• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

It was investigated how fuel injection timing - early injection and later injection - in conjunction with throttle open rate effect the fuel-air mixing characteristics, Engine power, combustion stability and emission characteristics on a DI CNG spark Engine and control system that had been modified and designed according to the author's original idea. It was verified that the combustion characteristics were changed according to fuel injection timings and Engine conditions determined by different throttle open rates and rpm. It was found that the combustion characteristics greatly improved at the complete open throttle rate with an early injection timing and at the part throttle rate with a late injection timing. Combustion duration was governed by flame propagation duration in a late injection timing and by an early flame development duration in an early injection timing. As the result, we discovered that combustion duration is shortened, lean limit is improved, air-fuel mixing conditions controlled, and emissions reduced through control of fuel injection timing according to change of the throttle open rate.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

The flow and combustion patterns have been investigated inside the gasoline engine cylinder with the swirl or tumble flow, whereas the air flow characteristics, which are generated in the part of intake system before entering into the intake manifold, have not been known completely. It is necessary to analyze the flow field in the intake system consisting of air rater, throttle valve and intake manifold. The throttle valve, used to control the intake air flow rate, is important because it makes various mass flow rate and flow patterns. Three-dimen-sional How characteristics such as velocities, turbulent intensities and Reynolds shear stresses are measured by the hot wire anemometer at the exit of the throttle valve with the variation in the valve opening angle($15^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) and the Reynolds numbers (45000, 70000 and 140000). There are a lot of changes in flow characteristics at $75^{\circ}$ due to the large recirculation flow comparing with those of the other cases, and the streamwise velocity is especially enforced strongly below the valve shaft. The other component velocities are relatively large near the centerline parallel to the valve shaft. The effects of the Reynolds number on the flow field are not severe.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2009

Engine bench tests has been done on a common-rail diesel engine with bio-diesel fuel to study effects of B100 and B20 on output power, fuel consumption and emissions. Test results show that B100 and B20 could reduce PM, HC, CO emission and smoke, but power decrease, fuel consumption increase and NOx increase obviously, B100 reduce PM and DS with $50%{\sim}70%$ and $80%{\sim}85%$ compared with diesel fuel, while B20 reduce PM and DS with $25%{\sim}35%$ and $30%{\sim}40%$. NOx of B100 and B20 increase $5%{\sim}20%$ compare to diesel.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2000

In-cylinde flow and mixture formation are key contributors to both idle stability and combustion stability at part load condition in SI engine. The real time measurements of air-fuel ration and in- cylinder residual gas fraction are particularly important to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms for combustion and emissions especially during cold start and throttle transient condition. This paper reports the cycle resolved measurements of residual gas fraction and equivalence ration near speak plug with value timing change and their effects on combustion characteristics at part load. The results showed that the effect of intake value opening on the residual gas fraction was smaller than that of exhaust valve closing because of the decreases of exhaust gas reverse flow from exhaust port. The variation of equivalence ratio near spark plug increased with the increase of value overlap and it closely related with heat release rate and combustion stability

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2007

Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion systems can be broadly divided for the process applied to 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. The former process is often referred to as simply HCCI combustion and the latter process as Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC). The region of stable engine operation tends to differ greatly between the two processes. In this study, it was shown that the HCCI combustion process of a 4-stroke engine, characterized by the occurrence of autoignition under a high compression ratio, a lean mixture and wide open throttle operation, could be simulated by operating a 2-stroke engine at a higher compression ratio. On that basis, a comparison was made of the combustion characteristics of high-compression-ratio HCCI combustion and ATAC, characterized as autoignited combustion in the presence of a large quantity of residual gas at a low compression ratio and part throttle. The results showed that one major difference between these two combustion processes was their different degrees of susceptibility to the occurrence of cool flame reactions. Compared with high-compression-ratio HCCI combustion, the ignition timing of ATAC tended not to change in relation to different fuel octane numbers. Furthermore, when internal EGR was applied to high-compression-ratio HCCI combustion, it resulted in combustion characteristics resembling ATAC. Specifically, as the internal EGR rate was increased, the ignition timing showed less change in relation to changes in the octane number and the region of stable engine operation also approached that of ATAC.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel of internal combustion engines. In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated on a natural gas engine at two different fuel injection timings during the intake stroke. The results show that fuel injection timing affects combustion processes. The optimum spark timing (MBT) achieving the maximum indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) is related to fuel injection timing and air fuel ratio. At MBT spark timing, late fuel injection timing delays ignition timing and prolongs combustion duration in most cases. But fuel injection timing has little effect on IMEP at fixed lambdas. The coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP is dependent on air fuel ratio, throttle positions and fuel injection timings at MBT spark timing. The COV of IMEP increases with lambda in most cases. Late fuel injection timings can reduce the COV of IMEP at part loads. Moreover, engine-out CO and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions can be reduced at late fuel injection timing.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.146-159
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• 2021

본 연구는 고령운전자 운전특성 파악을 위한 실증적 분석의 일환으로 차량 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 고령운전자의 주행특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존연구 고찰에서 고령운전자의 주행특성 요소를 파악한 후, 시뮬레이션 환경을 구축하고 일반 운전자와의 주행 비교를 통해 고령자 운전특성을 명확히 도출하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 고령운전자는 주행속도, 운전조작(브레이크, 스로틀, 스티어링 작동) 등 차로편측을 제외한 모든 항목에서 일반 운전자와는 다른 주행특성을 보이는 사실을 확인하였으며, 주요 특성으로 차로변경 시 속도유지 및 적정 차간간격 확보가 어렵고, 돌발 상황 발생 시 정지거리와 소요시간이 더 많이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 결과적으로 고령운전자 주행거동의 일의적 특성을 입증할 수 있었고, 도로설계, 고령자 관련 교통정책 수립 등에 유효한 지침을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

Rotary dampers are damping devices which provide high resistance to shaft rotation. Rotary dampers are being used in various areas to enable the gentle opening and closing of the rotation motion relative to home furniture, industry machinery and automotive parts. Rotary dampers can be installed directly at the rotating point of a various part and can achieve uniform, gentle movement which increases quality and value of products. And generally, the silicone fluid is used as the damping medium because of its stable viscous properties. The movement of these little decelerators can be achieved with a high viscosity of working fluid and throttles installed in the body of the rotary damper. The damping force can be achieved clockwise, anti-clockwise or in both directions according to the structure of the orifices or throttles. In this paper, the torque performances of the rotary damper containing air in the working fluid were studied. For this purpose, the torque characteristic of the rotary damper according to the variation of various operating conditions such as clearance of leakage, dimensions of groove orifice, content ratio of air, etc., were simulated with AMEsim software.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2002

터보프롭 엔진(PT6A-62)의 정상상태 및 동적 성능모사를 위한 프로그램을 개발하였다. 특히 이 프로그램은 Flat-rated 성능특성과 압축기서지 및 압축기터빈 입구제한온도 초과 방지를 위한 한도제어 알고리즘을 포함하였다. 해석오차를 최소화 하기 위해 조합 오차 값을 이용한 구성품 성능 데이터의 보간 방법과 온도의 함수로서 계산된 정압비열가 비열비가 사용되었다. 개발된 정상상태 성능해석 프로그램은 고도, 비행속도, 블리드유량, 흡입구온도 및 압력, 제한출력등의 여러 조건을 고려 할 수 있으며, 천이상태 성능해석 프로그램은 일반모드와 압축기 서지 방지 모드, 터빈 제한온도 초과방지 모드로 선택하여 해석을 수행할 수 있도록 구성하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The research shows the experiment results according to the combustion characteristics and configuration of the linear generator of powerpack for the generating power applying the 2-stroke compact linear engine. The powerpack used in this paper consists of 2-stroke linear engine, linear generator and air compressor parts. For identifying the combustion characteristics and generating power of linear engine, some parameters were varied sucha as electric load, fuel input calorie, spark timing delay and equivalence ratio. Also generating power was confirmed at each operation conditions, when the air gap length of linear generator part was changed as each 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm. During the all operations, intake air was inputted under the wide open throttle. Mass flow rate of air and fuel was changed using mass flow controller, after these were premixed by premixture device, and then premixed gas was supplied directly into each cylinder. As a result, piston frequency and combustion characteristics were different at each conditions according to parameters affecting the combustion such as fuel input calorie, resistive load, spark timing delay and equivalence ratio. Consequently, these had an effect on generating power.