• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.6C
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• pp.834-841
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• 2004

There can be lips transformed geometrically in the lip images according to the location or the pose of camera and speaker. This transformation of the lip images changes geometric information of original lip phases. Therefore, for enhancing global lip information by using partial information of lips to correct lip phases transformed geometrically, in this paper we propose a method that can geometrically correct lips. The method is composed of two steps - the feature-deciding step and the correcting step. In the former, it is for us to extract key points and features of source image according to the its lip model and to create that of target image according to the its lip model. In the latter, we decide mapping relation after partition a source and target image based on information extracted in the previous step into each 4 regions. and then, after mapping, we unite corrected sub-images to a result image. As experiment image, we use fames that contain pronunciation on short vowels of the Korean language and use lip symmetry for evaluating the proposed algorithm. In experiment result, the correcting rate of the lower lip than the upper lip and that of lips moving largely than little was highly enhanced.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.69-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between children and adolescents' moral emotions - empathy, guilt and gratitude - and helping behavior. For this study, questionnaires on empathy, guilt, gratitude and helping behavior were administered to 938 students in the 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th and 11th grades attending elementary, middle and high school in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, enter multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Win 12.0. The main findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, by gender, empathy, guilt and helping behavior differed significantly, also, by grade, empathy, guilt, gratitude and helping behavior differed significantly. In addition, religion made a significant difference in empathy, gratitude and helping behavior. Secondly, variables influencing helping behavior were found to differ by developmental stage. The variable influencing the helping behavior of elementary school students was found to be empathic concern. For middle school students, guilt was found to influence their helping behavior, while for high school students, perspective-taking was found to be the key variable. Thirdly, gratitude was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relation between empathy(or guilt) and helping behavior.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2014

Recently, with the development of technology, social network service (SNS) has become a hot topic. Lots of companies are now making online marketing strategy to promote their products and brand identities using SNS. Through these strategies, companies can produce more profit as well as make better brand images by performing online public relations. Among the SNSs, Facebook has a lot of users, it has been regarded by companies as a suitable platform with respect to online marketing for latent customers. The companies of today typically have at least one account and a Facebook page, and constantly make relationships with customers. However, companies have been thoughtless in this process, and usually provide information to customers through one-way communication. Based on this phenomenon, a study was conducted herein on how to use Facebook pages for promoting products and brand identities, keeping good relationships between companies and customers. This study assumed that the types of interaction on Facebook pages and user involvement are the key factors affecting decision making of purchase. Four types of Facebook pages which were made virtually were used in analysis with 56 participants who were selected for the experiment. The results indicated partial verification of the hypothesis. Particularly, product involvement had an effect on decision making of purchase in all conditions. According to these results, it can be explained that there are close relationships between the psychological status of online behaviors and Facebook corporate pages. In addition, through linear tendency of this phenomenon, this can infer how to setup a positive relationship with latent customers and make improve brand images of products.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Purpose - The potential use of cryptocurrencies in a retail environment proposes a rapid shift from the traditional financial system. Nakamoto(2008) defines Bitcoin as an open source alt-coin based on the blockchain technology. Luther(2016) insists that the new technology will be widely adopted for the digital payment processes. However, the use of Bitcoin is in the real world is still sparse. Despite the growing attention and purported benefits, it is doubtful whether the Bitcoin will be eagerly accepted by ordinary consumers in the mainstream market. To answer this question, this paper develops a causal model that has a dual path to explain the motivation to adopt Bitcoin. According to Glaser, Zimmermann, Haferkorn, Weber, and Siering(2014), Bitcoin is both an asset and a currency at the same time. In summary, the attitude towards Bitcoin may vary depending on whether the fin-tech product is viewed as an asset or as a currency. Based on the arguments, we propose that asset attitude and currency attitude will give influence to consumers' intention to adopt Bitcoin. Research design, data, and methodology - Quantitative data collection is conducted from a Bitcoin SIG(special interest group) working in an internet community. As a result, 192 respondents who know Bitcoin completed the survey. To analyze the causal relations in the research model, PLS-SEM(partial least squares structural equation modeling) method is used. Also, reliability and validity of measures are tested by performing Cronbach's alpha test, Fornell-Larcker test and confirmatory factor test. Results - Our test results show that every hypothesis is supported except the influence of perceived ease of use. In addition, we find that the relationships between constructs are different between the high innovative group and low innovative group. Conclusions - We provide evidence that asset attitude and currency attitude are key antecedents of Bitcoin adoption.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.349-362
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• 2016

The numerical solutions of unsteady hydromagnetic natural convection Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between the two vertical parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation, thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo are obtained here. The fundamental dimensionless governing coupled linear partial differential equations for impulsive movement and uniformly accelerated movement of the plate were solved by an efficient Finite Element Method. Computations were performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters, viz., Thermal diffusion (Soret) and Diffusion thermo (Dufour) parameters, Magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, Thermal radiation and Schmidt number. The effects of these flow parameters on the velocity (u), temperature (${\theta}$) and Concentration (${\phi}$) are shown graphically. Also the effects of these pertinent parameters on the skin-friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer are obtained and discussed numerically through tabular forms. These are in good agreement with earlier reported studies. Analysis indicates that the fluid velocity is an increasing function of Grashof numbers for heat and mass transfer, Soret and Dufour numbers whereas the Magnetic parameter, Thermal radiation parameter, Prandtl number and Schmidt number lead to reduction of the velocity profiles. Also, it is noticed that the rate of heat transfer coefficient and temperature profiles increase with decrease in the thermal radiation parameter and Prandtl number, whereas the reverse effect is observed with increase of Dufour number. Further, the concentration profiles increase with increase in the Soret number whereas reverse effect is seen by increasing the values of the Schmidt number.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Guizibokryungwhan Herbal-acupuncture on the intravascular coagulation. At first 36 mice were divided normal group(n=6) and experimental group(n=30). Normal group had no treatment and experimental group was induced intravascular coagulation by injected endotoxin 0.5mg/kg into the caudal vein. The experimental group was divided Sample-A(n=12), Sarnple- B(n=12) and control group(n=6). Control group was administrated normal saline. Sample-A was injected Guizibokryungwhan Herbal-acupuncture manufactured by extraction method and Sample-B was injected Guizibokryungwhan Herbal-acupuncture manufactured by water-alcohol method. Then Sample-A and Sample-B was injected high and low concentration. All treatments were done to Kwanwon acupuncture point once a day for 5 days s.c.. The results were following. 1. Compared with the control group, the platelet count was significantly increased in high-concentrated Sample-A and Sample-B group. 2. Compared with the control group, the concentration of fibrinogen was significantly increased in all experimental groups. 3. The prothrombin time was sjgnificantly shortened in high-concentrated Sample-A and Sample-B group as compared with the control group. 4. The activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly shortened in high-concentrated Sample-A group as compared with the control group. 5. The Guizibokryungwhan Herbal-acupuncture has a concentration-dependent effects on the intravascular coagulation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of information technology application, and to identify the effect of information technology application en knowledge management process in clinical nurses. Method: Participants were 629 regular clinical nurses who had worked for over 1 year in general units of 9 tertiary medical hospitals including 2 national university hospitals, 5 university hospitals, and 2 hospitals founded by business enterprises. Data were collected from March to May 2003 through questionnaires. Thee structured instruments were used to collect the data: Information Technology Application scale, Knowledge Management Process Scale(Jeong, Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2003), and one for general characteristics. The data were analyzed using reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}$ test, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS for Windows 10,0 program. Result: 1) The HIS application degree, IT application ability, and IT application frequency were significantly correlated with the degree of knowledge management process activation and 4 elements of knowledge management process, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Storage, Knowledge Sharing, and Knowledge Utilization(p=.000). 2) The 3 variables, HIS application degree, IT application ability, and IT application frequency explained 47.2% of the total variance of the degree of knowledge management process activation, and 352% of me total variance of Knowledge Storage. And 2 variables, HIS application degree and IT application frequency explained 17.6% of the total variance of Knowledge Creation, 39.9% of the total variance of Knowledge sharing, and 33.8% of the total variance of Knowledge utilization(p=.000). 3) As a result of multiple regression analysis, the key determinant of the degree of knowledge management process activation for nurses was HIS application degree The HIS application degree, IT application frequency, position, IT application ability, and continuous total numbers of years working at the present hospital explained 51.1% of the total variance of the degree of knowledge management process activation(p=.000). Conclusions: These results suggest that the information technology application positively affects the nurses' knowledge management process. From the above findings, information technology application is empirically verified as a useful and effective method to activate knowledge management process, and knowledge management.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 1999

In order to understand molecular phylogenetics of silkworm (Bombyx mori), we analyzed the sequences of BmoMAR isolated from Bomhyx mori that is partial coding gene of transposase of mariner-like element(MLE). By pairwise comparing nucleotide sequences of BmoMAR with ten previously reported insect MLEs accessed in GeneBank, the average genetic distance was estimated to be 0.4840. The phylogenetics tree constructed from nine insect species except for human MLE(Hsmarl) by UPGMA method indicated that MLEs are divided into three clusters, and Drosophila mariutiana was independently subgrouped. Bombyx mori(BmoMAR) was subgrouped with microcaddishfly (Orthotrichia cristata), webworm(Atteva punctella), almond moth(Ephestia cautella), Hyalopora cecropia which we lepidoptera. Phylogenetics tree according to UPGMA principle, on the basis of informative nucleotide sequences of nine insect MLEs, indicated that Bombyx mori was more closely related to microcaddishfly(Orthotrichia cristata) and webworm (Atteva punctella) of lepidoptera. We suggest that insect MLEs are a useful key for studying molecular phylogenetics among intra species of insects.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.232-238
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• 2013

Water temperature is key factor influencing growth and reproduction of fish and its increase give rise to various physiological changes including gene expression. Heat shock protein (Hsp), one of the molecular chaperones, is highly conserved throughout evolution and its expression is induced by various stressors such as temperature, oxidative, physical and chemical stresses. Here, we isolated partial cDNA clones encoding 70-kDa Hsp (Hsp70) and $\beta$-actin using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) from gut of Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, a Korean indigenous species and cold-water fish, and investigated expression profiles of Hsp70 under an increase of water temperature using $\beta$-actin as an internal control for RT-PCR. Cloned Hsp70 cDNA of R. kumgangensis showed homology to Ctenopharyngodon idella (96%), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (96%), Danio rerio (93%) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (81%) Hsp70. Cloned $\beta$-actin cDNA of R. kumgangensis showed homology to D. rerio (98%), H. molitrix (97%), C. idella (97%) and O. mykiss (90%) $\beta$-actin. Both mRNA of Hsp70 and $\beta$-actin were expressed in gut, brain, and liver in R. kumgangensis. Futhermore, expression of Hsp70, in brain, was highly augmented by an increase of water temperature. These results suggest that Hsp70 mRNA expression level in brain can be used as a biological molecular marker to represent physiological stress against an increase of water temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2018

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a class of disinfection byproducts and a frequently detected nitrosamine with carcinogenic potentials. This review summarizes NDMA precursors, their formation mechanisms in chloraminated water, and mitigation strategies. Understanding the formation mechanism and characteristics of precursors is essential for developing a mitigation strategy. Dimethylamine (DMA), the most widely studied NDMA precursor, has an NDMA molar yield up to 3%. In comparison, a subset of tertiary amines, e.g., pharmaceuticals, generate up to 90% upon chloramination. Potent NDMA precursors, are characterized by their negative partial charge, low planarity values and molecular weight, and high bond length and $pK_a$ values. A nucleophilic substitution of tertiary amine on chloramine is a key reason for the high NDMA yield from the most potent NDMA precursors. The distribution and fate of NDMA in surface water, aquifers, and its formation in the distribution system can be mitigated through two strategies: (1) degrading or/removing NDMA after its formation and (2) pre-treatment of its precursor's prior chloramination.