• 동굴
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• 제71호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

A theoretical investigation of the solid phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3 mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl+$Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent,$zNa_2SO_4$, z=z*=11.25) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr+TlCl+zKCl=(z+1) KCl+TlBr (z=z1*=13.5), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.405-406
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• 2005

A theoretical investigation of the solid-phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano-sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3-mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact-friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano-TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl + $Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent, $zNa_2SO_4$, $z=z^*=11.25$) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano-TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr + TlCl + zKCl = (z + 1) KCl + TlBr ($z=z_l^*=13.5$), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1999

조직의 형태와 불순물의 함량이 서로 다른 2종류의 침상 코크스(needle cokes, NC)를 $2000\~3000^{\circ}C$온도범위에서 열처리한 후 이들의 흑연화도, 분쇄하였을 때의 입자크기, 크기분포 및 표면적을 측정하였고 리튬 2차전지의 음극특성을 조사하였다. 두 시료 모두 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 흑연화도가 증가하였으나, NC-B는 불순물의 영향과 분자간의 배열이 적은 모자익 조직을 포함하고 있기 때문에 흑연화도가 낮게 나타났다. 동일한 조건에서 분쇄하였을 때 입자의 평균크기는 흑연화도와 비례하였고 표면적은 반비례하였다. 흑연화도가 큰 시료일수록 입자분포의 균일도는 감소하였다 열처리 온도에 따른 음극 특성을 조사하였을 때, 2000"C까지는 결정결함을 포함하는 탄소질 층간(carbonaceous interlayers)의 감소로 인해 용량이 감소하였으나 그 이상의 온도에서는 흑연질 층간(graphitic interlayers)의 성장으로 용량이 다시 증가하였다. 분쇄한 시료는 파단면 표면에 부정합 구조가 생성되어 1.0 V이상에서 기울기를 갖는 방전곡선을 보여 주었으나, 이는 거듭된 충방전과 재열처리에 의해 0.25 V 이하에서 방전되는 흑연질 구조로 전환되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2017

In geological engineering, grouting with Portland cement is a common technique for ground improvement, during which micro-fine cement is applied as a slurry, such that it intrudes into soil voids and decreases soil porosity. To determine the utility and behavior of cements with different Blaine values (index of cement particle fineness) for stabilization of fine sand, non-destructive and destructive tests were employed, such as laser-ray determination of grain size distribution, and sedimentation, permeability, and compressive strength tests. The results of the experimental study demonstrated a suitable mix design for the upper and lower regions of the cement-grading curve that are important for grouting and stabilization. Increasing the fineness of the cement decreased the permeability and increased the compressive strength of grouted sand samples considerably after two weeks. Moreover, relative to finer (higher Blaine value) or coarser (lower Blaine value) cements, cement with a Blaine value of $5,100cm^2/g$ was optimal for void reduction in a grouted soil mass. Overall, study results indicate that cement with an optimum Blaine value can be used to satisfy the designed geotechnical criteria.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2009

붕적층을 포함하는 복합지반의 경우 역의 최대입자크기가 매우 크고, 붕적층을 구성하는 토질의 입도분포가 지역마다 다양하여 시험을 통한 설계지반정수 산정은 매우 어렵다. 또한 이러한 지층의 응력-변형율 거동은 블록(자갈, 전석 등)과 기질(모래, 실트 등)부 경계면의 공학적 성질에 좌우되지만 통상적으로 강도가 작은 기질부의 특성으로 강도정수가 결정되어 대상지반이 과소평가되기 쉽다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대상지역에 대한 대규모 트렌치 조사를 실시하고 굴착면에 대한 스캔라인 및 이미지 분석을 통한 역의 분포비율을 결정하고 이들 역의 분포비율과 기질부 강도정수를 BIMROCK 모형곡선에 적용하여 대상지역 붕적층의 강도정수 범위를 추정하였다. 마지막으로 강도정수의 적정성을 대상지층에 대하여 한계평형해석을 통해 검증한 결과 합리적인 전단강도를 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

In this century, scientists realized that carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere cause a greenhouse effect which affects the planet's temperature. Therefore lots of attempts have carried out to decrease the discharge of carbon dioxide gas in the field. The dissolved carbon dioxide flotation (DCF) process was developed as an alternative of DAF process to decrease the discharge and reuse of carbon dioxide as well as to save energy consumption. To investigate the particle separation characteristics and the flotation efficiency of carbon dioxide, SCC model was employed in the DCF process which has been applied extensively for the evaluation and simulation in the DAF process. The simulation results by the SCC model revealed the predicted curve of flotation efficiency became decreased gradually over the optimal pressure range of saturator about 1.6 atm in accordance with the experiment results of the DCF pilot plant and the size distribution and the bubble volume concentration of $CO_{2}$ bubbles depending on the operation pressure of saturator. The findings through the simulation results led to the conclusion that there was no significant difference between $CO_{2}$ bubbles and air bubbles, affecting on the practical flotation efficiency, in terms of the initial collision and attachment efficiency.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

Most of livestock houses are concentrated in certain area with mass rearing system resulting in rapid spread of infectious diseases such as HPAI (highly pathogenic avian influenza). The livestock-related vehicles which frequently travel between farms could be a major factor for disease spread by means of transmission of airborne aerosol including pathogens. This study was focused on the quantitative measurement of aerosol concentration by field experiment while vehicles were passing through the road. The TSP (total suspended particle) and PM10 (particle matter) were measured using air sampler with teflon filter installed downward the road with consideration of weather forecast and the direction of road. And aerosol spectrometer and video recorders were also used to measure the real-time distribution of aerosol concentration by its size. The results showed that PM2.5 was not considerable for transmission of airborne aerosol from the livestock-related vehicle. The mass generated from the road during the vehicle movement was measured and calculated to 241.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ by means of the difference between TSP and PM2.5. The dispersion distance was predicted by 79.6 m from the trend curve.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

PURPOSES : To ensure appropriate RCC properties with sufficient strength development and workability, it is necessary to secure a proper level of consistency. It is also necessary to secure maximum dry density, which is an important factor for increasing the interaction of aggregate interlocking, leading to an augmentation of RCC strength. On the other hand, the dry density of RCC can be changed owing to the compaction conditions, water content, and particle size distribution. A Proctor test and a modified Proctor test were used for determining the optimum water content needed to achieve maximum dry density with different amounts of compaction energy. A Vebe test, on the other hand, was used for checking the level of consistency, which is important for producing a workable mixture. METHODS : To confirm the degree of compaction at various particle sizes, RCC mixtures with different sand/aggregate ratios were evaluated. The Proctor test and modified Proctor test were applied to these mixtures to check the effect of the aggregate gradation and compaction energy on the maximum dry density and optimum water content. During each test, three specimens were produced for all types of water content under each aggregate gradation. A compaction curve and the optimum water content and maximum dry density for each aggregate gradation were then obtained for both tests. The range of water content for the appropriate consistency of each aggregate gradation was determined through a Vebe test. The optimum water content was then evaluated based on this range. RESULTS : The compaction test results show that the modified Proctor test provides a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum water content compared with the standard Proctor test. For the modified Proctor test, two cases of aggregate gradation (s/a = 30% and 70%) had the optimum water contents outside of the appropriate water content range. For the standard Proctor test, on the other hand, none of aggregate gradations provided the optimum water content within the desired range. CONCLUSIONS : The modified Proctor test should be used for an RCC mixture design because it can provide adequacy between maximum dry density and consistency. Moreover, the compaction roller has become highly developed for higher compaction energy.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.646-651
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• 2017

CNT 유동층 반응기(내경 0.15 m, 높이 2.6 m) 희박상 내 CNT 입자(평균입도 $291{\mu}m$, 벌크밀도 $72.9kg/m^3$)의 거동을 확인하기 위해 레이저 슬릿광 형상 측정법을 이용하여, CNT 응집체의 크기 및 형태를 측정하였다. 기포유동층 조건에서 CNT 반응기 내 축방향 고체체류량 분포는 하부 농후상과 상부 희박상을 갖는 S자 형태를 보였다. 기체 유속이 증가할수록 비산되는 CNT 응집체의 Heywood 직경과 Feret 직경이 증가하였고, 응집체 내 CNT 입자수가 증가하였다. 또한, 기체의 유속이 증가할수록 CNT 응집체의 종횡비는 증가하고, 원형도는 감소하였다. CNT 응집체의 원마도와 견고도는 기체의 유속이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 응집체의 형상 분석 정보에 기반한 희박상 내 응집체 형성 원인을 제안하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 하수관거의 기초나 뒷채움재로 많이 사용되고 있는 기존의 모래를 대체할 재료로써 석분의 적용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 석분재료에 대한 기본적인 물리적, 역학적인 특성실험을 실시하였다. 석분의 입도분포는 모래보다 더 좋은 상태를 나타내며, 다짐실험 결과도 모래보다 강도특성이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실험결과로부터 하수관거의 기초 및 뒷채움재로써 석분은 현장적용성이 우수한 것으로 평가되며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위하여 직접전단시험, 삼축압축시험을 실시하여 강도특성을 분석한 결과 모래의 경우와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 석분의 경우 일축압축강도 특성은 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 증가하는 경향을 보이지만 6~7일 경과 후에는 거의 일정한 값을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 실험결과로부터 석분도 하수관거의 기초 및 뒷채움재로 충분히 활용할 수 있는 재료로 평가되었다.