• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

Objectives : Epimedii Herba has been frequently used in Korean Traditional Medicine to treat impotence, spermatorrhoea, exophthalmos, and forgetfulness. Present study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of Epimedii Herba water extract (EWE) and attempted to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved. Methods : To explore anti-inflammatory effects of EWE, RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, were pretreated with $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of EWE, and then subsequently exposed to $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ were monitored in the medium. Expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were determined by immunoblot and real-time PCR analyses. Signaling pathways related with nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinases were monitored to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved. Finally, the role of three flavonoid compounds in EWE on LPS-mediated NO production were investigated. Results : In conditioned medium, pretreatment of EWE ($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, EWE attenuated the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 by LPS. EWE prevented the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$, nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, and DNA binding of $NF-{\kappa}B$, while EWE did not change the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by LPS. Moreover, icariin, icaritin, and quercetin partly, but significantly, inhibited the LPS-stimulated NO production. Conclusions : These results suggest that EWE has an ability to prevent inflammation in macrophages through inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2022

Plasmodium vivax exhibits dormant liver-stage parasites, called hypnozoites, which can cause relapse of malaria. The only drug currently used for eliminating hypnozoites is primaquine. The antimalarial properties of primaquine are dependent on the production of oxidized metabolites by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6). Reduced primaquine metabolism may be related to P. vivax relapses. We describe a case of 4 episodes of recurrence of vivax malaria in a patient with decreased CYP2D6 function. The patient was 52-year-old male with body weight of 52 kg. He received total gastrectomy and splenectomy 7 months before the first episode and was under chemotherapy for the gastric cancer. The first episode occurred in March 2019 and each episode had intervals of 34, 41, and 97 days, respectively. At the first and second episodes, primaquine was administered as 15 mg for 14 days. The primaquine dose was increased with 30 mg for 14 days at the third and fourth episodes. Seven gene sequences of P. vivax were analyzed and revealed totally identical for all the 4 samples. The CYP2D6 genotype was analyzed and intermediate metabolizer phenotype with decreased function was identified.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1979

The authors investigated the incidence of antithyroglobulin antibodies and antibodies and antimicrosomal antibodies measured by tanned red cell hemagglutination method in subjects suffering from various thyroid disorders. 1) In 15 normal patients, neither suffering from any thyroid diseases nor from any other autoimmune disorders, the anti thyroglobulin antibodies were all negative, but the antimicrosomal antibody was positive only in one patient (6.7%). 2) The antithyroglobulin antibodies were positive in 31.5% (34 patients) of 108 patients with various thyroid diseases, and the antimicrosomal antibodies were positive in 37.0% (40 patients). 3) of the 25 patients with Graves' diseases, 7 patients (28.0%) showed positive for the antithyroglobulin antibodies, and 9(36.0%) for the antimicrosomal antibodies. There was no definite differences in clinical and thyroid functions between the groups with positive and negative results. 4) Both antibodies were positive in 16(88.9%) and 17(94.4%) patients respectively among 18 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, all of them were diagnosed histologically. 5) Three out of 35 patients with thyroid adenoma showed positive antibodies, and 3 of 16 patients with thyroid carcinoma revealed positive antibodies. 6) TRCH antibodies demonstrated negative results in 2 patients with subacute thyroiditis, but positive in one patient with idiopathic primary myxedema. 7) The number of patients with high titers ($>1:80^2$) was 16 for antithyroglobulin antibody and 62.5%(10 patients) of which was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thirteen(65.0) of 20 patients with high titers($>1:80^2$) for antimicrosomal antibody was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. TRCH test is a simple, sensitive method, and has high reliablity and reproducibility. The incidences and titers of antihyroglobulin antibody and antimicrosomal antibody are especially high in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2023

Objective : Cubital tunnel syndrome, the most common ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy, is usually managed by simple decompression or anterior transposition. One of the concerns in transposition is damage to the nerve branches around the elbow. In this study, the location of ulnar nerve branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was assessed during operations for cubital tunnel syndrome to provide information to reduce operation-related complications. Methods : A personal series (HJY) of cases operated for cubital tunnel syndrome was reviewed. Cases managed by transposition and location of branches to the FCU were selected for analysis. The function of the branches was confirmed by intraoperative nerve stimulation and the location of the branches was assessed by the distance from the center of medial epicondyle. Results : There was a total of 61 cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, among which 31 were treated by transposition. Twenty-one cases with information on the location of branches were analyzed. The average number of ulnar nerve branches around the elbow was 1.8 (0 to 3), only one case showed no branches. Most of the cases had one branch to the medial head, and one other to the lateral head of the FCU. There were two cases having branches without FCU responses (one branch in one case, three branches in another). The location of the branches to the medial head was 16.3±8.6 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (16 branches; range, 0 to 35 mm), to the lateral head was 19.5±9.5 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (19 branches; range, -5 to 30 mm). Branches without FCU responses were found from 20 mm proximal to the medial condyle to 15 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (five branches). Most of the branches to the medial head were 15 to 20 mm (50% of cases), and most to the lateral head were 15 to 25 mm (58% of cases). There were no cases of discernable weakness of the FCU after operation. Conclusion : In most cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, there are ulnar nerve branches around the elbow. Although there might be some cases with branches without FCU responses, most branches are to the FCU, and are to be saved. The operator should be watchful for branches about 15 to 25 mm distal to the medial epicondyle, where most branches come out.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1D호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

현재 첨단차량 분야의 기본 기술 중 기 개발된 추종모형은 운전자 및 운행 환경적 요소 등을 배제하고 오직 두 차량사이의 물리적 상관관계에 의해서만 거동하도록 개발되어져 있다. 그러나 추종거동의 현실적 적용을 위해서는 차량 운전자의 특성 및 운행 환경적 요소의 적용이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 보다 현실적용이 용이한 추종모형의 개발을 위한 선행연구로서 차량 운전자가 주행 중 느끼는 불안감의 정도를 산정하기 위한 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 운전자의 불안감도(Measure of Alarmness ; MOA)는 유비쿼터스 교통 하에서 첨단차량이 추종거동을 하고 있을 때 추종차량과 선행차량 간의 상대적 관계 및 환경적 요인과 운전자의 특성에 의해 측정되는 수치이다. 운전자 MOA의 일반적이고 객관적인 측정을 위하여 운전자 불안감도에 대한 설문조사를 수행하고 이를 바탕으로 MOA 측정 퍼지로직모형을 구축하였다. 시나리오에 의해 정의된 입력값으로 MOA를 산정하여 구축한 퍼지로직모형의 타당성을 입증하였으며, 본 논문의 결과는 주행 중 관여하는 여러 가지 요소에 따라 추종상태에서 느끼는 운전자의 불안감도를 정량적으로 측정함으로서 기존의 추종거동모형을 보다 현실화시키기 위한 기틀을 마련하였다. 이러한 불안감도는 운전자의 주행 중 안전성과 안락함을 평가하는데 주요한 척도로 적용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권4D호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2010

도로 곡선부에서는 운전자의 시각변화로 인해 속도변화가 크게 발생하여 직선부에 비해 상대적으로 사고심각도가 크게 나타난다. 특히, 곡선부에서 발생하는 위험요소 중 하나인 시각왜곡현상은 도로 기하구조에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 실제 곡선부 시각왜곡현상은 도로설계 시 반드시 고려되어야 하는 주요 설계요소임에도 불구하고, 이에 대한 정량적 설계기준 수립연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 시각왜곡현상을 고려한 곡선부 도로 설계기준 수립이 절실히 요구되어진다. 본 연구에서는 곡선부 운전자 행태와 운전자 시각특성 및 인지곡선반경에 관한 선행 연구를 고찰하고, 지방부 2차로 곡선부 시각왜곡현상을 고려하여 수학적 기법을 적용한 이론적 인지곡선반경 모형식을 개발하였다. 또한, 이론적 인지곡선반경 모형식을 토대로 이론적 시각왜곡도를 산출한 후, 기존 연구의 경험적 시각왜곡도와 비교 분석을 통하여 이론적 인지곡선반경 모형식의 오차범위를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 이론적 인지곡선반경 모형식에서 실제 곡선반경이 증가할수록 오차범위가 감소하는 추세로 나타나 실제 도로 곡선부의 특성을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로, 향후 도로 곡선부 설계시 안전상의 결함을 사전에 제거함으로써 도로 곡선부 위험요소를 최소화하고, 인간공학적 도로설계기준 개발 향상에 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권6호
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• pp.716-725
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• 2023

Objective : Anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) is a common surgical procedure used to treat cervical spinal degenerative diseases. One of the complications associated with ACSS is prevertebral soft tissue swelling (PSTS), which can result in airway obstruction, dysphagia, and other adverse outcomes. This study aims to investigate the correlation between various cervical sagittal parameters and PSTS following single-level ACSS, as well as to identify independent risk factors for PSTS. Methods : A retrospective study conducted at a single institution. The study population included all patients who underwent single-level ACSS between January 2014 and December 2022. Patients with a history of cervical spine surgery or trauma were excluded from the study. The presence and severity of PSTS was assessed by reviewing pre- and postoperative imaging studies. The potential risk factors for PSTS that were examined include patient age, sex, body mass index, tobacco use, comorbidities, serum albumin levels, operative time, implant type, implanted level, and various cervical spine sagittal parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors for PSTS. Results : A total of 62 consecutive patients who underwent single-level ACSS over a 8-year period at a single institution were enrolled in this study. Only preoperative segmental angle showed positive correlation with PSTS among various cervical spine sagittal parameters (r=0.36, p=0.005). Artificial disc replacement showed a negative correlation with PSTS (β=-0.38, p=0.002), whereas the use of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) had a positive impact on PSTS (β=0.33, p=0.009). We found that male sex, lower preoperative serum albumin, and implantation of upper cervical level (above C5) were independent predictors for PSTS after single-level ACSS (β=1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 2.15; p=0.012; β=-1.63; 95% CI, -2.91 to -0.34; p=0.014; β=1.44; 95% CI, 0.38 to 2.49; p=0.008, respectively). Conclusion : Our study identified male sex, lower preoperative serum albumin levels, and upper cervical level involvement as independent risk factors for PSTS after single-level ACSS. These findings can help clinicians monitor high-risk patients and take preventive measures to reduce complications. Further research with larger sample sizes and prospective designs is needed to validate these findings.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

남해 연안의 3개 내만역을 대상으로 전체 어류군집이 이용하는 유기물의 기원을 조사하기 위하여 잘피와 부착조류, 저서미세조류, 해조류, 습지식물, 부유입자유기물(식물플랑크톤), 습지식물(갈대) 그리고 육상기원 유기물 등 다양한 유래의 유기물에 대한 탄소안정동위원소 비(${\delta}^{13}C$) 값과 어류 체조직의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값을 비교 분석하였다. 연구해역에서 채집된 총 31종의 어류들이 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$C 값은 -16.2${\sim}$-8.3‰의 범위를 나타내어 잘피(-8.3${\pm}$1.9‰), 부착조류(-12.4 ${\pm}$0.6‰), 저서미세조류(-15.4${\pm}$1.6‰) 그리고 해조류(-16.0${\pm}$1.8‰)가 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값에 상당하는 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 연구수역의 어류군집이 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값(-12.9${\pm}$1.5‰)은 남해 외양역에서 채집된 어류(-17.3${\pm}$0.8‰)와 낙동강 수계에서 채집된 어류군집(-23.2${\pm}$1.6‰)이 가지는 값에 비하여 뚜렷히 높은 값을 보였다. 따라서 본 조사에서 얻어진 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 분석 결과들은 조사가 수행된 3개 내만역 어류군집은 만 자체의 자생기원 저서생산에서 유래한 탄소원에 주로 의존하고 있다는 것을 시사하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2024

Objective: To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of the Passeo-18 Lux drug-coated balloon (DCB) in endovascular revascularization procedures under real-world conditions in a Korean population with atherosclerotic disease of the infrainguinal arteries, including below-the-knee (BTK) arteries. Materials and Methods: Eight institutions in the Republic of Korea participated in this prospective, multicenter, single-arm, post-market surveillance study. Two hundred patients with Rutherford class 2-5 peripheral arterial disease and infrainguinal lesions suitable for endovascular treatment were competitively enrolled. Data were collected at baseline, the time of intervention, discharge, and 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up visits. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from major adverse events (MAE) within 6 months (except when limiting the time frame for procedure- or device-related mortality to within 30 days), and the primary effectiveness endpoint was freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) within 12 months after the procedure. Results: A total of 197 patients with 332 target lesions were analyzed. Two-thirds of the patients had diabetes mellitus, and 41.6% had chronic limb-threatening ischemia. The median target lesion length was 100 mm (interquartile range: 56-133 mm). Of the target lesions, 35.2% were occlusions, and 14.8% were located in the BTK arteries. Rate of freedom from MAE was 97.9% at 6 months, and the rate of freedom from CD-TLR was 95.0% and 92.2% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Subgroup analysis of 43 patients and 49 target lesions involving the BTK arteries showed rate of freedom from MAE of 92.8% at 6 months and rates of freedom from CD-TLR of 88.8% and 84.4% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study, including the BTK subgroup analysis, showed outcomes comparable to those of other DCB studies, confirming the safety and effectiveness of Passeo-18 Lux DCB in the Korean population.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.519-526
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• 2023

본 연구는 마우스 대식세포 유래 Raw264.7 세포주에서 황기와 산초 1:1 혼합물(AZM-1:1)의 면역 증진 효능을 탐색하였다. Raw264.7 세포에 100-400 ㎍/mL의 A ZM-1:1 처치는 세포 생존율의 변화 없이 inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA의 발현 증가와 함께 nitric oxide의 생성을 통계적으로 유의하게 증가시켰다. 더불어 A ZM-1:1은 처치 농도 의존적으로 cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA의 유도와 함께 세포 배양액 중 prostaglandin E₂의 함량을 증가시켰다. 또한, AZM-1:1은 tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 및 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1의 전사를 촉진하였다. Immunoblot 분석을 통하여 AZM-1:1은 mitogen-activated protein kinase의 인산화를 증가시키고, inhibitory-κBα의 인산화를 매개한 분해를 촉진하며, p65의 인산화를 증가시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. AZM-1:1의 처치는 녹색 형광으로 표지된 대장균 파편의 탐식작용을 촉진하였다. 따라서, 이상의 결과는 A ZM-1:1가 대식세포를 포함한 내재면역을 증진시키는 기능성 식의약 소재가 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.