glottis. 2. The length of the normal subject's vocal tract is 17 cm. For the T-E shunt patients, the length from lip to shunt opening is 17.5 cm in case 1, and 18.5 cm in case 2. That of the true resonante chamber is 13 cm and 13.5 cm for each case respectively. 3. T-E shunt patients phonated strained voice. The intensity of the higher formant frequency decreased especially in /o/, /u/. 4. The vocal tract is shortened during the phonation by T-E shunt patients. In case of /e/ and /i/, front cavities are constricted while back cavities are shortened. 5. The pseudoglottis of the T-E shunt patients is located at $14{\sim}15\;cm$ below from lips.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.319-331
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: A literature review, semi-structured patient interviews and an expert panel consultation produced a 27 preliminary item questionnaire. Participants were 150 cancer patients recruited to test the reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and internal consistency. Results: Item reduction and exploratory factor analysis led to 23 items, grouped into five subscales which were labelled new possibilities (6 items), coping skills (5 items), preciousness of life (5 items), relating to others (4 items), and personal strength (3 items). Convergent validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (r=.45, p<.001). The final scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ =.94). Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that the Cancer-Specific Posttraumatic Growth Inventory has validity and reliability and is considered to be appropriate for assessing posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer.