• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.327-337
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to review the current clinical studies about the effect of herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease in China over the last 5 years and then to suggest the foundation for treatment and further studies. We had searched for studies in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) and PubMed from January 2010 to December 2014. Key words were the various combinations of '帕金森', '湯', '丸', '散', '中醫藥', 'Parkinson's disease', and 'herbal medicine'. Total 53 clinical studies were selected and analyzed. The most frequently used diagnostic criteria of Parkinson's disease was the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS). The most frequently used medical herb was Paeoniae Radix alba(白芍藥) more 30 times and the highest amount was Astragali radix(黃芪) 100g per day. The most frequent syndrome differentiation was liver kidney yin deficiency(肝腎陰 虛). We found out there are many clinical studies of herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease in China. These studies would be able to provide the basis of clinical research on Parkinson's disease, and also applied to the treatment of Parkinson's disease in Korea.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current and future status of Parkinson's disease rehabilitation service in Busan. Methods: A literature search of domestic journals was conducted using the keywords "Parkinson's", "exercise", "rehabilitation", and "physical therapy". The chosen databases were Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), e-articles, and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). International literature was searched in PubMed, Pedro, DOI, Publisher, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO using the same combination of keywords. Results: The results of this study showed that 33 medical institutions provide Parkinson's disease rehabilitation service and five do not. Regarding the composition of Parkinson's disease rehabilitation teams, 15 medical institutions provide physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy as their rehabilitation program, 15 medical institutions provide physical therapy and occupational therapy, and three provide only physical therapy. The study found that muscle-strengthening, flexibility, endurance, and balance exercises were commonly provided in all 33 medical institutions for Parkinson's disease. Additional exercises were provided in only three medical institutions. The frequency was five times a week in 20 medical institutions. Conclusion: Medical institutions located in Busan provide a variety of Parkinson's disease rehabilitation services, not only in general hospitals but also in multiple medical institutions, although the composition of their Parkinson's disease rehabilitation teams and the frequency of treatment vary.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by damage to brain neurons related to dopamine. Non-clinical animal models mainly used in Parkinson's disease research include drug-induced models of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 6-hydroxydopamine, and genetically modified transgenic animal models. Parkinson's diagnosis can be made using brain imaging of the substantia nigra-striatal dopamine system and using a radiotracer that specifically binds to the dopamine transporter. In this study, ¹⁸F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane was used to confirm the image evaluation cutoff between normal and parkinson's disease models, and to confirm model persistence over time. In addition, the efficacy of single or combined administration of clinically used therapeutic drugs in parkinson's animal models was evaluated. Image analysis was performed using the PMOD software. Converted to standardized uptake value, and analyzed by standardized uptake value ratio by dividing the average value of left striatum by the average value of right striatum obtained by applying positron emission tomography images to the atlas magnetic resonance template. The image cutoff of the normal and the parkinson's disease model was calculated as SUVR=0.829, and it was confirmed that it was maintained during the test period. In the three-drug combination administration group, the right and left striatum showed a high symmetry of more than 0.942 on average and recovered significantly. Images using ¹⁸F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane are thought to be able to diagnose and evaluate treatment efficacy of non-clinical Parkinson's disease.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.424-432
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• 2014

The defining feature of Parkinson's disease is a progressive and selective demise of dopaminergic neurons. A recent report on Parkinson's disease animal model demonstrates that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) dependent cell death, also named parthanatos, is accountable for selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Parthanatos is a programmed necrotic cell death, characterized by PARP1 activation, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation, and large scale DNA fragmentation. Besides cell death regulation via interaction with AIF, PAR molecule mediates diverse cellular processes including genomic stability, cell division, transcription, epigenetic regulation, and stress granule formation. In this review, we will discuss the roles of PARP1 activation and PAR molecules in the pathological processes of Parkinson's disease. Potential interaction between PAR molecule and Parkinson's disease protein interactome are briefly introduced. Finally, we suggest promising points of therapeutic intervention in the pathological PAR signaling cascade to halt progression in Parkinson's disease.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the criterion-related validity of the Berg balance test between fallers and non-fallers in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods : Thirty-one patients were recruited for this study. Their initial diagnosis had been made on average $30.1{\pm}10.1$ years earlier. Score of Berg balance test showed significant correlations with indicators of motor functioning and daily living capacity. Berg balance test score was inversely associated with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale-motor score, and Schwab and England activities of daily living rating scale. Results : In all 3 correlations, lower scores on the Berg balance test correlated with higher unified Parkinson's disease rating scale-motor scores. Results support the criterion-related validity of the Berg balance test. Conclusion : Our research results agree with other published research in suggesting that the Berg balance test may be used as a screening tool and ongoing assessment tool for patients with Parkinson's disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.286-291
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• 2018

Objective: This clinical study aims to report the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The patient was treated with acupuncture totally eight times, which was applied at LU8, LR4, HT3, LR2, GV20, and GB20 and moxibustion at CV12, CV4. The effect of treatment was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: After treatment the patient's UPDRS scores improved from 78 to 29 points after 28 days, and the patient's symptoms of tremor also improved. Conclusions: The Korean medicine treatment of acupuncture might be effective for Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.580-588
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of decreased locomotor activity on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb muscles 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model. Methods: The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 ${mu}g$) into the left substantia nigra after stereotaxic surgery. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of two groups; the Parkinson's disease group (PD; n=17) and a sham group (S; n=8). Locomotor activity was assessed before and 21 days after the experiment. At 22 days after establishing the rat model, all rats were anesthetized and soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected from both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The brain was dissected to identify dopaminergic neuronal death of substantia nigra in the PD group. Results: The PD group at 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model showed significant decrease in locomotor activity compared with the S group. Weights and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus muscle of the PD group were significantly lower than those of the S group. Conclusion: Contralateral soleus muscle atrophy occurs 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2006

Introduction : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) of patients with Parkinson's disease Methods: Subjects were voluntarily recruited through newspaper and internet advertisement. All the subjects were confirmed as idiopathic parkinson's disease by a neurologist. Acupuncture was applied 2 times a week for four weeks by oriental medical doctor at Kyung-hee University hospital. Acupuncture points used were GB34 and LR3. The patient's symptoms were assessed before and after 4 weeks of treatment by UPDRS and HRV. HRV was measured for 5 minutes before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results : The results were as follows; 1. In both groups, UPDRS scores were significantly improved after 4 weeks compared to the pre-treatment 2. After 4 weeks of treatment UPDRS score differences between the two groups were insignificant 3. After 4 weeks of treatment HRV parameter scores showed statistically insignificant differences between the two groups. SDNN parameters of the Experimental group were significantly increased. Conclusion : This study suggests that acupuncture treatments can be applicable to improve symptoms in the patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Further study on the acupuncture and HRV in the patients with Parkinson's disease is recommended.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.153-164
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• 2006

Introduction : The Aim of the Study Is to Investigate the Characteristics of Yangdorak m the Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Methods : Subjects Were Voluntarily Recruited by Newspapers And Internet. All the Subjects Were Confirmed as Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease by a Neurologist. The Patient's Symptoms Were Assessed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) Stage, Schwab & England Activity of Daily Living And Freezing of Gait Questionnaire(FOGQ). Sasang Constitution Was Differentiated by QSCCII. Yangdorak Was Measured after 15 minutes' Bed Rest Results : The Results Were as Follows; 1. The Average Value of Yangdorak m 50 Patients with Parkinson's Disease Was $39.01{\pm}17.97$. 2. The Mean Values of Fl, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 were under 40. 3. The Number of Pyesaek Was Significantly Increased According to H-Y Stage. 4. The Yangdorak Value Had No Significant Correlation between UPDRS, H-Y Stage and Duration. 5. There Was No Significant Difference in the Value of Yangdorak among Sasang Constitutions. Conclusion : This Study Suggests that Yangdorak Can Be Used as a Assistant Tool to Investigate the Patients of Parkinson's Disease. Further Study on the Yangdorak And Parkinson's Disease Is Recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 2014

Purpose: The novelty of intensive mobility training (IMT) is its intensive nature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of IMT in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Subjects participated in 3 hours/day for ten days (30 hours). Gait parameters of interest were the timed up-and-go test, 10-m walk test, and step length and width. Measures were made at baseline before commencement of training (pre-training) and at the end of the two-week training period (post-training). Results: Seven patients with Parkinson's disease enrolled in the study. On average, participants are able to tolerate 141 minutes of activity during a 180-minute session. Results showed that, after 10 consecutive days training, subjects significantly improved for all parameters; the timed up-and-go test, 10-m walk test, and stride length and step width. Conclusion: This study's findings show that gait properties in patients with Parkinson's disease can be improved with IMT.