• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

본 연구는 선택되어진 지뢰지역과 습지조각의 산림성조류의 군집에 대하여 경관생태학적 가치를 평가하도록 하였다. 각각 면적이 다른 세 곳(8.5ha, 17.4ha, 40.6ha)의 지뢰지역과 산지지역의 세 개 비교지역의 조류상분석을 이용하여 평가하였다. 평균 산림성조류의 종수, 개체수, 종다양성, 종풍부도와 종균등도를 조각의 크기와 습지의 존재와 연결성과 같은 환경적 특성에 의하여 분석하였다. 군집 유사도지수는 실험군과 대조군 조사구사이를 비교하였다. 조류군집은 다음과 같이 요약되었다. 첫째, 63종의 조류가 조사되었으며, 최대개체수 합계는 828개체였다. 종다양성지수는 3.8이었으며, 종풍부도는 9.2, 종균등도는 93.3 이었다. 둘째, 작고 숲과 고립된 숲은 낮은 평균 종의 수와 개체수를 가졌지만, 소하천을 가진 작은 숲 조각은 개활수면이 없는 숲 조각에 비하여 높은 조류 밀도를 보였다. 셋째, 갈대습지를 가진 숲 조각은 단위면적당 조류 종의 수(/10ha), 단위면적당 개체수, 종다양도지수, 종풍부도와 종균등도에서 낮은 가치를 가진 것으로 평가되었다. 마지막으로, 군집 유사도지수는 소하천을 가진 작은 숲 조각은 다른 숲과 연결되어 있는 큰 산지 숲과 유사성이 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로, 저지대 숲 조각은 작은 면적에도 불구하고 다른 서식지와 연결되고 서식지가 넓은 산지의 숲 조각과 군집유사도가 비슷하였다. 따라서, 하천숲의 복원은 산림성조류의 군집에서 생물다양성을 향상시킬 것으로 제안한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.649-663
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• 1998

The clarify the ecological properties, and to predict change of understory vegetation of mt. Nam Park, population dynamics and interspecific competition of D. smilacinum and D. viridescens, which grow in understory of deciduous broad-leaved forest and pseudo-annuals, were studied from May 20 to May 30 1998. The depth of litter layer, soil moisture content, soil organic matter and soil texture were surveyed in 18 populations (15 D. smilacinum populations and 3 D. viridescens populations). Mean litter layer of d. smilacimum population was thinner than that of D. viridescens populations). Mean litter layer of D. smilacnum population was thinner than that of D. viridescens population. The contents of soil moisture and organic matter of D. smilacinum population were lower than that of D. viridescens population. The D. smilacinum growed in broad range of soil texture but D. viridescens in loamy soil. Because D. smilacinum could tolerate more broad range of soil moisture and soil texture than D. viridescens, the former covered the herb layer in earlier stage and the latter introduced in later stage when rhizome could grow easily. The numbers of individual in two marginal parts were smaller than that in center in same D. smilacinum patch. And the total numbers of individuals grown in (10 ${\times}$ 10)cm were from 0 to 12. The rhizome (subterranean runner) weight, rhizome length, root weight, shoot weight, lea weight and leaf number per subquadrat (cell) increased along the number of individual, that is, increased from marginal part to center. But rhizome weight and rhizome length per individual were vice versa. Therefore, the individuals in marginal part reproduced longer and stronger asexual propagules than that in center. The distribution pattern of D. smilacinum was contageous and that of D. viridescens was random or regular. Therefore, population growth of former was independent on density and that of latter was dependent on density. The distributions of size-class showed normal curves in two population, but the curves based on data of total dry weight showed positive skewness and those of leaf number showed negative skewness The correlation coefficient (CC) values between the properties of each organ were high in two population and significant at 0.1% level. The CC values of D. viridescens were higher of the two. Therefore, the former allocated the energy to each organ stable. The rhizome depth of d. viridescens was 2 times deeper than that of D. smilacinum. And rhizome length and weight of D. viridescens were longer (2 times) or heavier (4 times) than those of D. smilacinum. The patch size of D. viridescens increased 60 cm per year and that of D. smilacinum 30 cm. On this results, the intrinsic increase velocity of d. viridescens patch was 2 times faster than that of d. smilacinum, therefore, on the competition, the former had an advantage over D. smilacinum. The reason why d. viridescens defeated D. smilacinum resulted from that the leaf area of former was 4 times broader than that of latter. in Mt. Nam Park, it was thought that two disporum Population would change with the 3 thpes of environmental change as followings. First, no human impact and increase of soil moisture content resulted in increase of D. viridescens population. Second, mild human impact and similar condition of soil moisture content resulted in slow increase or no changes of D. smilacinum and d. viridescens population. Third, severe human impact and dry condition resulted in decrease or vanishment of two disporum populations.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.657-684
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• 2004

본 연구는 MPA 효과를 분석한 생물경제학적 연구로서 어업자원분포와 어종이동 특성에 따른 MPA 설치 전 후의 자원량과 어획량 변화를 이론적으로 분석하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 어업자원분포 모형 가운데 폐쇄모형, 발생지-유입지 모형, 밀도종속적 모형을 대상으로 하였다. 각 모형에 대한 MPA 효과 분석에 있어서는 어획활동에 따른 경제적 효과도 함께 고려했을 뿐 아니라 다른 어획노력량 통제수단과의 병용효과도 함께 살펴보았다. 모든 모형 하에서 MPA 설치에 따라 전체 자원량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났지만, 폐쇄모형과 발생지-유입지 모형 하의 유입지에 대한 MPA 효과분석 결과 총어획량은 감소하였다. 발생지-유입지 모형에서의 발생지 그리고 밀도종속적 모형 하에서의 MPA 효과분석에서는 어종의 이동률, 자원량 수준 등에 따라 어획량이 증감하는 것으로 평가되었다. 특히, 자원이동률이 클수록, 자원량 수준이 높을수록 어획량 증대효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 어업비용 증가로 인해 어획가능구역에서의 어획노력량 증대에는 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 다른 어획노력량 통제수단과 병용되었을 경우 전체적인 자원량 수준이 보다 크게 높아질 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1981

연초의 본포초기해충인 숯검은밤나방 유충의 경제적 피해수준 밀도를 정하기 위한 기초연구로 연초이식전 포장내 유충밀도를 확정하기 위한 표본추출방법과 유충밀도와 연초감수량(품종 : Hicks)의 관계에 관하여 실험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 사과찌꺼기, 쌀겨 및 토끼풀더미의 표본추출방법중에서 토끼풀더미가 비교적 높은 표본추출효율을 보였으며 토끼풀더미는 유충의 령기와 실험시기에 따라 $12.5\~18.0\%$의 표본추출효율을 보였다. 2. 포장내잡초의 유${\cdot}$무에 따라 표본추출효율은 차이가 있으며 $5\~6$령충을 공시했을 때 잡초가 없는 상태에서는 $18\%$, 잡초가 있는 상태에서는 $11.8\%$의 표본추출효율을 보였다. 3. 숯검은밤나방 유충밀도(X)와 피해율(D)의 관계는 $D=3.48+1.15X(r=0.9^{**})$였으며 피해율은 액아의 생장과 결주에 따른 연초개체군의 보상결과를 감안하여 보상피해율(D')을 구하였으며 $D'=0.544D(r=0.97^{**})$의 치선회귀관계를 보였다. 4. 보상피해율(D')과 감사량(Y; kg/10a)의 관계는 $Y=2.219D'(r=0.88^{**})$였다. 5. 관측치만 이용한 접종충밀도와 감수량의 관계 (Y=2.68X) 보다는 피해율 및 보상피해율을 대입하여 얻은 추정회귀식(Y=4.2+1.38X)이 실측치에 더적합하였다.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analyzing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5%), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for f01.2ha(22.8%), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4%), and others for 19.1ha(4.3%). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9% showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2016

Many signals in the nature have power-law behaviors, namely they are "scale-free". The method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), as one of the popular methods (e.g., Rescaled range analysis and Spectral analysis) for determining scale-free nature of time series, has a very important advantage that the DFA can be applied to both stationary and non-stationary signals. The analysis of time series using the DFA has been broadly used in physiology, finance, hydrology, meteorology, geology, and so on. We performed the DFA of 16 Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) parameters for 38 HMI Active Region Patches (HARPs) obtained by Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) from May 2010 to June 2014. The main results from this study are as follows. (1) The most of the time series data are non-stationary. (2) The DFA scaling exponents of "mean vertical current density" for 38 HARPs have a negative correlation coefficient (-0.41) with flare index. (3) The DFA scaling exponents of parameters such as "Sum of the absolute value of net currents per polarity", "Absolute value of the net current helicity", and "Mean photospheric excess magnetic energy density" for the most active HARPs having more than 10 major flares, have positive correlation coefficients (0.64, 0.59, and 0.53, respectively) with the ratio of "the number of CMEs associated with major flares" to "the number of major flares". Physical interpretations on our results will be discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analy zing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha, of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5$\%$), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for 101.2ha(22.8$\%$), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4$\%$), and others for 19.1ha(4.3$\%$). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9$\%$ showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2003

Habitat heterogeneity can enhance biological diversity by providing variation in structural diversity. This paper reviewed heterogeneous habitat serves as a population stability and superior demographic performance (e.g., high density, survivorship, reproductive rate) can be observed compared with organisms with inferior demographic performance. The idea of habitat variation has been further developed in modelling. Furthermore the size and configuration (distribution) of a patch (of a particular habitat type) become effective for the stability of population through hiding places and food resources. Species diversity is related to habitat complexity that provides structural diversity to ground -dwelling organisms. Finally coarse woody debris can enhance habitat complexity thus stabilizing population fluctuation and increasing survivorship.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2009

For last 150 years, blackbirds have moved from their ancestral habitat, the woodland edge, to man-made habitats such as farmland, parks and gardens. These alternative habitats have become one of main blackbird habitats. I compared density of nests and blackbirds in parks, woodland and campus of University of East Anglia to investigate habitat preference. Blackbirds preferred the area covered by $10\sim50%$ of tree or bush patches for their foraging and nesting sites. Blackbirds were more frequently found near buildings rather than far from buildings. Nest characteristics did not affect predation rate and nest preference. This study suggests that man-made habitats may be important for avoiding predation.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2009

A new flexible electronics technology, named P-FCB (Planar Fashionable Circuit Board), is introduced. P-FCB is a circuit board technology implemented on the plain fabric patch for wearable electronics applications. In this paper, the manufacturing of P-FCB, and its electrical characteristics such as sheet resistance, maximum current density, and frequency characteristics are reported. The fabrication methods and their electrical characteristics of passive devices such as resistor, capacitor, and inductor in P-FCB are discussed. In addition, how to integrate silicon chip directly to the fabric for the flexible electronics system are described. Finally, examples of P-FCB applications will be presented.