• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.879-886
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• 2014

This study was conducted to test in vitro the antagonistic effect of composted liquid manure (CLM) against soil-borne turfgrass pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 (IIIB) (brown patch), R. solani AG-2-2 (IV) (large patch), and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (dollar spot) for environmentally friendly turfgrass management. CLMs were collected from 9 livestock excretion treatment facilities around the country including Gunwi (GW), Hapcheon (HC), Hoengseong (HS), Icheon (IC), Iksan (IS), Muan (MA), Nonsan (NS), and Yeoju (YJ). CLMs of IC, GW, and IS showed s ignificant (p < 0.05) mycelium growth inhibition that was 17.8%, 20.4%, and 48.0% against R. solani AG-2-2 (IIIB), R. solani AG-2-2 (IV), and S. homoeocarpa, respectively. A t otal of 110 bacterial isolates were obtained from the CLMs that showed antagonistic effects. Among them, 5, 4, and 10 microbe isolates showed promising antifungal activity against mycelium growth of R. solani AG-2-2 (IIIB), R. solani AG-2-2 (IV), and S. homoeocarpa, respectively. The bacterial isolates ICIIIB60, GWIV70, and ISSH20 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of three soil-borne turfgrass pathogens. Selected bacterial isolates were identified as Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus licheniformis Ab2, and B. subtilis C7-3 through 16s rDNA gene sequence analysis. Among 5 fungicides, the most compatible fungicide with ICIIIB60, GWIV70, and ISSH20 was tebuconazol, toclofos-methyl and toclofos-methyl, respectively. These findings suggested that CLMs could be effectively used not only as organic liquid fertilizer sources but also as biological control agents for soil-borne turfgrass diseases such as brown patch, large patch, and dollar spot.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-212
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• 1999

In use of pesticides in golf courses has been increased steadily. Environmental concern as well as decrease in efficiency led the turfgrass management into an alternate approach of using beneficial microorganism to deal with turfgrass pests. This study was focused on the use of such microorganisms for improving cultural environment and minimizing the use of pesticides. Microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases were applied to zoysiagrass fairways and creeping bentgrass greens in Yusung country club. Tharch accumulation, disease occurrence, and other cultural environments were compared among the combinations of microorganisms and suppliemental N applications. The application of microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases improved turf resiliency. Thatch thickness was 3.03cm in the control plot but it was 2.11cm in plots treated by microorganisms, indicating significant effects of microorganism application on reduction of thatch accumulation. Number of microorganism that can decompose of cellulose was higher at the plots treated with useful microbial products and it was considered that existence of higher population of microorganisms resulted in reduction of thatch accumulation. In the evaluation of relationship between thatch accumulation and disease occurrence, greater thatch accumulation was observed at the golf courses which have been frequently infested by large patch. However, the rate of thatch accumulation varied among surveyed golf courses regardless of the year of turf establishment. Therefore, management practice which can be effective for reduction of thatch could result in large patch suppression. The application of microorganisms on the established turfgrasses reduced the occurrence rate of pythium blight and yellow path diseases, whereas occurrence of brown patch and dollar spot increased.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2013

Species distribution modeling is one of the most effective habitat analysis methods for wildlife conservation. This study was for evaluating the suitability of species distribution to distance between forest patches in Seoul city using tits. We analyzed the distribution of the four species of tits: varied tit (Parus varius), marsh tit (P. palustris), great tit (P. major) and coal tit (P. ater), using the landscape indexes and connectivity indexes, and compared the resulting suitability indexes from 100m to 1,000m. As factors affecting to the distribution of tits, we calculated landscape indices by separating them into intra-patch indices (i.e. logged patch area (PA), area-weighted mean patch shape index (PSI), tree rate (TR)) and inter-patch indices (i.e. patch degree (PD), patch betweenness (PB), difference probability of connectivity (DPC)), to analyze the internal properties of the patches and their connectivity by tits occurrence data using logistic regression modeling. The models were evaluated by AICc (Akaike Information Criteria with a correction for finite sample sizes) and AUC (Area Under Curve of ROC). The results of AICc and AUC showed DPC, PA, PSI, and TR were important factors of the habitat models for great tit and marsh tit at the level of distance 500~800m. In contrast, habitat models for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species, reflected PA, PSI, and TR as intra-patch indices rather than connectivity. These mean that coal tit and varied tit are more likely to find a large circular forest patch than a small and long-shaped forest patch, which are higher rate of forest. Therefore, different strategies are required in order to enhance the habitats of the forest birds, tits, in a region that has fragmented forest patches such as Seoul city. It is important to manage forest interior areas for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species and to manage not only forest interior areas but also connectivity of the forest patches in the threshold distance for great tit and marsh tit as adapted species to the urban ecosystem for sustainable ecosystem management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.417-422
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• 2013

In this paper, the implementation of a null-steering antenna array using GPS patch antennas is suggested. The antenna array consists of five patch antenna elements fabricated on the ceramic substrate. The antenna element proposed here is a typical circular polarization patch and a prototype patch array antenna is manufactured on the PCB. The antenna has one reference element located at the center and other four elements are placed at the corners. A null in the direction of the jamming signal can be produced by changing the phases of 4-elements. Simulation results of the array antenna by CST MWS are presented and discussed. The basic performances are measured and the results are shown. The results show that the antenna presented here can be used to remove the signals from the directions of any jammers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 1997

This is a report of a successful management of a patient with infective endocarditis involving native aortic valve, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, and Interventric lar septum. A 16 year-old patient who underwent VSD patch closure, and aortic valvuloplasty at the age of 1 1 years showed Intractable congestive heart failure during antibiotics treatment for infective endocarditis. Operative findings revealed that there were large defect along the previous patch, aortic regurgitation with multiple perforations and vegetations, mitral regurgitation with vegetation, aortic paraannular abscess, interventricular myocardial abscess, and tricuspid regurgitation with perforations and vegetations. We reconstructed the interventricular defect with Dacron patch extending to the aortic valve annulus after radical debridement of all infected or devitalized tissues, and could implant aortic valve by anchoring to the reconstructed Dacron patch. Mitral valve was replaced and tricuspid valve was repaired with patient's own pericardium. The patient was discharged after antibiotics treatment for 6 weeks and in good condition without any sequelae for 12 months.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 1989

Epidural morphine provides excellent analgesia for the management of postoperative pain, but nausea and vomiting are a commonly reported side effect. Scopolamine, a belladona alkaloid, is an effective antiemetic when nausea is induced by morphine. Transdermal scopolamine patches have the advantage of delivering a constant low dosage of the drug over a prolonged period. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylacitic transdermal scopolamine in reducing nausea or vomiting associated with postoperative epidural morphine analgesia, I studied 60 healthy adult patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups, each group consisting of 20 patients. Group 1; no scopolamine for control Group 2; transdermal scopolamine placebo patch Group 3; transdermal scopolamine patch All patients were anesthetized by epidural injection of 2% lidocaine 15 ml and 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml with morphine 4 mg. A Comparison with the control group, the placebo group, and Group 3, indicated, that the transdermal scopolamine reduced the incidence of nausea or vomiting associated with postoperative epidural morphine analgesia (group 1; 35%, group 2; 25%, group 3; 10%). However there were no statistically significant differences between groups at a level of p>0.05.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develop an integrated disease management system against large patch disease. Attempts were made to estimate the effect of calcium hydroxide, silicate fertilizer and urea on the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia sotani AG2-2 and the development of large patch in vitro and in vivo and to establish the most promising combination of fertilizer, fungicide and antagonistic microbes. 1.The mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia sotani AG2-2 were completely inhibited at 2,000, 1,000 and 3,000ppm concentration by calcium hydroxide, silicate fertilizer and urea, respectively. Inhibition effect of silicate fertilizer was the highest, but that of urea was the lowest compared with other treatments. 2.Treatment of calcium hydroxide at rate of l00g /$m^2$ was the most effective, and control effect appeared from 30 days after treatment in spring, which was better in autumn than in spring. Silicate fertilizer treated at rate of l00g /$m^2$, 200g /m$^2$, in spring and 50g /$m^2$ in autumn were very effective. Urea at rate of 30g /$m^2$ was more effective than 60g /m$^2$ and 120g /m$^2$. 3.The efficacies of mepronil and toclofos-methyl, applied twice in spring and once in autumn, were 83.8% in spring, which persisted to 70% in autumn compared with untreated plot. 4.The efficacies of Trichoderma harzianum were the highest by 55% in spring, but those of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BL-3 and Peudomonas putida were the highest by 80% in autumn among other antagonists tested, when two organisms were applied twice in spring and once in autumn.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2013

We in order to use WLAN communication device planned wireless USB dongle internal antenna of 2.4 GHz/5.8 GHz band. So it uses square patch dual-wideband and quality is satisfactory and it designed print folded monopole antenna of the shape which is simple. The thickness of the antenna was fed by a $50{\Omega}$ coaxial cable feeding 1mm dielectric constant 4.4 FR4 substrate was used. The overall size of the antenna is $20mm{\times}50mm$. So the internal antenna is suitable. Measurement results of the fabricated antenna, the return loss of more than 10 dB in the two bands could be obtained. Radiation pattern has a maximum gain of 3.75 dBi value.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.654-658
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• 1990

Between January of 1980 and December of 1989, we are encountered 121 cases of Down syndrome here at Yonsei University Medical Center. of these being endocardial cushion defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and complicated anomalies. The mean age was 1 month 2 years with the sexual division at 31 males and 29 females. Among these 60 patients, 10 of them were treated trough surgical management, 8 of them being open heart surgeries, the 8 open heart surgeries are broken down as follow: 4 total correction of ECD, 2 patch repair of VSD, 1 total correction of TOF, 1 patch repair of ASD secundum. Another 2 operative management are ligation of PDA and modified Blalock - Taussig shunt of TOF. Postoperatively all patients were weaned and extubated on an artificial ventilator without any respiratory complications, and were discharged without incident.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2000

In this paper, a profile management system consisting of global and local range finders is presented for the automat ion of material pile handling. A global range finder detects range data of the front part of the piles of material and a profile map is obtained from a 3D profile detection algorithm. A local range finder attached on the side of the arm of the reclaimer detects range data with the handling function dynamically, and a local profile patch is acquired from the range data A yard profile map manager constructs a map by using the 3D profile of the global range finder and revises the map by replacing it with the local profile patch obtained Iron the local range finder. The developed vision system was applied to a simulator and the results of test show that it is appropriate to use for automating the material handling.