• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2021

An experiment to visualize fine dust captured by FOG droplet is conducted. Coal dust with 23.56 MMD (Mean Median Diameter) and water with 17.02 MMD is used as fine dust and FOG droplet. Long distance microscope and high-speed camera are used to capture the images of micro-scale particles sprinkled by acrylic duct. After measuring and comparing the size of the coal dust and FOG droplet to MMD, process to seize the coal dust with FOG droplet is recorded in 2 conditions: Fixed and Floated coal dust in the floated FOG droplet flow. In both conditions, a coal dust particle is collided and captured by a FOG droplet particle. A FOG droplet particle attached at the surface of the coal dust particle does not break and remains spherical shape due to surface tension. Combined particles are rotated by momentum of the particle and fallen.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 Gl5내 파티클의 각종 위치에서 발생하는 초음파 신호와 부분방전 신호의 페턴을 비교 분석하였다. 파티클 위치에 따른 초음파 신호와 부분방전 신호 패턴의 특칭은 전극 부착시 양의 반주기에서 큰 초음파 신호와 큰 부분방전 신호가 주기적으로 나타났으며, 외함 부착시에는 음의 반주기에서 큰 초음파 신호와 큰 부분 방전 신호기 주기적으로 나타났다. 그리고 스페이서 부착시에는 양, 음의 반주기에서 초음파 신호와 큰 부분방전 신호가 주기적으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 자유운동시에는 충돌에 의한 초음파 신호와 큰 부분방전 신호가 비주기적으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 초음파 신호와 부분방전 신호 패턴을 비교, 분석히변 GIS 내부에 존재하는 파티를의 위치 추정이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

An Euler-Lagrange two-phase flow model is presented fur simulation sheet-flow transport under wave and current. The flow is computed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation in conjunction with the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model for turbulence closure. The sediment transport is introduced as a motion of granular media under the action of unsteady flow from the Lagragian point of view. In other word, motion of every single particle is numerically traced with Movable Bed Simulator (MBS) code based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM), in which the frequent interparticle collision of the moving particles during the sheet-flow transport is sophisticatedly taken into account. The particle diameter effect on time-dependent developing process of sheet-flow transport is investigated, by using three different diameter sizes of sediment. The influence of an imposed current on oscillatory sheet-flow transport is also investigated. It is concluded that the sediment transport rate increases due to the relaxation process related to the time-lag between flow velocity and sediment motion.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.635-644
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• 1994

This study investigated mainly on the flow characteristics of a droplet in the cross region of twin spray. The velocities of the droplet were measured along the axial and radial direction, and the flow characteristics of the droplet were statistically analyzed. For the statistical analysis, the probability density of the turbulent components has been studied, and then the Reynolds shear stress, the skewness and the flatness factors were calculated, and compared with the Gaussian value. Two pressure swirl stomizers were used for the twin spray system and kerosene was employed as the working liquid. 2-D PDA(particle dynamic analyzer) was used for the purpose of the measurement of droplet size and velocities. As a result, it was found that (1) the droplets collision was taken place strongly in the cross region. So, a large momentum loss of droplets due to the loss of natural movement direction was occurred, and momentum loss of radial direction was greater than that of axial direction. (2) The axial direction skewness factor approached to zero like the Gaussian distribution in the cross region of twin spray. (3) In the cross region of twin spray, the fluctuation instability of droplet was increased because of the development of the turbulence characteristics due to the droplet collision.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.523-542
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• 2016

Snowdrift formation on roofs should be considered in snowy and windy areas to ensure the safety of buildings. Presently, the prediction of snowdrifts on roofs relies heavily on field measurements, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations. In this paper, a new snowdrift modeling method by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) coupled with DEM (Discrete Element Method) is presented, including material parameters and particle size, collision parameters, particle numbers and input modes, boundary conditions of CFD, simulation time and inlet velocity, and coupling calculation process. Not only is the two-way coupling between wind and snow particles which includes the transient changes in snow surface topography, but also the cohesion and collision between snow particles are taken into account. The numerical method is applied to simulate the snowdrift on a typical stepped flat roof. The feasibility of using coupled CFD with DEM to study snowdrift is verified by comparing the simulation results with field measurement results on the snow depth distribution of the lower roof.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.681-691
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• 2011

The size distributions of smoke particles from fire are prerequisite for the studies on fire detection and adverse health effects. Above the flame of the fire, coagulation dominates and the smoke particles grow from 1 to 50 nm up to 100 to 3,000 nm, sizes ranging from the free-molecular regime to the continuum regime. The characteristics of the agglomeration of the smoke particles are well known, independently for each of the free-molecular and continuum regimes. However, there are not many systematic studies in the entire regime by the complexity of the mechanisms. The purpose of this work is to find the characteristics of the development of the size distribution of smoke particles by agglomeration in the entire size range covering the free-molecular regime, via transition regime, to the near-continuum and continuum regime for each variation of parameters such as fractal dimension, primary particle size and dimensionless coagulation time. In this work, the dynamic equation for the discrete-size spectrum of the particles was solved using a nodal method based on the modification of a sectional method. In the calculation, the collision frequency function for the entire regime, which is derived by using the concept of collision volume and general enhancement function, was applied. The self-preserving size distribution for the entire regime is compared with the ones for the free-molecular or continuum regimes for each variation of the parameters.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2004

The dissolved air flotation (DAF) process has been widely used for removing suspended solids with low density in water. It has been known as measuring the size of microbubbles precisely which move upward rapidly in contact zone is difficult. In this study particle counter monitoring (PCM) method is used to measure the rising microbubble after injection from a nozzle. Size and distribution curve of microbubbles are evaluated at different conditions such as pressure drop at intermediate valve, length of pipeline between saturation tank and nozzle and low pressure. And the efficiency is also checked when it collides with different size floc. The experimental results show the following fact. As the final pressure drop occurred closer to a nozzle, the bubble size became smaller. And small bubble collides with large floc as well as small one because of its physical characteristic. However large bubble collides well with large floc rather than small one since hydrodynamic flow in streamline interferes to collide between two. With performing computational process by mathematical model we have analyzed and verified the size effect between bubble and floc. Collision efficiency is the highest when P/B ratio shows in the range of 0.75 < P/B ratio ($R_{particle/Rbubble}$) < 2.0.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.96-96
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• 2016

Nanotechnology mostly employs nano-materials and nano-structures with distinctive properties based on their size, structure, and composition. It is quite difficult to produce nano-materials and nano-structures with identical sizes, structures, and compositions in large quantities, because of spatiotemporal fluctuation of production processes. In other words, fluctuation is the bottleneck in nanotechnology. We propose three strategies to suppress such fluctuations: employing 1) difference between linear and nonlinear phenomena, 2) difference in time constants, and 3) nucleation as a bottleneck phenomenon. We are also developing nano- and micro-scale guided assembly using plasmas as a plasma nanofabrication.1-5) We manipulate nano- and micro-objects using electrostatic, electromagnetic, ion drag, neutral drag, and optical forces. The accuracy of positioning the objects depends on fluctuation of position and energy of an object in plasmas. Here we evaluate such fluctuations and discuss the mechanism behind them. We conducted in-situ evaluation of local plasma potential fluctuation using tracking analysis of fine particles (=objects) in plasmas. Experiments were carried out with a radio frequency low-pressure plasma reactor, where we set two quartz windows at the top and bottom of the reactor. Ar plasmas were generated at 200 Pa by applying 13.56MHz, 450V peak-to-peak voltage. The injected fine particles were monodisperse methyl methacrylate-polymer spheres of $10{\mu}m$ in diameter. Fine particles were injected into the reactor and were suspended around the plasma/sheath boundary near the powered electrode. We observed binary collision of fine particles with a high-speed camera. The frame rate was 1000-10000 fps. Time evolution of their distance from the center of mass was measured by tracking analysis of the two particles. Kinetic energy during the collision was obtained from the result. Potential energy formed between the two particles was deduced by assuming the potential energy plus the kinetic energy is constant. The interaction potential is fluctuated during the collision. Maximum amplitude of the fluctuation is 25eV, and the average is 8eV. The fluctuation can be caused by neutral molecule collisions, ion collisions, and fluctuation of electrostatic force. Among theses possible causes, fluctuation of electrostatic force may be main one, because the fine particle has a large negative charge of -17000e and the corresponding electrostatic force is large compared to other forces.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2024

몰리브데나이트는 몰리브덴의 주요 광물자원으로 고유의 소수성 표면으로 인해 부유선별을 통해 회수된다. 한편, 채광되는 몰리브데나이트의 결정크기 및 품위가 낮아지고 있다. 이로 인해, 단체분리에 요구되는 광물 크기가 작아짐으로써, 부유선별에 투입되는 원광 크기 또한 미립화되고 있다. 미립자는 기포와의 충돌확률이 낮아, 부유선별할 때 효율 감소를 유발시킨다. 이에 따라, 몰리브덴 확보를 위해서는 미립 몰리브데나이트에 대한 부유선별 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 5-30 ㎛의 미립 몰리브데나이트의 부유선별 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 기포크기 축소와 입자응집을 통한 효율 증진으로 접근하였다. 기포-입자 충돌확률을 시뮬레이션과 부유선별 실험을 통해, 미립자의 부유선별 효율이 향상될 수 있는 기포크기 및 입자응집체 크기에 대한 범위를 정량적으로 결정하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제공한 미립 몰리브덴광 부유선별 조건은 향후 몰리브덴 선광 플랜트의 부유선별 공정을 향상시키는 데 활용될 예정이다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2011

In this study, finite element analysis of particle-surface collision using 2-dimensional elements was performed to observe the effects of abrasive size and impact angle. The result of the simulation on the change in abrasive size revealed that larger abrasive particle induced larger contact stress due to force transfer through slurry fluid as the particle moved and pushed the fluid. This observation brought an important finding that the slurry fluid could make the workpiece surface soften and then change the mechanical properties of the surface layer such as elastic modulus and yield strength. As for the impact angle, it was found that the contact stress increased with the angle of impact and jumped up at a specific angle. Such result would be attributed to the complex effects of the impact velocity and angle.