• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2006

Various drying conditions, temperatures (40 to $80^{\circ}C$) and durations (overnight to 72 hrs), for the particulate organic matter (POM) fraction after wet-sieving size fractionation have been applied for determination of POM contents in the weight loss-on-ignition method. In this study, we investigated the optimum drying condition for POM fraction in quantification of POM and/or mineral-associated organic matter (MOM; usually indirectly estimated). The influence of the drying conditions on quantifying POM was dependent upon soil properties, especially the amount of soil organic components. In relatively high organic soils (total carbon > 40 g/kg in this study), the POM values were significantly higher (overestimated) with drying at $55^{\circ}C$ than those values at $105^{\circ}C$, which were, for example, 173.2 and 137.3 mg/kg, respectively, in a soil studied. However, drying at $55^{\circ}C$ for longer than 48 hrs of periods produced consistent POM values even though the values were much higher than those at $105^{\circ}C$. Thus, indirect estimates of MOM (MOM = SOM-POM) also tended to be significantly impacted by the dry conditions. Therefore, we suggest POM fractions should be dried at $105^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs as determining POM and MOM contents. If the POM traction is needed to be dried at a lower temperature (e.g. $55^{\circ}C$) with a specific reason, at least 48 hrs of drying period is necessary to obtain consistent POM values, and a moisture correction factor should be determined to adjust the values back to a $105^{\circ}C$ weight basis.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1375-1383
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• 2014

Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(TN), and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were measured in the sediment and suspended parties in fresh lake water and saline estuarine water to determine the sources of Particulate organic matter(POM) in the sediments of the Youngsan river estuary. POM in the freshwater discharge water was mostly phytoplankton origin with little trace of terrestrial plants. POM from phytoplankton blooms formed in estuarine water in response to the nutrient enriched freshwater discharges was the most important sources of POM in the sediment near the dike, comprising more than 40% of the total organic matter. POM from freshwater phytoplankton and oceanic phytoplankton were also important sources of the sediment POM, and their contributions varied with the distances from the dike. Contribution of freshwater phytoplankton to sediment POM decreased from the dike to the outside of the estuary.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

Background: Stoichiometry plays an important role in understanding nutrient composition and cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies have considered C:N:P ratios constant for both DOM (dissolved organic matter) and POM (particulate organic matter). In this study, water samples were collected in the six major rivers in Korea and were incubated for 20 days. C:N:P ratios were determined during the time course of the incubations. This allowed us to examine the changes in N and P contents of organic matter during decomposition. Results: POM and DOM showed significant differences in N and P content and the elemental ratios changed during the course of decomposition; DOM showed higher C:N and C:P ratios than POM, and the C:N and C:P ratios increased during decomposition, indicating the preferential mineralization of P over N and N over C. Conclusions: The N and P contents of organic matter in aquatic ecosystem are far from constant and vary significantly during decomposition. More detailed information on the changes in C:N:P ratios will provide improved understanding of decomposition processes and improved modeling of aquatic ecosystems.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

To assess the relative contribution of bacterial and phytoplankton biomasses to particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column, microbial abundance and biomass were from two transects in the western channel of the Korea Strait in 1996. Bacterial abundance had a mean value of $5.9{\times}10^5$ cells/ml and chlorophyll-a averaged 0.14 ${\mu}g/l$. Bacterial abundance in the Korea Strait showed a positive relationship with chlorophyll-a concentration, while the distribution of POM did not covary with chlorophyll-a. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations were greater in August than in October. Bacterial carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations were greater in August than in October. Bacterial carbon and nitrogen biomasses were 7.29 ${\mu}gC/l$ and 1.24 ${\mu}gN/l$, respectively, during the study periods. Bacterial biomass was larger in October than in August due to the autumn phytoplankton bloom. Phytoplankton biomass based on chlorophyll-a was 7.67 ${\mu}gC/l$ for carbon and 1.10${\mu}gN/l$l for nitrogen. The ratio of bacterial carbon (BC) to phytoplankton carbon (Cp) averaged 0.95 in the Korea Strait in 1996. Bacteria may play a more significant role in the dynamics of POM than phytoplankton do in August, with BC/Cp ratio of 1.26. The ratio of BC to Cp increased with a decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration. Averaged over all the samples in both cruises, the contribution of microbial biomass to POC and PON was about 43% and 51%, respectively. Bacterial assemblage constituted a significant fraction of POC (21%) and PON (27%). Phytoplankton accounted for 22% of POC and 24% of PON. Microbial biomass played a more important role in the dynamics of POC and PON in October than in August due to a significant increase in microbial biomass in the southern transect (transect-B) in October by the autumn phytoplankton bloom. This study showed that marine microbes may constitute a significant part in the reservoir of POM in the Korea Strait.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 신두리 갯벌 퇴적물의 유기물 기원을 추정하는 것이다. 이를 위해 갯벌의 3지점(Stn. A, B, C)에서 입도, 유기물 함량, C/N비 및 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 퇴적물의 공간적 변화에서 유기물은 퇴적물 미립자 함량과 양의 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 모래 갯벌인 지점 A에서는 해양 미립자 유기물(해양 POM)과 어류 양식장 미립자 유기물(어류 양식장 POM)에서 비롯된 유기물의 퇴적 특성을 보였고, 펄 갯벌인 지점 C에서는 육상식물(TP)과 저서미세조류(BMA)의 유기물 퇴적 특성을 보였다. 한편 혼합갯벌인 지점 B에서는 지점 A와 지점 C 중간적인 해양 POM과 저서미세조류의 영향을 받고 있었다. 또한 퇴적물 내 유기물의 양과 기원은 공간적 변화에 의존하며 그 요인은 조사지점간의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 지점 C의 퇴적물은 육상유기물과 펄 미립자(< 63 ㎛)로 높은 TOC 농도를 보였다. 이러한 사실은 미립자 함량과 유기물질이 지점 C의 퇴적환경 조건에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1994

반폐쇄성 내만인 진해만의 입자유기물 (POM)함량과 C:N:P비의 변화를 1993년 1월 부터 12월 까지 1년간 조사하였다. 입자유기탄소와 질소 및 입자 인의 농도는 각각 198∼4,416 ugC/l과 24∼792 ugN/l 및 4.50∼69.00 ugP/l범위였고 특히 입자유기탄소 와 질소농도는 여름철에 가장 놓고 그 외 계절에는 유사한 농도분포를 보이면 uni-modal한 계절변동이 나타났다. 입자물질의 C:N:P 원자비 역시 여름철에 가장 높았 다. C:N 원소비는 년중 6.53 Redfield ratio와 거의 일치하며 겨울철(1, 2월)을 제외 한 조사기간중 표층수중의 POM 농도와 chlorophyll-a 사이에 높은 상관관계가 나타난 다. 이와 같은 결과들은 조사해역의 입자유기물농도가 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 의해 조 절된다는 것을 보여주고 특히 많은 육수유입과 함께 강한 성층이 형성되는 여름철의 높은 POM농도는 육상으로부터 다량의 영양염 공급에 의한 식물플랑크톤의 대증식에 기 인하는 것으로 보인다. 한편 여름철의 높은 POC:PP 와 PON:PP ratio는 인산염에 비하 여 과다한 질소계 영양염을 함유한 육수유입의 영향으로 인산염이 제한요인으로 작용 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

The lab-scale BNR processes fed with Municipal Wastewater Before or After Primary Clarifier (MWBPC or MWAPC) were operated to observe the behavior of particle organic matter in terms of nitrification and denitrification efficiency. As a result of the fractionation of the COD from MWBPC or MWAPC using an aerobic respirometric serum bottle reactor, the total mass of biodegradable organic matter from MWBPC is about 52% greater than the mass from MWAPC. Batch reactors were operated to observe the effect of the Particulate Organic Matter (POM) on substrate utilization for denitrification. Although the consumption of POM for denitrification was observed, the increment of the Specific Denitrification Rate (SDNR) was not great. In terms of the effect of POM on nitrification at different HRTs, activate sludge reactors were operated to determine the optimal HRT when MWBPC and MWAPC were fed relatively. All reactors showed a great organic matter removal efficiency. Reactors fed with MWAPC had obtained the nitrification efficiency above 90% when the HRT of 4 hr, at least, was maintained, while reactors fed with MWBPC had same efficiency when the HRT longer than 5 hr was kept. Three parallel $A^2/O$ systems fed with MWBPC or MWAPC relatively were operated to investigate the effects of POM on BNR processes with varying the HRT of an anoxic reactor. For all systems, the efficiency of organic matter removal and denitrification, respectively, was great and about the same. In case of denitrification efficiency, system with MWAPC had 1.5% lower than system with MWBPC at the same HRT of anoxic reactor of 2 hr, and the increasing the HRT of the anoxic reactor by 1 hr in systems fed with MWBPC resulted in a 3.5% increment. The denitrification rate was similar while the consumption of organic matter in systems fed with MWBPC was higher than system fed with MWBPC. It suggests that POM in MWBPC was not be used significantly as a substrate for denitrification in system with the HRT of 3 hr of an anoxic reactor.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

본 연구는 안정동위원소 분석방법을 적용하여, 호소내 식물플랑크톤 성장에 영향을 미치는 외부 오염원의 기원을 추정함으로써, 효율적인 수질 관리 및 수생태계 기능해석을 제공하기 위하여 연구하였다. POC, PN, Chl. a, 탄소 안정동위원소비 및 질소 안정동위원소비의 자료로 유추해 보았을 때, 팔당댐, 남한강, 북한강 지역에 비해서 경안천 지역에서 계절에 따른 유기물의 기원 변동이 뚜렷하게 관찰되고 있다. 유입량 및 강우량이 많은 시기인 7, 8월경에 입자성 유기물의 기원이 자생기원 유기물보다는 외부기원 유기물이 높은 영향을 미치는 것으로 여겨진다. 한강 유역에서 입자성 유기물의 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용한 유기물 기원 연구는 적용가능 할 것으로 여겨지며, 추후 유역 오염원의 대표값(end member)의 지속적인 조사를 통하여 자료구축이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2000

The importance of terrestrial organic matter as a food source for a brackish water clam Corbicula japonica was evaluated using stable carbon isotope ratios (${\delta}^{13}$C) in its tissues and potential food resources in an estuarine system of Youngil Bay, Korea. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) had distinct ${\delta}^{13}$C values from riverine (-31.8 to -27.2%$_o$) to marine waters (-21.0 to -16.6%$_o$). Estuarine macroalgae had a wide ${\delta}^{13}$C range of -22.8 to -15.0%$_o$. The ${\delta}^{13}$C values of riverine POM were more negative than that of riverine phytoplankton (-26.5 to -24.2%$_o$) but similar to that of freshmarsh plant species (-29.1 to -27.5%$_o$ for Phragmites communis and -28.5 to -27.0%$_o$ for Salix gracilistyla), These ${\delta}^{13}$C values suggest that the POM transported by the Hyungsan River is predominantly of terrestrial origin rather than riverine autochthonous sources. The ${\delta}^{13}$C values of Corbicula japonica tissues (-28.7 to -27.2%$_o$) were most similar to values for riverine POM and freshmarsh plants. There was no significant difference in the isotopic composition of the clam individuals. The results indicate a predominant contribution of organic carbon derived from terrestrial and fresmarsh plant detritus to the diet of Corbicula japonica. Our results also confirm previous suggestion that terrestrial organic matter can be incorporated into estuarine food webs although its role is confined to the upper estuarine reaches.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 댐 하류에 있어서 Stenopsyche marmorata의 먹이원과 더불어 필수 지방산의 변화를 조사했다. 조사결과, 수중 POM의 기원은 규조류, 녹조류 같은 미세 조류 유래 유기물과 세균 유래 유기물이 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 또한, S. marmorata의 지방산 검출에 의하면 규조류, 녹조류 및 세균이 주 먹이원으로 이용되고 있었다. S. marmorata의 ${\omega}3$ 필수 지방산은 ${\omega}6$보다 높게 검출되었으며, 전 조사 지점간에서 S. marmorata의 필수 지방산비는 약 7을 나타내고 있었다.