• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.326-330
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• 1994

The treatment of pseudomonal infection is a perplexed problem because of its modest susceptibility to most of the major antibiotics. A novel Pseudomonas vaccine(CFC-101) was prepared from the outer membrane protein fractions of several Pseudomonas strains. In this study, we examined CFC-101's effectiveness in both active and passive immunization models. CFC-101 in mice at 0.2 mg/kg, i.p., given three times at two-day intervals, completely prevented the death caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibody titer, in accordance with the protective effect in this active immunization, was elevated to its peak level following three consecutive administrations of CFC-101. Thereafter, antibody titer stayed at a constantly high level. Each outer membrane protein fraction from the four CFC-101 producers, exhibited good cross-protective effects in mouse infection models against different Fisher types of P. aeruginosa. In the passive immunization model, 21~336 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of anti-rabbit IgG to CFC-101, when mice being infected with a challenge strain, prevented the Pseudomonhas-induced death up to 60%. Therefore, the preventive effect of CFC-101 was verified in both the active and passive immunization models.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.324-328
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to measure growth rate and endocrine changes and to improve milk production by somatostatin passive immunization in rat. Experimental animals were 10 weeks old 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned each 10 in control (normal sheep serum injected: NSS) and treatment (anti-somatostatin injected), and pre-fed for 2 weeks. Anti-somatostatin was purified from serum of 1 year old sheep after somatostatin active immunization, and was injected daily to rats, and growth rate and milk yield were measured for 14 days. Growth rate of litters was 2.15 g/d and 2.32 g/d in NSS and anti-somatostatin injected, respectively. Milk production was increased 6.2% in day 8 and 6.5% in day 12 by anti-somatostatin injection. Plasma growth hormone, insulin, glucose, and urea-N were increased, but non-esterified fatty acid was decreased by anti-somatostatin injection. In summary, passive immunization of somatostatin improved growth rate of litters and milk production in rats.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2014

Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii is widespread globally and causes severe diseases in individuals with impaired immune defences as well as congenitally infected infants. The high prevalence rate in some parts of the world such as South America and Africa, coupled with the current drug treatments that trigger hypersensitivity reactions, makes the development of immunotherapeutics intervention a highly important research priority. Immunotherapeutics strategies could either be a vaccine which would confer a pre-emptive immunity to infection, or passive immunization in cases of disease recrudescence or recurrent clinical diseases. As the severity of clinical manifestations is often greater in developing nations, the development of well-tolerated and safe immunotherapeutics becomes not only a scientific pursuit, but a humanitarian enterprise. In the last few years, much progress has been made in vaccine research with new antigens, novel adjuvants, and innovative vaccine delivery such as nanoparticles and antigen encapsulations. A literature search over the past 5 years showed that most experimental studies were focused on DNA vaccination at 52%, followed by protein vaccination which formed 36% of the studies, live attenuated vaccinations at 9%, and heterologous vaccination at 3%; while there were few on passive immunization. Recent progress in studies on vaccination, passive immunization, as well as insights gained from these immunotherapeutics is highlighted in this review.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2016

본 연구는 예방접종을 위해 병원을 방문한 학령전기 아동을 대상으로 관심전환 중재를 제공하고, 중재가 그들의 통증반응에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 시도되었다. 실험 1군에는 수동적 관심전환 중재(만화 동영상)를, 실험 2군은 능동적 관심전환 중재(상호작용이 가능한 장난감)를 제공한 후 일상적인 통증관리 이외에 관심전환 중재를 제공하지 않은 대조군과 비교한 비동등성 대조군 사후설계를 이용한 유사실험연구이다. 자료는 2014년 10월 22일부터 11월 5일까지 집단 별로 30명씩 수집하였고, 통증반응은 아동, 부모 및 연구자에 의해 측정되었다. 연구 결과 관심전환 중재를 제공받은 실험군(수동적 관심전환 중재군, 능동적 관심전환 중재군)과 대조군은 아동이 자가보고한 통증반응(F=68.92, p=< .001), 부모가 지각한 아동의 통증반응(F=42.63, p=< .001) 및 연구자가 관찰한 아동의 통증반응(F=114.56, p=< .001)에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 실험 집단 간에도 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 관심전환 중재가 학령전기 아동의 예방접종과 관련된 통증을 경감시키는 데 효과적인 중재이고, 수동적 방법이 능동적 방법보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 추후 연구에서는 관심전환 중재 및 관심전환 중재물의 형태에 따른 효과를 검증하기 위한 반복연구가 요구된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1169-1175
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• 2018

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of active and passive immunization against synthetic inhibin and steroid-free bovine follicular fluid, respectively, on reproductive fecundity out of breeding season in Iraqi Awassi ewes. Methods: Follicular fluid was aspired from mature bovine follicles, treated with activated charcoal, and used for immunization of male rabbits for obtaining steroid free bovine follicular fluid (SFBFF) antiserum. Forty non-pregnant Awassi ewes were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10 each). At day 38 of experiment, ewes were treated with intra-vaginal MPA sponge (60 mg for 12 days). At days 0, 28, and 50, ewes were treated with 4, 2, and 2 mL of normal saline (control; C-ve), 400, 200, and $200{\mu}g$ of ovalbumin (C+ve), 400, 200 and $200{\mu}g$ of inhibin (SI group), respectively, and 4 mL of normal saline at day 0, and 4 and 2 mL of SFBFF antiserum at days 28 and 50, respectively, (AI group). After mating with Awassi rams, pregnancy and embryo number were diagnosed, at day 38 of pregnancy, using ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected at days 30, 60, 90, and 120 of pregnancy, for assessment of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. After parturition, numbers of delivered lambs were recorded. Results: The results revealed significant increase of P4 and significant decrease of E2 levels in SI and AI pregnant ewes than controls at days 30, 60, 90, and 120. Newborn number increased significantly in SI and AI treated than control ewes. Conclusion: Active or passive immunization against endogenous inhibin could augment reproductive fecundity out of breeding season in Iraqi Awassi ewes.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2009

Background: The FimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis is a crucial pathogenic component of the bacteria and has been implicated as a target for vaccine development against the periodontal diseases. Methods: In this study, the purified fimbriae (FimA subunit polymers) protein was used for immunization in their native form and B hybridoma clones producing antibodies specific to FimA were established. Results: The monoclonal antibodies prepared from selected two clones, designated #123 (IgG2b/ kappa) and #265 (IgG1/kappa), displayed different patterns of binding activity against the cognate antigen. Both antibodies reacted with conformational epitopes expressed by partially dissociated oligomers, but not with monomer as elucidated by Western blot analysis. Ascites fluid containing the monoclonal antibodies showed the inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads, an in vitro model for the pellicle-coated tooth surface. Conclusion: These results suggest that the monoclonal antibodies could be used as vaccine material against the periodontal diseases through passive immunization.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1993

병원성 자유생활아메바인 Aconaamoebonensoni로 면역된 어미 마우스로부터 태어난 새끼 마우스를 다시 면역시켰을 때, 어미로부터 받은 수동면역이 새끼 마우스의 능동면역 시행시 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 관찰하고자 수막뇌염 발생에 따른 사망률, 혈청내 항체가 측정 및 세포 분리분석기를 이용하여 T세포 아형을 측정하였다. A. culbertsoni 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$개로 3회 면역된 어미 마우스로부터 수동면역을 전달받은 2-3주령의 새끼 마우스와 수동면역을 받지 않은 2-3 주령의 새끼 마우스를 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$개로 2회 면역하였을 때 혈청내 항체가는 같은 주령의 면역 을 시키지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 수동면역을 받은 군과 받지 않은 군간의 혈청내 항체가는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$개를 감염시켰을 때 사망률을 관찰한 결과 수동면역을 전달받은 군은 면역을 받지 않은 군과는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 수동면역을 받지 않은 군보다는 유의하게 높았다. T세포의 아형 중, $Ly2^{+}$ T세포는 어미로부터 수동면역을 전달받은 군이 수동면역을 받지 않은 군이나 면역을 시키지 않은 군에 비해 더 높은 비율로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 수동면역을 받은 부비주령의 새끼 마우스를 같은 방법으로 면역한 군과 대조군을 비교힌 결과, 영양형 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$개로 감염시켰을 때 사망률은 차이가 없었다. 따라서 면역된 어미로부터 태어난 새끼를 다시 능동면역하였을 때, 능동면역에 따른 항체가의 변동은 관찰할 수 없었으나 억제 T세포는 증가하였으며, 능동면역 시기에 따라 면역조절이 다르게 발현됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the effect of maternal protein intake on 1) the concentration of immune substances in milk 2) degree of passive immunity to pups via lactation, and 3) specific antibody production to a specific antigen, $\beta$-lactoglobulin(BLG). 4) the effect of passive immunity that pups received from mother during lactation on the production of antibodies when the pups were challenged to the same antigen. Part of the female rats were immunized with BLG before and during pregnancy. The pregnant rats were placed into either 25% or 10% isolated soy protein diet throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, pups from each group continued to be fed the same diet. At 18 weeks of age, all the pups were challenged with BLG. Total IgA and IgG, lysozyme, BLG-specific IgA and IgG were measured in dam's serum, dam's milk, and pup's serum. Total IgG, and lysozyme in dam's serum and milk were higher in high protein group. Total IgA and IgG in pup's serum remained higher in high protein group from 5 to 18 weeks of age. BLG-specific antibodies were found in the milk and serum of immunized dams, and in serum of pups born to immunized dams but not in the non-immunized group. BLG-specific IgA and IgG were again higher in high protein group and declined with time. The concentration decreased faster in the low proetein group than in the high protein groups. After immunization the pups with LBG, serum BLG-specific antibodies were not differ between rats born to immunized dams and those born to non-immunized dams. Therefore passive immunity rats received via milk as a pup had no effect on the BLG-specific antibody production later in life. This study shows the importance of protein status of mother and strongly support to the endorsement of breast feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1017-1021
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• 2005

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and a loss of functional myostatin protein increases muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia in cattle. The present study was conducted to investigate whether maternal passive immunization against myostatin would improve growth performance in chickens. A complete broiler myostatin cDNA was cloned and it was expressed into two transcripts as 1,128 bp and 985 bp by alternative splicing. A conjugated mature myostatin (350 bp) was used to induce autoimmunization and maternal passively immunized chickens was used for the experiment. It was confirmed that there was a maternal passive immunization against myostatin at zero weeks of age, but its effect was reduced by 6 weeks of age. The auto-immunized groups showed smaller body weights than those of control group during the growing period and the difference was getting bigger with time until 6 weeks of age. These results suggest that passive autoimmunization against myostatin used in this study is not potent enough to stimulate growth performance in chickens.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2022

The infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious and acute poultry disease caused by Birnavirus. However, the vaccination is the only disease prevention, but several factors impeded vaccine development. Thus, a need for time to develop a novel technique for managing and treating respiratory diseases in poultry birds. Passive immunization is a hope and a possible alternative used in birds to meet this need. The current research attempted to produce egg yolk-based polyclonal antibodies against the IBD virus. The benefits of IgY include ease of extraction, lack of reaction with mammalian Fc receptors, and low production cost. Commercial layers were immunized with inactivated IBD virus subcutaneously according to the treatment regimen. The eggs were gathered daily, and yolk antibodies were extracted with the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique. The use of an indirect hemagglutination test demonstrated that IgY was IBD-specific. Until the end of the experiment, the specific IgY immunoglobulins did not lose activity when stored at 4℃. The specific immunoglobulin (IgY) treated challenged birds were demonstrated 92% recovery in comparison to the control group. The study implies that the IBDV specific IgY is an easily prepared and rich source of antibodies and offers an alternative therapeutic agent to cure IBD-infected birds.