• 생태와환경
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• 제33권3호통권91호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2000

동물플랑크톤의 성장률과 밀접한 상관 관계를 가지는 요인들에 대해 스프리 강 중류의 호수 및 강 구획 (호수 유입부 (S1), 호수 유출부 (S2), 호수 유출부 지점에서 21 km 하류지점 (S3))에서 1999년 3월부터 11월까지 조사하였다. 총 동물플랑크톤 생체량은 S2지점에서 크게 증가하였고 S3에서 급격하게 감소하였다. 모든 조사지점에서 소형동물플랑크톤(윤충류와 유생)의 개체수는 대형동물플랑크톤(지각류와 요각류)의 개체수 보다 매우 높았다. 그러나, 대형동물플랑크톤의 생체량은 소형동물플랑크톤 생체량과 유사하거나 높았다. 대형 지각류 (Daphnia cucullata)는 조사지점 S2에서 우점한 반면, 조사지점 S1과 S3에서는 소형 지각류 (Bosmina longirostris)가 우점하였다. 주요 동물플랑크톤 군집의 성장률 ($r_t\;in\;d^{-1}$)은 조사지점 S1 과 S2사이 (호수구획)와 S2와 S3사이 (강 구획)에서 매우 달랐다. 호수 구획 내에서의 성장률은 양성적인 유형을 나타낸 반면 강 구획 내의 성장률은 음성적인 양상을 나타내었다. 여러 환경 요인 중, 스프리강 중류지점에서는 수체의 잔류시간(partial retention time: PRT, $d^{-1}$) 이 동물플랑크톤 군집구조의 특성을 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요인으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.377-381
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• 1993

Twenty male crossbred ($Sahiwal{\times}HF$) calves of about 6-9 months of age were divided into four groups of five animals each. All the animals were offered wheat straw ad lib. As the basal feed. However, animals in group I were fed concentrate mixture while the animals in groups II, III and IV had free access to urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) lick (I), (II) and (III) respectively as a partial substitute of concentrate mixture. The average concentrate offered (kg/day) to the animals was significantly (p<0.01) higher in group I ($2.69{\pm}0.18$) compared to groups II ($1.76{\pm}0.15$), III ($1.70{\pm}0.06$) and IV ($1.65{\pm}0.12$). The UMMB lick consumed was non-significantly different amongst groups I ($535.40{\pm}38.14$), II ($525.60{\pm}31.82$), III ($551.00{\pm}38.49$) and IV ($548.80{\pm}45.46$). Except ether extract, the digestibility coefficients of CP, ADF and NDF were non-significantly different in different groups. Similarly, N balance (g/day) and percent N retention of intake was not affected in different groups on supplementation of UMMB lick. Body composition of animals was similar in different groups supplemented with either concentrate mixture or concentrate mixture and UMMB licks. It may be concluded from these studies that UMMB lick can partially replace the concentrate mixture in the diet of growing calves without affecting the growth rate, nutrient utilization and body composition. The UMMB lick, thus, can form a part of the ration economically in the diet of growing ruminants especially in developing countries.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2020

Cured-in-place-pipe(CIPP) is the most adopted trenchless application for sewer rehabilitation to extend the life of the existing sewer without compromising both direct construction and indirect social costs especially applied in the congested urban area. This technology is globally and domestically known to be the most suitable for partial and full deteriorated pipe structure rehabilitation in a sewer system. The typical design of CIPP requires a significant thickness of lining to support loading causing sewage flow interruption and increasing material cost. This paper presents development of a high strength glass fiber composite lining material for the CIPP application and structural test results. The test results exhibit that the new glass fiber composite lining material has 12 times of flexural strength, 6.2 times of flexural modulus, and 0.5 Creep Retention Factor. These test results can reduce lining design thickness 35% at minimum. Even though taking into consideration extra materials such as outer and inner films for actual field applications, the structural capacity of the composite material significantly increases and it reduces 20 percent or more line thickness as compared to the conventional CIPP. We expect that the newly developed CIPP lining material lowers material costs and minimizes flow capacity reduction, and fully replaceable to the conventional CIPP lining materials.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1096-1103
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• 1999

A study was conducted to clarify the impact of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST) on the efficiency of absorbed nitrogen use for protein deposition in growing pigs. Three levels of dietary crude protein (9.0, 11.5, 14.0% CP) were used. Each had either a sub-optimum or near optimum lysine: CP concentration (Low-lysine, 3.8 g/100 g CP and High-lysine, 5.5 g/100g CP) in order to achieve different metabolic efficiencies for nitrogen deposition (ca. 45 vs. 60%). Twelve crossbred female pigs $(59{\pm}4kg\;BW)$ were placed in metabolism cages and fitted with bladder catheters. Each pig received an excipient injection daily for the first 10-d, a pST (5 mg/d) injection for the second 10-d, and then excipient for the last 10-d. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments (2 pigs/diet) and fed 4 times per d at $92g/kg\;BW^{0.75}$ $(3{\times}maintenance)$. Means for the excipient period were compared to means for the pST period. Urinary nitrogen (N) output declined in pST-treated pigs (p<0.01) irrespective of dietary protein content or lysine level. Nitrogen retention increased by an average of 11% (p<0.01) with pST treatment (726 vs. $803mg\;N/kg^{0.75}\;BW/d$). Forty-eight percent of the absorbed N was retained with Low-lysine diets, but this increased to 53% with pST injection (+11%, p<0.01). Pigs fed High-lysine diets retained 62% of absorbed N which increased to 69% with pST (+11% p<0.01). the addition of lysine improved N use by 27% (High vs. Low, p<0.01), but the effect of lysine and pST was additive (+40%). Therefore, pST improves N retention and the efficiency of apparently absorbed N use in growing pigs (>60kg). It does so with diets having the potential for either low or high efficiencies of N use (48% and 62%). More work is needed to determine if the partial efficiency of N use improves in direct proportion to pST dose since the improvement in protein deposition is a function of pST dose.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2013

Objective: To analyze the fatigue resistance, debonding force, and failure type of fiber-reinforced composite, polyethylene ribbon-reinforced, and braided stainless steel wire lingual retainers in vitro. Methods: Roots of human mandibular central incisors were covered with silicone, mimicking the periodontal ligament, and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate. The specimens (N = 50), with two teeth each, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group) according to the retainer materials: (1) Interlig (E-glass), (2) everStick Ortho (E-glass), (3) DentaPreg Splint (S2-glass), (4) Ribbond (polyethylene), and (5) Quad Cat wire (stainless steel). After the recommended adhesive procedures, the retainers were bonded to the teeth by using flowable composite resin (Tetric Flow). The teeth were subjected to 10,00,000 cyclic loads (8 Hz, 3 - 100 N, $45^{\circ}$ angle, under $37{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ water) at their incisoproximal contact, and debonding forces were measured with a universal testing machine (1 mm/min crosshead speed). Failure sites were examined under a stereomicroscope (${\times}40$ magnification). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: All the specimens survived the cyclic loading. Their mean debonding forces were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The DentaPreg Splint group (80%) showed the highest incidence of complete adhesive debonding, followed by the Interlig group (60%). The everStick Ortho group (80%) presented predominantly partial adhesive debonding. The Quad Cat wire group (50%) presented overlying composite detachment. Conclusions: Cyclic loading did not cause debonding. The retainers presented similar debonding forces but different failure types. Braided stainless steel wire retainers presented the most repairable failure type.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 1994

10-port 및 6-port 두 개의 밸브와 28% DC 200, SP 1700 및 Chromosorb 102 컬럼이 장착된 천연가스 분석용 복합컬럼시스템을 개발하였다. 천연가스를 이루고 있는 $N_2$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$, $C_2H_6$, $C_3H_8$, $i-C_4H_{10}$, $n-C_4H_{10}$, $i-C_5H_{12}$ 및 $n-C_5H_{12}$ 등 9개의 성분들이 모두 18분 이내에 바탕선 분리가 이루어졌다. 이 시스템의 정밀성 및 정확성을 측정하였다. 머무름 시간의 반복성은 0.02에서 0.16% 이내였고, 봉우리 넓이도 전반적으로 1% 이하의 반복성을 나타내었다. 검정곡선은 순수가스의 부분압력 주입법으로 작성되었고, 모든 성분들이 좋은 직선성을 나타내었다. 이 검정곡선을 이용하여 조성이 알려진 표준시료를 대상으로 단일컬럼과 복합컬럼 시스템에서 비교, 분석한 결과 단일 및 복합컬럼 시스템에서의 상대오차가 각각 0.5% 및 0.04% 이하의 값을 나타내었다. 복합컬럼 시스템을 도입 LNG 조성분석에 적용한 결과 복합컬럼에서의 발열량이 단일컬럼보다 낮게 평가되었고, 따라서 도입원가를 절감할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 1995

옥천습곡대 중앙부에 분포하는 중생대 화강암체의 전암 및 광물연령을 Rb-Sr, K-Ar, 휫션트랙법으로 측정하여, 그들 암체의 관입 정치시기와 지체구조 발달과정인 지열사를 규명하였다. 이들 중생대 화강암체중 Rb-Sr법으로 동시선 연령을 구한 쥬라기의 제천화강암체(~203 Ma)와 문경화강함체(~200 Ma), 그리고 백악기 중기의 무암사화강암체(~110 Ma), 월악산 및 대야산화강암체(~110 Ma)는 모드 스트론치움 초생값($Y^{87}Sr/^{88}Sr)_i$이 0.7100 이상의 값을 나타내여, "I-형"과 "S-형"에 속하여, 지각물질이 혼화된 "M-형"의 마그마로부터 결정분화한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또 위의 쥬라기 화강암체는 암상 및 조암광물의 지화학적 연구결과 심부에 정치되어 약 $300^{\circ}C$가지는 급히 낵강하였으나, 그 이후부터는 서서히 냉각한 것으로 생각되나, 문경화강암체는 ~110 Ma경에 천부에 관입한 백악기 중기의 월악산, 대야산 화강암체의 높고 큰 열로 동위원소계가 완전히 또는 부분적인 재평을 이루므로써, 각 연령측 안방법중 연령보존온도 이하의 연령측안시료에서는 실제 제시해야 할 연령보다도 더 젊은, 후기의 지질변동 시기(~110 Ma)를 제시하거나, 부분적인 연령감소를 나타내는 감소된 연령(K-Ar 감섬석 연령: 142 Ma)을 나타내고 있다. 또 백악기 중기(~110 Ma)의 무암사, 월악산, 대야산화강암체와 백악기 중기-말기(~90 Ma)의 속리산 및 형제봉화강암체는 천처에 관입하여 매우 단순하게 그리고 급속히 냉각한 암체인 것으로 확인되었다.