• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pathogenic fungus

검색결과 239건 처리시간 0.029초

토양 식물 잔사에서 Trichoderma harzianum에 의한 식물 병원균 Fusarium solani의 성장 저해 (Growth Competition between Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium solani on a Plant Residue in Non-Sterile Soil)

  • 김태관
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.540-549
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    • 2016
  • 토양에 존재하는 식물의 잔사는 식물 병원균의 확산 및 월동을 위한 자원으로써 역할을 수행 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 식물 잔사인 밀짚에서 식물 병원균인 Fusarium solani의 군락 형성에 대한 생물학적 방제균인 Trichoderma harzianum의 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 두 종류의 토양 수분 조건(-50, -500 kPa)의 멸균하지 않은 토양에서 연구를 수행하였다. T. harzianum ThzID1-M3와 F. solani를 밀짚과 함께 토양에 첨가 한 후 ThzID1-M3, Trichoderma spp. 및 F. solani를 quantitative real-time PCR을 사용하여 21일 동안 관찰하였다. 모든 토양 수분 조건에서 ThzID1-M3는 F. solani의 밀짚 점유를 감소하고(p < 0.05), 반면에 F. SOLANI는 ThzID1-M3 및 Trichoderma spp.의 밀짚 점유를 감소시켰다(p < 0.05). 이 결과는 F. solani와 ThzID1-M3 사이의 경쟁적 억제를 보여주고 있다. 높은 수분 조건의 토양(-50 kPa)에서 ThzID1-M3 및 Trichoderma spp.는 더 높은 밀짚의 점유를 보여주었다(p < 0.05), 반면에 F. solani의 밀짚 점유는 두 수분조건에서 차이가 없었다. 따라서 ThzID1-M3의 병원균 억제 효과는 높은 수분 조건의 토양에서 더 컸다(p < 0.05). 토양내 식물 잔사를 점유할 때 발생되는 ThzID1-M3와 F. solani 사이의 강력한 경쟁 관계는 생물학적 방제 균인 T. harzianum가 작물 시스템에서 식물 병원균의 생존과 증식을 감소시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

밤나무 재배지에서의 생물적, 환경적 요인이 밤나무 줄기마름병 발생에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Biological and Environmental Factors on the Occurrence of Chestnut Blight in Chestnut Tree Plantations)

  • 이상현;김경희;변재경;이종규;문병주
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제95권1호
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    • pp.139-144
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    • 2006
  • 전국적으로 밤나무줄기마름병의 피해가 증가하여 밤나무 재배농가에 적지 않은 피해를 주고 있다. 경상남도, 전라남도, 충청남도, 경기도 지역의 밤나무 재배지에서, 병의 발생과 이와 관련된 수령, 기온, 강수량, 방위, 경사도, 토성 등 입지환경요인간의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 다변량분석법으로 조사하였다. 36개 조사구를 선정하고 1,137본의 밤나무를 대상으로 조사하였다. 병의 발생에서 최소 하나이상의 궤양을 가진 밤나무는 66%에 달했으며 전남 순천 조사구에서는 80%로 발병율이 가장 높았고, 충남 공주 조사구는 39%로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 발병율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 수령으로 조사되었으며, 수령 7~12년 밤나무가 발병율이 가장 높고 수령 5년 이하, 25년 이상 밤나무에서의 발병율은 현저히 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 병원균에 의한 궤양 발생위치는 지상 1.6~2 m에서 주로 발생하였다. 밤나무 궤양 500개 이상 시료로부터 병원균을 분리하였으며, 밤나무줄기미름병원균 Cryphonectria parasitica가 가장 높은 빈도로 검출되었다.

대벌레(Ramulus mikado)에 대한 유기농업자재 6종과 녹강균(Metarhizium anisopliae)의 살충 효과 평가 (Evaluation of Insecticidal Efficacy of Six Eco-friendly Agricultural Materials and Metarhizium anisopliae against Ramulus mikado)

  • 정종국;정복남;이차영;김건희;김준헌;이영수;박지현
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제112권1호
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2023
  • 2020~2021년 은평구 봉산, 의왕시 청계산 등지에서 돌발적으로 대발생하여 산림에 피해를 주었던 대벌레(Ramulus mikado)의 친환경 방제를 위해 시판 중인 유기농업자재 6종과 산림 내에서 자연폐사한 대벌레에서 분리한 녹강균(Metarhizium anisopliae)의 살충 효과를 검정하였다. 유기농업자재 중에서는 azadirachtin과 geraniol을 포함하는 식물성 오일 3종이 85.2~100%로 높은 치사율이 확인되었으며 이는 화학 살충제인 페니트로티온 유제와 유사한 수준이었다. 녹강균의 분생포자를 희석하여 대벌레의 몸에 직접 분주하거나 사육장 내에서 분무기로 살포한 경우 모두 수일 내 100% 사망하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 확인된 유기농업자재 3종과 녹강균 등은 향후 친환경 방제제 선발 및 사용 시 우선적으로 고려할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

Characteristics of Microbial Biosurfactant as an Antifungal Agent Against Plant Pathogenic Fungus

  • YOO DAL-SOO;LEE BAEK-SEOK;KIM EUN-KI
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.1164-1169
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    • 2005
  • Characteristics of sophorolipid and rhamnolipid were evaluated as antifungal agents against plant pathogenic fungi. Eight percent of mycelial growth of plant pathogen (Phytophthora sp. and Pythium sp.) was inhibited by 200 mg/l of rhamnolipid or 500 mg/l of sophorolipid, and zoospore motility of Phytophthora sp. decreased by $90\%$ at 50 mg/l of rhamnolipid and $80\%$ at 100 mg/l of sophorolipid. The effective concentrations for zoospore lysis were two times higher than those of zoospore motility inhibition. The highest zoospore lysis was observed with Phytophthora capsici; $80\%$ lysis at 100 mg/I of di-rhamnolipid or lactonic sophorolipid, showing the dependency of structure on the lysis. In the pot test, the damping-off disease incidence ratio decreased to $42\%\;and\;33\%$ of control value at 2,000 mg/l sophorolipid and rhamnolipid, respectively. These results showed the potential of microbial glycolipid biosurfactants as an effective antifungal agent against damping-off plant pathogens.

Candida albicans Can Utilize Siderophore during Candidastasis Caused by Apotransferrin

  • Lee Jue-Hee;Han Yong-Moon
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2006
  • Ability of iron acquisition of pathogenic microorganisms functions as a virulence factor. Candida albicans, a fungal pathogen that requires iron for growth, is susceptible to growth retardation by high-affinity iron binding proteins such as transferrin. Recently, we reported that C. albicans could utilize the heme as a part of heme-containing proteins dissociated by heme oxygenase, CaHMX1. In search of another pathway that C. albicans can use to bypass the growth regulation produced by iron limitation, this present study examined utilization of non-candidal siderophores such as Desferal and rhodotorulic acid (RA) for acquisition of inorganic iron by the fungus. C. albicans secreting no siderophores was cultured in iron-free (pretreated with apotransferrin for 24 h) (culture medium). Once growth of the yeast reached stasis from iron starvation, a siderophore was added to the culture media. Results showed that cultures containing apotransferrin within a dialysis membrane recovered growth to the level of untreated controls, whereas C. albicans yeast cells in direct contact with soluble iron-free (apo) transferrin recovered growth only partially. When static growth from iron limitation was reached, the addition of siderophore-apotransferrin complex to culture medium also permitted the yeast to recover growth from apotransferrin growth regulation. All the data show that C. albicans can utilize the non-candidal siderophores for iron acquisition under transferrin regulation as can pathogenic bacteria.

Isopod Parasite Induced Secondary Microbial Infection in Marine Food Fishes

  • Ravichandran, S;Sivasubramanian, K;Parasuraman, P;Rajan, D. Karthick;kumar, G. Ramesh
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2016
  • Isopods are parasitic crustaceans that pose serious threat to fisheries. Several studies have tried to explore the host-pathogen relationship between marine fishes and isopods. The present study aims to understanding the secondary infections in marine fishes pertaining to isopods. To assess the secondary infection in infected fishes, parasite infested and healthy tissues of fishes were collected. The samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedure to identify the presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Our results showed the branchial region had the higher microbial load of non-sporulating cenocytic fungi in infected fishes. Moreover, fungal strains isolated from the parasitic lesion confirmed that the parasitation and body lesion facilitates the entry of several pathogenic microbes at the damaged host tissue. More over the immune regulation of fish fights back by producing minute cysts, trying to encapsulate the growing fungus. But this may eventually lead to systemic infestation and death of the fish.

Phylogenetic Diversity and Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Tephrosia purpurea

  • Luo, Ze-Ping;Lin, Hai-Yan;Ding, Wen-Bing;He, Hua-Liang;Li, You-Zhi
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.435-443
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    • 2015
  • Sixty-one endophytic fungus strains with different colony morphologies were isolated from the leaves, stems and roots of Tephrosia purpurea with colonization rates of 66.95%, 37.50%, and 26.92%, respectively. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, 61 isolates were classified into 16 genera belonging to 3 classes under the phylum Ascomycota. Of the 61 isolates, 6 (9.84%) exhibited antifungal activity against one or more indicator plant pathogenic fungi according to the dual culture test. Isolate TPL25 had the broadest antifungal spectrum of activity, and isolate TPL35 was active against 5 plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, culture filtrates of TPL25 and TPL35 exhibited greater than 80% growth inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We conclude that the endophytic fungal strains TPL25 and TPL35 are promising sources of bioactive compounds.

곤충기생성 진균이 생산하는 살충성 생리활성물질의 탐색 (Searching for Insecticidal Metabolites Produced by Insect Pathogenic Fungi)

  • 윤영남;여운형;서미자
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제26권1호통권84호
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 1998
  • 전국 각지에서 채집한 사멸곤충에서 분리한 곤충 기생성 진균이 생산하는 살충성 생리활성물질을 탐색한 결과 곰팡이 분리주 CNAB-63 균주가 목화진딧물과 점박이응애 모두에 대해 다른 분리균주들보다 비교적 높은 살충효과를 보인 바, 본 균주가 생산하는 살충성분을 각종 chromatography로 분리 정제하였다. 정제된 활성물질 CNAB는 점박이응애에서 66.59%, 목화진딧물에서 52.96%의 살충효과를 보였으며, 그 외에도 온실가루이에 살충효과를 보였으나 배추좀나방에는 미미한 살충효과를 보였다. 한편 활성물질 CNAB는 $100\;{\mu}g/disk$ 농도에서 곰팡이, 효모, 세균류에 전혀 항균활성을 보이지 않았다.

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Dual Biocontrol Potential of the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Isaria javanica, for Both Aphids and Plant Fungal Pathogens

  • Kang, Beom Ryong;Han, Ji Hee;Kim, Jeong Jun;Kim, Young Cheol
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.440-447
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    • 2018
  • Dual biocontrol of both insects and plant pathogens has been reported for certain fungal entomopathogens, including Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillum spp. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the dual biocontrol potential of two fungal isolates identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses as Isaria javanica. Both these isolates caused mortality in the greater wax moth, and hence can be considered entomopathogens. Spores of the isolates were also pathogenic to nymphs of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), with an $LC_{50}$ value of $10^7spores/mL$ 4 days after inoculation and an $LT_{50}$ of 4.2 days with a dose of $10^8spores/mL$. In vitro antifungal assays also demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of two fungi that are pathogenic to peppers, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici. These results indicate that I. javanica isolates could be used as novel biocontrol agents for the simultaneous control of aphids and fungal diseases, such as anthracnose and Phytophthora blight, in an integrated pest management framework for red pepper.

Large-Scale Screening of the Plant Extracts for Antifungal Activity against the Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • Song Hee, Lee;Young Taek, Oh;Do-Yeon, Lee;Eunbyeol, Cho;Byung Su, Hwang;Junhyun, Jeon
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.685-691
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    • 2022
  • Plants produce chemicals of immense diversity that provide great opportunities for development of new antifungal compounds. In search for environment-friendly alternatives to the fungicide of current use, we screened plant extracts obtained from more than eight hundred plant materials collected in Korea for their antifungal activity against the model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. This initial screening identified antifungal activities from the eleven plant extract samples, among which nine showed reproducibility in the follow-up screening. These nine samples were able to suppress not only M. oryzae but also other fungal pathogens. Interestingly, the plant extracts obtained from Actinostemma lobatum comprised five out of eight samples, and were the most effective in their antifungal activity. We found that butanol fraction of the A. lobatum extract is the most potent. Identification and characterization of antifungal substances in the A. lobatum extracts would provide the promising lead compounds for new fungicide.