• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2018

In the recent decades, the application of composite materials, due to their desirable properties, has increased dramatically. In the present study, a quasi-encased trapezoidal section composite steel beam encased with concrete is thoroughly examined. Calculation of the load bearing capacity is carried out by finite element modeling of concrete and FRP beams with trapezoidal section under the effect of controlled displacement loading. The results are then validated comparing to the existing experimental results obtained from similar studies. Further on, the materials are changed to steel and concrete, and the section is de-signed in such a way that both concrete and steel reach a high percent-age of their load bearing capacity. In the last step, the parameters affecting the bending capacity and the behavior of the semi-confined composite beam are investigated. Results revealed that the beam diagonal web thickness plays the most effective role in load bearing capacity amongst other studied parameters. Furthermore, by analyzing the results on the effect of different parameters, an optimal model for primary beam section is presented, which exhibits a greater load bearing capacity compared to the initial design with the same amount of materials used for both sections.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권A호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

Wireless carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) systems are widely used but show extremely different transmission efficiency according to the operation environment. Simulation or prototype deployment is needed to see the transmission efficiency of a wireless CSMA system with the partial packet retransmission scheme. The lower bound for the transmission efficiency of such a system is found mathematically in this work. This shows how much the partial packet retransmission scheme improves the transmission efficiency quantitatively. It also shows that the maximum throughput is obtained at higher offered load compared to the conventional CSMA system without the partial packet transmission. The result of this work can be applied to IEEE 802.11 networks or wireless mesh networks.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1-2
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• 2014

In this paper the partial switching PFC converter which is based on predictive control is proposed. In terms of satisfying the harmonic standard, the predictive control shows a similar performance to the conventional average current mode control PFC in the normal input condition. Moreover, the current harmonic characteristic is insensitive to the distorted input voltage. With predictive control method, novel on-line partial switching strategy is suggested in this paper. Depending on the operating condition, the partial switching PFC converter can boost its output voltage. Also when its efficiency needs to be improved, according to load condition, the partial switching can be achieved. The proposed strategy is proved by the results of FFT and the loss analysis using PSIM 9.0.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The bending problem of a functionally graded cantilever beam subjected to uniformly distributed load is investigated. The material properties of the functionally graded beam are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness, according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. First, the partial differential equation, which is satisfied by the stress functions for the axisymmetric deformation problem is derived. Then, stress functions are obtained by proper manipulation. A practical example is presented to show the application of the method.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1998년도 Proceedings ICPE 98 1998 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.802-807
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• 1998

The main drawback of parallel type active power filters (APF) is the large capacity required for harmonic compensation. This paper evaluates the APF capacity requirement of harmonic/reactive power compensation for thyristor converter load. Theoretically achievable maximum power factor under partial load is evaluated. And it is shown that the APF capacity can be considerably reduced while slightly sacrificing the filtering performance by deliberately limiting the peak current of the APF.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.233-248
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to qunatatively analyze the stress patterns induced in the abutment, superstructure, supporting bone and to determine the deflection of abutment and superstructure by appling occlusal force to natural teeth supported fixed prostheses and implant-supported fixed prostheses. The analysis has been conducted by using the two dimensional finite element method. The implant and natural tooth-supported bridge has a first molar pontic supported by mandibular second bicuspid and implant posterior retainer, which were rigidly(Model A) or flexible(Model B). The natural teeth-supported bridge has a first molar pontic supported by mandibular second bicuspid and second molar, which were rigidly splinted together(Model C). 63.5kg(Load P1) of localized load on central fossa of first molar pontic and 24kg(Load P2) of distributed load on each occlusal surface were applied respectively. 1. The coronal portion of premolar pontic and posterior abutment in fixed partial denture deflected inferiorly in order of Model B, Model C and Model A under Load P1 and Load P2. 2. Mesial displacement of the coronal portion of premolar showed in Model A, Model B and Model C under Load P1, but mesial displacement of that in Model B and distal displacement of that in Model A and Model C showed under Load P2. 3. Mesial displacement of the coronal portion of the pontic and distal displacement of the coronal portion of posterior abutment showed in Model A, Model B and Model C under Load P1 and Load P2. Displacement in the case of Model B was greater than that of Model A and Model C. 4. In the case Model A under Load P1 and Load P2, high stress apically was concentrated in the mesiocervical portion of the posterior abutment than in the disto-cervical portion of the premolar. 5. In the case of Model B under Load P1 and Load P2 high stress was concentrated in the case of the premolar than in that of posterior abutment and high stress especially was concentrated in the connected portion of pontic and posterior abutment. 6. In the case of Model C under Load P1 and Load P2, high stress was concentrated in the distal area of the cornal portion of premolar and the mesial area of the coronal portion of posterior abutment, and stress pattern was anteroposterially symmetric around the pontic. 7. Load P1 and Load P2 compared, stress magnitude was different but stress pattern was similar in Model A, Model B and Model C. 8. Under Load P1 and P2, stress magnitude in the mesial distal portion and the portion of root apex of the posterior abutment was in order of Model B, Model A and Model C.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-35
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to investigate stresses in the various components of fixed partial dentures restoring the posterior teeth of the lower jaw, and to measure quantitatively the effects of certain modifications in structural design on the stresses in the restorations using two-dimensional photoelasticity. Two-dimensional photoelastic methods were used in this study. Several models of fixed partial dentures were constructed. Shoulder less margins and anatomic occlusal reduction were incorporated in Model 1. Rounded shoulders and flat occlusal reduction were incorporated in Model 2, while Model 3 was a cantilever fixed partial denture. Other similar fixed partial dentures were constructed with V and U notches deliverately included in the region of the fixed joints for comparative reasons. The birefringent materials used in this study were PSM-1 and PSM-5 in standard sheets. PSM-1 was used for constructing the substructure, and PSM-5 was used in making the components of the fixed partial dentures. The two materials were used in the construction of composite photoelastic models. Improved artificial stone was used to represent dental cement in luting the composite photoelastic models. Static loading procedures were used at preplanned sites to represent occlusal loads in the mouth. 35 mm color and B/W film were used to record isochromatics in accordance with photoelastic procedures. Data reduction was performed using the grid method, which helped in, the mathematical integration procedure (Shear difference method) to separate the principal stresses. The results were as follows. 1. Fixed partial dentures do not function in bending as a symmetrical beam. Alternate areas of tension and compression were demonstrated when multiple contact loading was used. 2. The weakest part in posterior fixed partial dentures is the fixed joint. 3. (1) Models I and modified Model I were loaded on the pontic using a 50 pound vertical static load. The shear stress near the posterior fixed joint in Model 1 (U notches) was+129.4 p.s.i., and at the same fixed joint in modified Model 1 (V notches) was+239.4 p.s.i. The concentration of stress in fixed joint was reduced by 50% when U notches replaced the V notches. (2) Modified Model 2 was loaded using a multiple contact loader at a total load of 125 pounds. The difference between the principal stresses (${\sigma}_1-{\sigma}_2$), shear stress, at the V notches was+600 p.s.i., and at the U notches was+3l7 p.s.i. The shear stress was reduced by 50% when U notches replaced the V notches. V-grooves at the fixed joints should be avoided, and should be replaced by regular shaped U-grooves. 4. Cantilever fixed partial dentures had much higher stresses at the fixed joint than fixed partial dentures that were attached at both ends.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.559-573
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• 2013

Geometrically non-linear axisymmetric bending of a shallow spherical shell with a clamped or a simply supported edge under axisymmetric load was investigated numerically. The partial load was introduced by the Heaviside step function, and the solution was obtained by the finite difference and the Newton-Raphson methods. The thickness of the shell was considered to be uniform and the material was assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. Sensitivity analysis was made for three geometrical parameters. The accuracy of the algorithm was checked by comparing the central deflection, the radial membrane stress at the edge, or the transverse shear force with the solutions of plates and shells in the literature and good agreement was obtained. The main findings of the study can be outlined as follows: (i) If the shell is fully loaded the central deflection of a clamped shell is larger than that of a simply supported shell provided that the shell is not very shallow, (ii) if the shell is partially loaded the central deflection of the shell is sensitive to the parameters of thickness, depth, and partial loading but the influence of the boundary conditions is negligible.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.593-599
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• 1999

A rotordynamic analysis is performed with a motor-bull gear rotor system supported on two partial bearings, which is intended to drive a high-speed turbo-chiller compressor impeller shaft through its built-in pinion gear. The motor-bull gear rotor system has a rated speed of 3,600 rpm, and is modeled utilizing the finite element method for analysis. As loadings on the bearings due to the gear action are significant in the system considered, each resultant bearing load is calculated statically by considering the generalized forces of the gear action as well as the rotor itself. The two support partial bearings are designed to take their varying loads along with their varying load angles, and they are also analyzed to give their rotordynamic coefficients. Then, a complex rotordynamic analysis of the motor-bull gear rotor-bearing system is carried out to evaluate its whirl natural frequencies and mode shapes and unbalance responses under various loading conditions. Results show that the bearings and entire rotor system are well designed regradless of operating conditions, i.e., loads and operating speeds.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1987

LRFD 설계형식의 개별안전계수를 확률이론에 의하여 구할 때 주로 AFOSM 방법이 이용되어 왔다. 그러나 이 방법에 의해 구한 하중 및 저항계수를 사용하면 결과적인 신뢰성지수는 목표 신뢰성지수와 다를 수 있다. 최근 Ayyub 등이 제안한 Reliability-Conditioned(RC) 방법은 목표 신뢰성지수에 부합하지만 계산의 신속성 및 일관적 체계를 유지할 수 없다. 본 연구에서 제안한 RC/AFOSM 조합방법을 이용하면 계산의 체계가 일관적이고, 다양한 설계조건에 대하여 거의 일정한 개별안전계수를 결정할 수 있으며 이로부터 결과되는 신뢰성지수도 목표 신뢰성지수에 매우 근접하다.