• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

RFID 기술은 도서관과 보안 분야와 같은 제어와 관련한 분야에서 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 차량의 통제는 이러한 분야 중의 하나로서 많은 장점이 있다. 특히, 승용차, 트럭 등에 태크(Tag)를 사용할 수 있다. 차량이 제한된 장소나 혹은 주차 구역에 진입할 때 리더기가 태그를 평가 한다. RFID 리더는 진입하는 차량을 인증하면서 차량 진입 시간을 서버에 전송한다. 그러면 장치가 활성화 된다. 차량이 주차구역에서 이동하면 RFID 리더기는 차량이 출발한 시간을 기록한다. 본 논문에서 우리는 불법 주차 모니터링 방법을 제안한다. 특히, 차량 소유자가 불법으로 차량을 주차할 경우 빠르고 정확하게 이와 같은 정보를 기록하는 방법을 제안했다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2015

This paper proposes an auto-parking controller for omnidirectional mobile robots. The controller uses the multi-sensor system including ultrasonic sensor and camera. The several ultrasonic sensors of robot detect the distance between robot and each wall of the parking lot. The camera detects the global position of robot by capturing the image of artificial landmarks. To improve the accuracy of position estimation, we applied the extended Kalman filter with adaptive fuzzy controller. Also we developed the fuzzy control system to reduce the settling time of parking. The experimental results are presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed controller.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.560-562
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• 2010

오늘날 LED 조명 시스템은 전력을 적게 소비하고 형광등보다 긴 수명을 가진다. 가시광 통신은 LED 가시광(RGB)을 이용한 무선 통신이다. 본 논문에서는 LED 조명을 이용하여 위치 기반의 실내 내비게이션을 구현하고 지하주차장에서 가시광 통신을 이용하여 주차 가능한 대수와 위치 등의 정보를 안내해 주는 주차안내 시스템을 설계하였다. 우리는 모의실험을 통하여 가시광 무선통신을 이용한 지하주차장에서 주차안내 시스템의 가능성을 알아보았다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

YOLOv4 can be used for detecting parking vehicles in order to check a vehicle in out-door parking space. YOLOv4 has 9 anchor boxes in each of 13x13 grid cells for detecting a bounding box of object. Because anchor boxes are allocated based on each cell, there can be existed small observational error for detecting real objects due to the distance between neighboring cells. In this paper, we proposed YOLOv4 grid cell shift algorithm for improving the out-door parking vehicle detection accuracy. In order to get more chance for trying to object detection by reducing the errors between anchor boxes and real objects, grid cells over image can be shifted to vertical, horizontal or diagonal directions after YOLOv4 basic detection process. The experimental results show that a combined algorithm of a custom trained YOLOv4 and a cell shift algorithm has 96.6% detection accuracy compare to 94.6% of a custom trained YOLOv4 only for out door parking vehicle images.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 주차 시설 이용 현황 중 하나인 차량 번호판 조사를 수행하도록 한다. 차량 번호판 조사는 주차 차량이 얼마나 오랫동안 주차해 있었는지를 파악한다. 또한 주차 회전율 과 평균 주차 지속 시간 등의 파악에 매우 편리한 방법이다. 관찰자가 없이 카메라를 이용하여 조사 시간 간격을 주어 조사하도록 한다. 조사 시간 간격을 각 주차된 차량에 부여하여 평균 주차 지속 시간을 결정하도록 한다. 또한 주차면 1개당 1시간당 주차 차량 대수인 주차 회전율을 조사한다. 이렇게 구해진 주차 지속 시간은 주차 시설을 비효율적으로 사용하고 있는 부분을 찾아내는데 중요하다. 주차 회전율 또한 주차장의 효율성을 검토하는 중요한 요소이다. 실험을 통하여 주차장의 주차 지속 시간과 주차 회전율을 파악했다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2014

Most planting grounds have converted to the artificial ground of the upper part of underground parking lot in apartment complex recently by increasing utilization of underground parking area. This study has examined the composition of each ground and planting status. The study presents problems of planting plans in artificial ground landscaping in apartment complex. This study has conducted reference and field research. It has researched green space planning, planting characteristics and measures condition of soil depth in 3 regions surveyed. The results are listed below. First, hybrid ground has the highest percentage and natural soils has the lowest percentage in the composition of green space in apartment complex. Artificial green space is composed of a number of small-scale grounds. Second, The study has found that planting characteristics don't reflect soil properties. On the other hand, planting deep rooting big arbors has a high proportion in artificial Ground. Third, the study has figured out 98% of fit in minimum soil depth for growth. Fourth, planters and landscaping stones are constructed in case of small green space. On the other hand, mounding is constructed in case of large green space. However in case of mounding types it has low fit, so it needs to improve this problem.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the corresponding residents' benefit to get in the future from the district unit plan of the settlement zone by Cheongju local government. The target districts were selected as Gumdeong-gol district, Juseong district, and Shinmok-gol district, and Hyeonam district which had recently set their district unit plans. Specific targets to be analyzed were some infrastructure including roads, parking lots, parks and others. Using the analysis methods of the Logit model and non-parametric test approach, this study estimated to the average amounts to be willingly paid(WTP) by the residents in targeting settlement zones and tested the reliability of the average amounts of WTP. The results of analysis were as follows. First, it was found that the WTPs for infrastructure under 1st influence area in target districts were estimated as 5,233won for road, 2,826won for parking lot, and 3,705won for park respectively. For the WTPs for infrastructure under 1nd area were estimated as 4,910 won for road, 2,242won for parking lot, and 3,620won for park respectively. Second, as the result of calculating the non-parametric WTP which built the 95% confidence interval, it was found that the all WTPs except the WTP for parking lot were fell into the 95% confidence interval. Third, as the result of calculating yearly total sum of benefits that the residents would get from the 1st influence area and the 2nd influence area, it was found that Gumdeong-gol district were expected to get 62,376,472won-amounted benefits, and Juseong district, and Shinmok-gol district, and Hyeonam district would get 35,0778,016won, 26,886,560won, and 22,252,032won respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2005

Since the water quality of drinking water sources has been recognized as a big issue, the ministry of Environment in Korea is designing the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program for 4 major large rivers. The TMDL program can be successfully performed as controling the nonpoint pollutants from watershed area near the river. Of the various landuses in nonpoint pollution, parking lots and bridges are stormwater intensive landuses because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions from vehicular activities. Vehicle emissions from those areas include different pollutants such as heavy metals, oil and grease and particulates from sources such as fuels, brake pad and tire wear, etc. Especially the pollutant washed-off from the landuses are directly affecting to the river water quality. Therefore this research was conducted to understand the magnitude and nature of the stormwater emissions with the goal of quantifying stormwater pollutant concentrations and mass emission rates of pollutants from parking lot and bridges in Korea. In Kongju city areas, two monitoring sites were equipped with an automatic rainfall gages and an automatic flow meter for accumulating the useful data such as rainfall, water quality and runoff flow. This manuscripts will show the concentration changes during storm duration and EMCs to characterize the concentration profiles in different land uses. Also the first flush criteria will be suggested using dynamic EMCs. The definition of dynamic EMC is a new approach explaining the relationship of EMC and first flush effect.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

오늘날 인간의 삶의 질 향상과 다양한 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 건축물은 대형화, 고층화, 심층화, 복합화 되는 추세이며, 이에 따른 비정형화된 공간이 새롭게 창출되면서 성능위주설계대상도 증가하고 있다. 성능위주설계의 피난안전성 평가는 ASET과 RSET를 산정 비교하여 RSET이 ASET를 초과하지 않도록 하여야 한다. 그러나 지하 주차장과 같이 구획된 공간의 면적이 넓고 피난경로가 다양한 경우 현재 시행되고 있는 성능위주설계 평가 방법만으로 모든 피난경로에서 안전성을 확보하기 어려운 문제가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 현재 사용되고 있는 성능위주설계의 시뮬레이션 설정방법에 대해 먼저 고찰한 다음 지하 주차장을 대상으로 화재시뮬레이션 2가지와 피난시뮬레이션 3가지 경우를 각각 수행하여 6가지 경우에 대한 피난안전성 평가를 실시하고 비교 평가하여 문제점을 살펴보고 개선된 성능위주설계의 피난안전성 평가 방안을 제시한다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

Normally easy task of plat in urban architecture is that using underground full of activities for increase building site efficiency. Especially for using underground space for the parking lot. Also utilize underground is more increase for fulfill requirement in modern society considered with environmental friendly architecture. The primary objective of this study is to apply analyzed formal foundation type for selecting the optimum type of parking lots considered with structural stability, economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration. This study aim to on criteria decided through the questionaries for the selection considered with in the scale of second stories parking lots underground, parking volume is 80 and reinforced concrete structure. The bearing capacity is 6～8m and downward from surface, healthy ground bearing capacity is 40 t/m2. This study comparative analysis and discuss economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration based constructivist stability which applied Single foundation, Mat foundation, Drop Mat foundation. The result of this study is as follows: First, the result of economical efficiency is that on the basis of single foundation, Drop Mat foundation is 1.88, Mat foundation 2.04 as a comparative analysis on the basis of total construction cost included material cost, labor coast and machinery cost. Second, the result of construction efficiency order is single foundation, Drop Mat foundation, Mat foundation as a comparative analysis on the based connected characteristics. Third, the result of construction duration is that on the basis of Mat Foundation, Drop Mat foundation is 1.33, single foundation is 1.87 as a comparative analysis Critical Path. Forth, Each foundational type characteristics order through the matrix method is that overall each formal type of foundation contraries at economical efficiency and construction efficiency, construction duration. Also expect contradiction between engineers and owners due to engineer pursuit construction duration and ewer to begin with economical efficiency. Fifth, The selection of suitable foundation formal type needs that based consider project characteristic and field condition as according to above result of a comparative analysis. As a result, a comparative analysis economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration of Mat foundation, Drop Mat foundation, single foundation with 3Bay reinforced structure underground parking lots on the healthy ground.