• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.36-39
• /
• 2019

The particulate matter that was emitted always come up by atmospheric environmental problem. Running on the road vehicles must have regular inspection at regular period and make sure the emissions of exhaust gases exceed the legal standards. Emission test for the atmospheric environment, but it is not free from the particulate matter. Currently, emission test of vehicle inspection is divided into regular inspection and close inspection. Regular inspection and close inspection differ not only the method of emission test, but also the facility standards that must have for this inspection. According to the "Regulations on the Implementation of Comprehensive vehicle Inspection, etc.", close inspection must have trapping device that is trap particulate matter by emission test to vehicle. However, regular inspection is different. Regular inspection do not specify any criteria for trapping facilities. Therefore, this study is confirm how to prevent the emission of particulate matter to the atmosphere during the year when mandatory trapping facilities are required to trapped particulate matter in the regular inspection.

• 대한의사협회지
• /
• 제61권12호
• /
• pp.749-755
• /
• 2018

Particulate matter is an air pollutant emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and its adverse health effects have been well documented in time-series analyses and cohort studies. The effect size of particulate matter exposure-a roughly 0.5% increase in mortality for each $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increment of short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ${\leq}10{\mu}m$ and approximately a 10% increase for each $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increment of long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$-is small compared to other risk factors, but the exposure is involuntary and affects the entire population, which makes particulate matter pollution an important public health issue. The World Health Organization and Korean government have both established guidelines for particulate matter concentrations, but the Korean guideline is less stringent than that of the World Health Organization. The annual mean concentration of particulate matter in Korea is decreasing, but the trend seems to be slowing. In addition to policy efforts to reduce particulate matter emission, personal approaches such as the use of face masks and air purifiers have been recommended. Personal approaches may not solve the fundamental problem, but can provide temporary mitigation until efforts to reduce emission make progress.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2021

The study aims to propose a locating method of green space for reducing Particulate Matter (PM) in ambient air in conjunction with its source traces and vulnerable groups. In order to carry out the aims and purposes, a literature review was conducted to derive indicators of vulnerable area to PM. Based on the developed indicators, the vulnerable areas and green spaces creation strategies for each cluster were developed for the case of Seongdong-gu, Seoul. As a result, six indicators for vulnerability analysis were came out including the vulnerable groups (children's facilities, old people's facilities), emission sources (air pollutant emission workplaces, roads), and environmental indicators (particulate matter concentration, NDVI). According to the six selected indicators, the target area was divided into 39 hexagons and analyzed to result the most vulnerable areas to particulate matter. As a result of comprehensive vulnerability analysis, the Seongsu-dong area was found to be the most vulnerable to particulate matter, and 5 clusters were derived through k-means cluster analysis. Cluster 1 was analyzed as areas that most vulnerable to particulate matter as a result of the comprehensive analysis, therefore urgent need to create green spaces to reduce particulate matter. Cluster 2 was areas that mostly belonged to the Han River. Cluster 3 corresponds to the largest number of hexagons, and since many vulnerable groups are distributed, it was analyzed as a cluster that required the creation of a green spaces to reduce particulate matter, focusing on facilities for vulnerable groups. Three hexagons are included in cluster 4, and the cluster has many roads and lacks vegetation in common. Cluster 5 has a lot of green spaces and is generally distributed with fewer vulnerable groups and emission sources; however, it has a high level of particulate matter concentration. In a situation where various green spaces creation projects for reducing particulate are being implemented, it is necessary to consider the vulnerable groups and emission sources and to present green space creation strategies for each space characteristic in order to increase the effectiveness of such projects. Therefore, this study is regarded as meaningful in suggesting a method for selecting a green area for reducing PM.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2017

Objectives: An on-site study was conducted in order to quantify indoor exposure levels and the emission rate of particulate matter for domestic poultry buildings. Materials and methods: Three types of poultry building (caged layer house, broiler house, and layer house with manure belt) as classified by mode of manure treatment and ventilation were investigated in this study. Nine sites per each poultry building were selected and visited for measuring exposure levels and emission rate of particulate matter. Total dust and respirable dust among the particulate matter were analyzed based on the weight method. Emission rates were estimated by dividing emission amount, which was calculated through multiplying indoor concentration ($mg/m^3$), by the ventilation rate ($m^3/h$), into indoor area ($m^2$) and number of poultry reared in the poultry building. Results: Mean exposure levels for total dust and respirable dust in the poultry buildings were $3.91({\pm}1.99)mg/m^3$ and $1.99({\pm}0.89)mg/m^3$, respectively. The emission rates of particulate matter in the poultry buildings were estimated as $4.75({\pm}1.22)mg\;head^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $64.39({\pm}24.95)g\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for total dust and $0.58({\pm}0.23)mg\;head^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $7.52({\pm}2.51)mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for respirable dust, respectively. The distribution patterns for total dust and respirable dust were similar regardless of poultry building type. Among poultry buildings, broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of total dust and respirable dust, followed by layer house with manure belt and caged layer house. Conclusions: The finding that the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of particulate matter can be attributed to sawdust utilized as bedding material, which can be dispersed into the air by movements of the chickens. Thus, a work environmental management solution for optimally reducing dust concentrations is necessary for broiler houses.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2007

Modern diesel vehicle has to comply with the EURO IV, V regulation with low level of particulate matter and smoke emission Moreover, emission standards of each countries are becoming stringent in advanced countries such as USA and Europe. Because Bio-diesel is similar to diesel fuel, it is essential to judge the environmental and health effects deriving from the use of Bio-diesel in diesel engine. The deterioration characteristics of emission in accordance with aging vehicles must be regulated for Bio-diesel. Therefore, under 1200 driving hours, 220,000km driving distance condition and full load, the deterioration characteristics of emission were estimated. We could reduce sulfur contents of fuel, particulate matter and smoke emission by using Bio-diesel and conform the influence of engine performance, emission, and fuel consumption by Bio-diesel deterioration

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.220-228
• /
• 2017

많은 산업 및 도로이동오염원 등으로부터 발생되는 미세먼지는 인간건강과 호흡기에 큰 영향을 미치고 있으며 이에 대한 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 세계보건기구(WHO)에서도 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 및 초미세먼지$PM_{2.5}$)를 석면 및 비소 등의 물질과 같은 등급인 1급 발암물질로 지정한 이후로 우리나라에서도 지속적인 관심과 연구를 진행해오고 있다. 현재 환경부와 각 지자체별로 미세먼지 및 대기오염정보를 구축하여 제공하고 있지만, 특히 미세먼지 주의보 및 경보발령에 있어서 미세먼지 $PM_{10}$ 및 $PM_{2.5}$ 자료만을 활용하고 있고 미세먼지형성에 영향을 주는NOx, SOx, $NH_3$자료는 활용 및 고려를 하지 않고 있다. 또한 국내 산업별 및 지자체별로 세부적인 미세먼지형성 가능성(particulate matter formation potential) 및 발생되는 미세먼지로 인한 인체호흡기 영향평가(respiratory effects)와 관련된 연구는 많이 진행이 되고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국내 11개 산업별 및 시도별로 2001년과 2013년 환경부 및 국립환경과학원에서 제시하고 있는 NOx, SOx, $PM_{10}$, $NH_3$ 자료를 활용하여 미세먼지형성(particulate matter formation potential) 평가와 이로 인한 인체 호흡기 영향을 평가 및 산정하여 비교 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과로는 산업별 및 시도별로 미세먼지형성과 인간건강에 영향을 제시하였으며, 향후 미세먼지 관련 연구에 중요하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.461-471
• /
• 2015

Base on emission factors derived from National Institute of Environmental Research, Particulate matter from combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) has been estimated to be a important source of $PM_{10}$. Generally there is no serious emission of particulate matter in CCPPs. because the fuel of them is natural gas. But emission gas after long shut down season has very high dust content. Therefore $PM_{10}$ emission rate is dependent on its operation mode. In this study, particulate dispersion study for new city near CCPPs complex has performed using CALPUFF model for three case. $PM_{10}$ concentration has big difference between normal operation and 2 case start-up condition after long shutdown. In normal operating conditions, daily $0.32{\sim}0.50{\mu}g/m^3$ influence on of the surrounding area. But when 1~2 aerobic high concentration discharged conditions, average concentration is higher about $9.2{\sim}34.1{\mu}g/m^3$ than normal operating conditions.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.713-721
• /
• 2013

This study is about emission characteristics of HAPs and particulate matters emitted by spray of paint and organic solvent usually used in vehicle paint facilities. To analyze emission characteristics of HAPs and particulate matters emitted from vehicle paint facilities are calculated based on the measuring emission quantity of pollutants based on the amount of paint used (kg) and unit area ($m^2$) by paint manufacturers (J company, K company, and R company). In cases of paint manufacturers (J, K, and R), average emission factors of VOCs, carbonyl compound, particulate matter, and PAHs per 1 kg of paint were 327.81 g/kg, 5.98 g/kg, 336.70 g/kg, and 0.0078 g/kg respectively. The average emission factors of VOCs, carbonyl compounds, particulate matters, and PAHs by unit area were $171.55g/m^2$, $3.10g/m^2$, $176.27g/m^2$, and $0.0036g/m^2$ respectively.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2013

A particulate matter sensor fabricated by MEMS process is proposed. It is developed to accommodate Euro6 on-board diagnostics regulation for diesel automobile. In the regulation, emission of diesel particulate matter is restricted to 9 mg/km. Particulate matter sensor is designed to use induced charges by charged particulate matter. To increase sensitivity of the sensor, groove is formed on sensor surface because wider surface area generates more induced charges. Sensitivity of the sensor is measured 10.6 mV/(mg/km) and the sensor shows good linearity up to 15.7 mg/km. Also its minimum detectable range is about 0.25 mg/km. It is suitable to detect failure of a diesel particulate filter which should filter particulate matter more than 9 mg/km. For removing accumulated particulate matter on the sensor which can disturb normal operation, platinum heater is designed on the backside of the sensor. The developed sensor can sense very low amount of particulate matter from exhaust gas in real-time with good linearity.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제7권7호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1999

Diesel particulate matter is known to be one of the major harmful emissions produced by diesel engines. Diesel particulates are subject to diesel emission regulations and have lately become the focus in the diesel emission control technology. Thus, the aftertreatment system is adopted at the diesel engine exhaust to reduce the particulate emission. Although this benefit is recognized, it is not clear how the aftertreatment system influences quantitatively the particle size distribution distribution. In this study, the particle size distributions of diesel exhaust were measured using the scanning mobility particle sizer with and without the aftertreatment system. There results showed that the diesel particulate filter and plasm system reduced the number of emitted particles by more than 90% and about 80% respectivley in the particle size range of 20nm∼600nm. On the other hand no significant effect of the diesel oxidation catalyst on the particle number concentration was detected.