• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2006

Depression, anxiety and stress are important components of theories of pathological gambling and are often foci of treatment with patients with gambling problems. In the present review we attempt to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, stress and pathological gambling. Although the previous studies on this subject are limited and the relationship is unclear and complex, our review on the previous studies and clinical experiences on this subject could offer new insights for the assessment and treatment of pathological gamblers.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objective : Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder characterized by excessive worries and anxiety symptoms. To distinguish between pathological and normal worries, this study compared the contents and severity of worries among patients with GAD with those of matched non-psychiatric control Methods : Thirty outpatients with GAD receiving treatment at the psychiatric department of Hanyang University Guri Hospital were recruited. As a matched control group, we selected 30 adults without psychiatric history who participated in the Anxiety Disorder Survey, during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2014. Matched demographic data were age, sex, education, and household income. Self-questionnaires included demographic data, contents of worry (10 categories of worries and each severity), and the Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Results : There was no statistical difference in the contents of worry between patient and control groups. However, the total PSWQ scores significantly higher in the GAD group. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that patients and non-patients worry about the similar contents and worries in GAD cannot be differentiated by what people worry about. Only the severity of worry was a distinguishable feature. Our finding supported inclusion of the diagnostic criterion of "excesslve wornes" in GAD.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2021

본고는 인지적 과제를 수행하는 동안 우울 및 불안 환자의 정신병리적 과정과 이의 치료접근 방식에 대한 통합적 이해를 위해 최근 제시된 신경인지 연결망을 토대로 인지과정 및 정서조절의 비정상적 기능 연결성을 재해석 할 수 있는 모델을 제안하고자 하였다. 재구성된 우울과 불안장애 신경인지 연결망 모델을 통해, 우울증은 불이행방식 연결망(default mode network; DMN)의 과다 활성화에 기인하는 '자기참조적 사고로의 과몰입'으로, 불안장애는 불이행방식 연결망의 과소 활성화에 기인하는 '자기참조적 사고와의 단절'로 규정해 볼 수 있음을 확인하였다. 신경인지 연결망 중 자기의식 및 투사와 관련되는 자기참조 처리가 주요 기능인 DMN의 비정상적 활성화와 병리적 기능의 체계적 연결시도는 우울와 불안에 대한 통합적 해석과 치료적 접근에 시사점을 줄 수 있는 또 다른 출발점이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2011

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 한국어판 간이걱정척도(Brief Measure of Worry Severity, BMWS)를 개발하고, 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도 및 요인 구성을 평가하였다. 또한 병적인 걱정이 우울 및 불안과 관련되어 있는지를 알아보았다. 방 법: 지역사회 일반인 및 대학생 352명이 간이걱정척도를 시행하였으며, 이 중 27명은 3주 후 척도를 재시행하였다. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ 계수와 검사-재검사 일치도를 통해 척도의 신뢰도를 평가하였다. 외적 타당도는 간이걱정척도의 점수와 Beck 우울척도(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), Patient Health questionnaire-2(PHQ-2), 상태 불안척도(State Anxiety Inventory, SAI), 특성 불안척도(Trait Anxiety Inventory, TAI) 각각의 점수와의 상관도를 확인함으로써 평가하였다. 또한 구성 타당도를 평가하기 위해 주성분 분석을 시행하였다. 병적인 걱정이 우울 및 불안과 관련되어 있는지 여부는 간이걱정척도의 점수와 BDI 및 TAI 점수를 편상관 분석하여 알아보았다. 결 과: 척도의 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ 계수는 0.904였으며, 검사-재검사 상관도는 0.56(P<0.01)이었다. 간이걱정척도 점수와 BDI, PHQ-2, SAI, 그리고 TAI 점수의 상관도는 각각 0.60(P<0.01), 0.42(P<0.01), 0.36(P<0.01), 0.59(P<0.01)이었다. 주성분 분석상 척도는 하나의 요인으로 구성되어 있었다. TAI 점수를 통제한 상태에서 간이걱정척도 점수와 BDI 점수의 상관 계수는 0.357(P<0.01)이었으며, BDI 점수를 통제한 상태에서 간이걱정척도 점수와 TAI 점수의 상관 계수는 0.446(P<0.01)이었다. 결 론: 본 연구에서는 한국어판 간이걱정척도가 병적인 걱정을 측정하는데 있어 신뢰할 수 있고 타당한 도구임을 밝힐 수 있었다. 또한 병적인 걱정이 불안뿐만 아니라 우울과도 관련되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2013

Objective : Despite the chronic nature and high social costs, individuals with anxiety disorders seldom seek treatment. Thus, education for public awareness and screening for the illness is tremendously important for mental health professionals. This study summaries and presents the results from Anxiety Disorder Screening Program during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2013. Methods : We analyzed the data from 116 participants who agreed and completed the screening questionnaires during their visits to two-day Anxiety Disorder Screening Program prepared by the Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorder. The questionnaire comprised of modified Mobility inventory for agoraphobia, Contents of worries, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Life Events Checklist, and Abbreviated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Results : Participants demonstrated high rates of anxiety symptoms and possible anxiety disorders. Experience of panic attack was reported by 45%, lifetime and 16% in the past month by respondents. Phobia was reported by 46%. Participants had an average of 3.3 pathological worries and among those, social or interpersonal content was most common (46%). At least one lifetime traumatic event was reported by 64%. By the cut-off scores in the literature, 46% had possible generalized anxiety disorder and 58% possible posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion : Our results suggested that many visitors to Anxiety Disorder Screening Program were in fact treatment seeking after experiencing some forms of anxiety symptoms. Further efforts for delivery of medical information and increasing public awareness for anxiety disorders are needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2020

Inhaled solvents such as toluene are of particular concern due to their abuse potential that is easily exposed to the environment. The inhalation of toluene causes various behavioral problems, but, the effect of short-term exposure of toluene on changes in emotional behaviors over time after exposure and the accompanying pathological characteristics have not been fully identified. Here, we evaluated the behavioral and neurochemical changes observed over time in mice that inhaled toluene. The mice were exposed to toluene for 30 min at a concentration of either 500 or 2,000 ppm. Toluene did not cause social or motor dysfunction in mice. However, increased anxiety-like behavior was detected in the short-term after exposure, and depression-like behavior appeared as delayed effects. The amount of striatal dopamine metabolites was significantly decreased by toluene, which continued to be seen for up to almost two weeks after inhalation. Additionally, an upregulation of serotonin 1A (5-HT_1A) receptor in the hippocampus and the substantia nigra, as well as reduced immunoreactivity of neurogenesis markers in the dentate gyrus, was observed in the mice after two weeks. These results suggest that toluene inhalation, even single exposure, mimics early anxiety-and delayed depression-like emotional disturbances, underpinned by pathological changes in the brain.

• 철학연구
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• 제130권
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• pp.135-159
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• 2014

이 논문의 목적은 롤로 메이의 실존주의 심리치료가 키에르케고어의 불안개념에 철학적 기초를 두고 있음을 밝히는 것이다. 메이는 자신의 실존주의 심리치료를 정립하는 데 키에르케고어의 불안개념을 사용한다. 키에르케고어의 불안개념과 달리 프로이트의 불안개념은 지나치게 기술적이라고 메이는 비판한다. 억압의 원인이 불안이라는 후기 프로이트 이론은 억압을 야기하는 인간관계의 중요성을 간과한다는 것이다. 주체가 타인과의 관계에 부여하는 가치의 중요성이 주체에게 생성되는 불안의 강도에 결정적이라는 것이다. 메이는 공포와 불안을 구별하는 데서 대상성의 유무를 들고 있다. 이는 키에르케고어나 프로이트에게도 공통적인데 대상이 있는 것은 공포이고 그렇지 않은 것은 불안이다. 메이는 불안을 존재론적으로 해석한다. 무/비존재에 대한 키에르케고어의 언급을 발전시켜서 불안은 비존재에 대항하여 자신을 긍정하는 존재의 경험이라고 주장한다. 메이는 키에르케고어의 자유를 가능성, 잠재성과 유사한 의미로 해석한다. 인간이 잠재성을 성취하는 문제에 직면할 때의 상황이 불안이라는 것이다. 키에르케고어에게 자유는 불안과 관련되면서 동시에 죄와도 관련된다. 메이는 이를 계승하여 죄의식과 불안을 동전의 양면으로 취급한다. 그는 죄의식을 어떤 병적인 것이 아니라 인간의 가능성의 증거로 본다. 키에르케고어는 :불안의 개념"의 부제를 '원죄라는 교의학적 문제에 관한 심리학적 관점에서의 단순한 연구'라고 적고 있다. 그가 불안과 죄의 관계를 분리할 수 없는 문제로 보았음을 드러낸다. 이러한 연구를 통해 메이의 실존주의 심리치료에서 가장 중요한 불안개념은 키에르케고어에게서 연유함을 명확히 하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Objectives: The overuse of the Internet among adolescents has increased dramatically in recent years, leading to pathological or problematic Internet use. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be effective for the treatment of problematic Internet use, particularly for adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of group CBT for problematic Internet use in adolescents. Methods: A total of 17 patients aged 12-17 years who met Young's diagnostic questionnaire criteria of problematic Internet use participated in a school-based eight-session group CBT program. The level of problematic Internet use among participating students was measured using Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Depression and anxiety levels were evaluated using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Each construct was assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at a one-month follow-up visit. Statistical significance was based on a p-value of <0.05. Results: Immediately after the program, the IAS, CDI, and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scores were significantly lower than before the program. At the one-month follow-up assessment, the IAS scores remained low, and the CDI and SAI scores were even lower than immediately after the program. Conclusion: Group CBT was effective for adolescents with problematic Internet use, and was also demonstrated to improve depression and anxiety.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2009

Disorder of Extreme Stress, Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS) is the proposed diagnosis that meets the severe, complex, and prolonged psychological sequela of victims with chronic traumatization (e.g., family violence, incest, and childhood sexual or physical abuse). The hallmarks of DESNOS are a multiplicity of symptoms (e.g., somatization, dissociation, and depression), pathological changes in relationships, identity disturbances, and a propensity to experience repeated harm and injury at the hands of oneself and others. DESNOS can be directly assessed by Structured Interview of Disorder of Extreme Stress (SIDES) and Self- Report Inventory of Disorder of Extreme Stress (SIDES-SR). The treatment of DESNOS should be phaseoriented and involve movement back and forth among three basic stages : 1) stabilization ; 2) trauma processing ; 3) reintegration.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2018

Purpose: A mediated model of Korean college students' problem gambling based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathway model is developed and tested to explore mediating roles of self-control and irrational gambling beliefs in the association between emotionally vulnerable variables and problem gambling. Methods: 273 student participants recruited from 4 universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea responded. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, depression, anxiety, coping styles, irrational gambling belief, and self-control. Results: The modified research model provides a reasonable fit to the data. Depression, anxiety, reflective coping, irrational beliefs, and self-control turned out to have direct effects on problem gambling, while indirect effects were reported in some suppressive and reactive styles. These predictors account for 38% of the college students' problem gambling. Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs for reducing depression, anxiety, irrational gambling beliefs, and increasing reflective coping and self-control are needed to prevent Korean college students'problem gambling.