• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.203-218
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• 2003

The 3 year graduate school course of the dental technician, which has been enforced since 1994 till the present date, differs from the currently existing 2 year graduate course because of an 8 weeks clinical field training course being newly executed and an imposed curriculum about manufacturing specialized prosthetics like all-ceramic, double prosthetic technology, attachment, and implant. Even though nearly 10 years have passed, the education program of the 18 colleges have still not been standardized and the subjects differing a little, while some are still not following the 3 years graduate course. The goal of this research is to emphasize the qualities of the 3 years graduate program and enable the dental technician to handle clinical models in the dental technical clinic right after graduation by adding clinical field training in the dental technician education program of the 18 colleges. Also in accordance to a national and international increase in esthetical prosthetics, credits, weekly study hours, education practice time of specialized prosthetic dental technology can be analyzed as follows. 1. In the year 2003, currently colleges start clinical practice education starting from the 1st semester of the 2nd year junior year, to the 2nd semester of 3rd year the varying in time with adequate class time, and credits. The average credit is 9.56, and weekly average class time is 18.00 hours. later clinical trainee education will be adjusted to the 3 year graduate school course to 10 credits and 20 hours and the adequate education period should be the 2nd semester of 3rd grade when most basic clinical education has been covered. 2. Currently in the year 2003, all-ceramic education has an average credit of 8.01 in 17 colleges with an exception of Ma-san college. The weekly average theoretical education is 4.94 hours, weekly clinical education of 7.88 hours and currently in 14 colleges porcelain technical class usually starts in the 1st semester of the 2nd year. All-ceramic education is thought to have adequate credits, timing, and weekly study hours. 3. Currently in 2003 implant education is enforced in 11 colleges including Bu-san Catholic university and the education period is usually in the 3rd year. Out of the 11 colleges, only Bu-san Catholic univ., Ma-san and Shinheung college have practice training classes. We knew that Shingu, Dongu, Mokpo science colleges have practice training as a curriculum, namely specific prosthetics laboratory. Out of the 9 colleges enforcing implant education the average credits taken are 2.56, and the average hours of weekly theory education is 2.14, but with the exception of Shinheung college which has an implant practice training course theory and practice classes are not divided. Therefore implant education is thought to start in the 3rd year as a 3 credit course with 3 hours of theory and practice each. 4. Currently in 2003, theoretical attachment education is given in 15 colleges and including practical training it is given in 10 colleges. The education starts 1st semester of the 2nd year till the 2nd semester of the 3rd year. The average credit of attachment theory education in the 15 colleges was 3.64, the average weekly theoretical education was 2.64, and the average weekly practice training out of the schools teaching it was 3.20. Later attachment education is thought to start the 1st semester of the 3rd year as a 3 credit course with 2 hours of theory class and 3 hours of practice training. 5. Double prosthetic technology is currently carried out in Dae-jon Health Science college(2nd year 2nd semester, 2 credits, theory 2hours), Gimcheon college (1 credit, 2 hours of practical training), Bu-san Catholic university (4th year 2nd semester, 4 hours of theory. practice). When the 3 year course is enforced, education will start 1st semester of the 3rd year with 2hours of theory and practice each. 6. The newly installed programs of the 3 year education is clinical field training, and specialized prosthetic manufacturing practice like all-ceramic, double prosthetic technology, attachment, and implant. If such education is to be effectively managed, a primary precursor as systemic basic clinical education is thought to be important. 7. Nationally in the 18 colleges of dental technology the currently executed curriculum course had varying subjects, class time according to the subject, and credits by each college. The curriculum difference between the colleges must be settled.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.25-39
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• 2017

The role of traditional universities has been emphasized as a career path to advance into society. Recently, it has become a new paradigm of university education by emphasizing entrepreneurship as a career aspect. While entrepreneurship education is constantly expanding for college students, relatively few young people choose to start their own business. Despite the fact that the government is continuing to expand the university's entrepreneurship education, there are very few achievements that lead to actual entrepreneurship and student start-up There is still a lack of research on ways to cultivate creative talents and increase practical entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study are as follows: First, the effects of creativity competency education on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention were analyzed. The effect of self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention. Finally This study examined the effects of social support (parent support) between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. This study used 393 samples in August 2016 for university students who received entrepreneurship education. The results showed that the ability of communicative communication and creative problem solving had a positive effect on self-efficacy. On the other hand, innovative work behavior abilities did not directly affect self-efficacy. In addition, creative problem solving ability and innovative work behavior ability had a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, the ability to communicate in a collaborative manner has no direct effect on the entrepreneurial intention. In addition, self-efficacy has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. Finally, the adjustment effect of social support (parent support) between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention has no effect. The implications of this study are empirically verified the effectiveness of creativity capacity through entrepreneurship education and the result of meaningful research that the social support through cooperation of parents is indispensable in order to increase the actual starting will of college students. Therefore, universities need to establish entrepreneurship education programs for their parents in order to increase the willingness of college students to start-up. This study can be used as a meaningful basic data for establishing policy for student start - up and suggesting the right direction of entrepreneurship education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1881-1894
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to provide information on difficulty of performing tasks, degree of task satisfaction, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention as well as investigate correlations among these factors. Data were collected on employees working at Centers for Children's Foodservice Management, which had been operating for over 6 months until December 2013. The recruitment period was from December 16, 2013 to January 30, 2014. A total of 228 employees (79.7%) participated in the study, and 227 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS V20.0 and AMOS V21.0 programs. The main results of this study were as follows: task satisfaction of employees in charge of 'visiting-teaching' for children was highest (4.24 points), whereas that of employees in charge of financial management was lowest (2.92 points). In terms of evaluation of job satisfaction factors, the score of 'co-worker' was highest (3.99 points) while that of 'payment' was lowest (2.45 points). Average scores of general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention were 3.56 points, 3.54 points, and 3.07 points, respectively. Job achievement was the most significant influencing factor on general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. According to the path analysis results, the degree of task satisfaction affected job satisfaction. Organizational commitment had a more significant effect on turnover intention than job satisfaction and mediate both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Although employees of CCFSMs endeavor to improve the quality of child-care facility foodservice, some facilities do not. Controlling turnover intention of employees is especially critical for CCFSMs since it is important for each employees to form strong bonds with child-care facilities as well as to shorten the time required to train new employees. Thus, job satisfaction, which is related to organizational commitment and turnover intention, can be improved by considering poorly scored job satisfaction factors such as wage or workload.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1968

Number of aspects, not only nutritional but social as well as political involved in human starvation pose nowadays global problems. In order to help establish the minimum nutritional requirements in the daily life of a man and to free people as well from either undernourishment, malnutrition or even starvation many workers have devoted themselves so far on the research programs to know what and how number of metabolic events take place in animals in vivo. It is the purpose of the present paper to examine in effect to what extent both of the protein and nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) together with an enzyme, guanine deaminase, which converts guanine into xanthine and in turn ends up to uric acid as an end product, undergo changes, quantitatively during acute starvation, using the mouse as an experimental animal. The mouse was strictly inhibited from taking foods except drinking water ad libitum and was sacriflced 24, 48, and 72 hours following starvation thus acutely induced. The animals consisted of two experimental groups, one control and another starvation groups, each being consisted of 6-24 mice of whose body weights ranged in the vicinity of 10 g. The animals were sacriflced by a blow on the head, followed by immediate excision of their livers into ice-cold distilled water, washing adherent blood and other contaminant tissues. The liver was minced foramin, by an all-glass homogenizer immersing it in an ice-bath, followed by subsequent fractionatin of the homogenate (10% W/V in 0.25M sucrose solution made up with 0.05M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4). For the liver protein and guanine deaminase assay, the 10% homogenate was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 minutes to eliminate the nuclear fraction; and for the estimation of DNA and RNA, the homogenate was prepared by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid in order to free the homogenate from the acid-soluble fraction, the remaining residue being delipidate by the addition of alcohol and dried in vacuo for later KOH (IN) hydrolysis. The changes in body and liver wegihts during acute starvation were checked gravimetrically. Protein contents in the liver were monitored by the method of Lowry et al; and guanine deaminase activities were followed by the assay of liberated ammonia from the substrate utilizing the Caraway's colorimetry. The extraction of both DNA and RNA was performed by the Schmidt-Thannhauser's method, which was followed by Marmur's method of purification for DNA and by Chargaff's method of purification for RNA. The determinations of both DNA and RNA were carried out by the diphenylamine reaction for the former and by the orcinol reaction for the latter. The following resume was the results of the present work. 1. It was observed that the body as well as liver weights fall abruptly during starvation, and that the loss of body weight showed no statistical correlation with the decreases in the content of liver protein. 2. The content of liver protein and activity of liver guanine deaminase activity as well decline dramatically, and the specific activities of the enzyme (activity/protein), however, decreased gradually as starvation proceeded. 3. Both of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, showed decrements in the liver of mouse during acute starvation; the latter, however, being more striking in the decline as compared to the former. 4. The decreases in the liver protein content as resulted from the acute starvation had no statistically significant correlation with the decrements of DNA in the same tissue, but had regressed with a significant statistical correlation with the fall of RNA in the tissue. 5. The decrease in the activity of guanine deaminase in the liver of mouse during acute starvation was functionally more proportional to the decrease in RNA than DNA, and moreover correlated with the changes in the content of the liver protein. 6. The possible mechanisms involved during in this acute starvation as bring the decreases in the contents of DNA, protein, and guanine deaminase were discussed briefly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1781-1791
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• 2013

The present study was intended to measure the level of psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom according to the various characteristics such as sociodemographic, health-related, job-related, job stress factors, and psychosocial factors among nurses working at ward and operating room in university hospitals, and to reveal the relation between these factors and psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 220 nurses working at ward, and 147 nurses working at operating room in 4 participating hospitals located in Daejeon City during the period from July 1st to Aug 31st, 2012. As a results, the factors related to the psychosocial stress of nurses working at ward were age, subjective health status, job career, satisfaction of work, fit to the job, job demand, job control, coworker support, self-esteem, locus of control, type A behavior pattern. In operating room, there were age, sleep hours, subjective health status, job career, physical burden of work, satisfaction of work, fit to the job, consider quitting the job, job demand, job control, type A behavior pattern. The factors related to the fatigue symptoms of nurses working at ward were age, leisure time, subjective health status, satisfaction of work, consider quitting the job, job demand, locus of control, type A behavior pattern. In operating room, there were age, subjective health status, physical burden of work, supervisor support, coworker support, locus of control. Based on the study results, we suggest that the factors related to psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom of nurses were different from working station. We need development and application of programs to keep under management psychosocial stress and fatigue symptom.

• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.21-44
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• 2016

Advertisement is composed with symbol and sign with messages trying to express. Especially, ad with dancer introduces goods or meaning of contents with the motion of dance. In this, contents of dance or motion of dancer contains symbol and sign, understanding how ad and dance are expressed meanings with which symbol and the symbolic meaning of dance or dancer on ad. To that end, this study is for analyzing expressed symbol with dance corresponds with the aim of ad and finding the way or attitude of how normal people accept dance by reevaluating symbolic meaning of dance itself. In this study, advertisement producer and director's related data is secured for understanding direction and intention of producer, and previous study related with the study purpose, image, and effect are analyzed for understanding image of dance as a physical sign on TV advertisement. With data from www.TVCF.co.kr. TV advertisement analysis is conducted only with four ads in 2008(Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., Lotte Dept. Store(premium sale/gift card), Hyundai Motor Company Santa Fe -Pilobolus) and one ad in 2011(PNS The zone Sash Italy Arena di Verona when dance was used for advertisement with the highest frequency per year. Also, based on considered important factors from repeatedly watching each advertisement, scenes where movement or motion of dancer and screen word is greatly changed are analyzed as a priority. Image analysis of dance is conducted with structure studies based on physical image(line, costume, expression) and dan image(type motion, qualitative feature, mood of dance). As a result, the symbolic dance image appeared in TV advertisement can be discussed as follows. First, symbol and sign of dance on advertisement corresponds with material objects of advertisement. For instance, on the TV advertisement where Lee Youngwoo appeared, his motion as a signifer means challenge for the future of Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., with fast turn, jump, assemble turning jump, and sliding. Second, physical image of dancer depending on intention of sender corresponds in general, but there are somewhat differences in image of dance. This makes people to unconsciously recognize symbolic image of dance on TV ad while they watch it at the same time. Especially, when it comes to advertisement, it exposes frequently with broadcasting of organized programs from a broadcaster, living long-time memory. It can be differ based on idea and character of each of receiver. Advertisement is a medium making people naturally adopt cultural art for ordinary people in their lives. Broadcasting public art from TV advertisement widely exposes pure art to people, which was only avaliable for minority, sublimating it as an art of public culture.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.63-90
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to improve the standards for the animation education in '2011 Arts and Culture Education Standards: Cartoon and Animation'. Animation Education Standards has been developed by discussion about Arts and Culture Education, and by study of documents about animation, and by investigation about experimental recognition. And the study of domestic and foreign art education standards are reflected in these standards. These standards consist of seven categories reflecting various aspects of animation and each category is classified into five stages by age. This standard has two axes: seven categories by various aspects of animation and five stages by age, and it represents achievement requirement in animation learning. This study suggests that 'Animation Education Standards' has five features as below. First, it reflects the character of Animation as an independent subject. Second, it is studied on the basis of the framework of arts and culture education. Third, it provides basic achievement requirement, and it has no limitation in learning activities. Fourth, the achievement requirements of two or more categories can be applied simultaneously in real classroom; each category is set by themes of animation education. This study presents five methods to improve existing standard. First, independent standard for animation education must be developed. Second, categories must be established distinctly. Third, each categories and achievement requirement must reflect unique characteristic of animation. Fourth, the description of achievement requires must be systemized. Fifth, to help to adapt education standard, explanation about practical teaching and learning activities must be added. '2011 Art and Culture Education Standards: Cartoon and Animation' is important in that it is the first study that systemized animation education and presented pedagogical achievement requirements by suggesting achievement requirements for animation education by two axes -ages and categories. It will be very helpful in studying the animation education as a subject, and developing education programs, and teaching and learning in an actual class.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.189-220
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• 2013

It is expected that interests and supports for 'the creative economy' will increase considerably since the establishment of the Park Geun Hye Administration. According to a report with respect to its cultural policy handed in by the Minister of Culture to the president on March 28, 2013, the administration will set up a basic plan of establishing regional fusion-typed laboratories including such genres as story telling, animations, games, cartoons, performances, etc. in May this year, and opening contents Korea laboratories across the country by the first quarter in 2014 as part of its core task. Furthermore, it will focus on implementing such policies for training professional manpower as creative mentoring programs, expansion of education for field employees and expansion of a creative education for young students, including a plan to train 1,000 creative contents talents by 2017 as described in the report. Since the Comics Promotional Law took effect in August 2012, the Korea Culture and Content Agency and the Comics Industry have been establishing the third plan for medium and long term development of the comics industry together. One of the most important policy is about training professional manpower. "Joint Business with Creative Talents," in which the amount of 4.5 billion won was invested, has already been implemented, and "Support Business for Field Employees of Comics Creating Enterprises," in which the amount of 0.6 billion won was invested, has been performed so far through the Korea Comics Contents Agency upon the request of the Comics Industry. The government's plan to train professional manpower is interlocked with its foundation and employment policies, and thus, this will be a good opportunity for colleges and universities that have comics related majors, especially for those that need proper measures for bring their graduates a chance to get a job. Accordingly, it seems that if the government develops more aggressive policies, reflects this on the third medium and long term development plan of the comics industry, and then organizes policy and study meetings led by the learned societies to implement this, it will be able to generate a significant synergy effect. This Article will concentrate on first examining the flow and patterns of the policy to train special manpower by the comics industry, the Ministry of Culture and related institutions since the establishment of the Comics Promotional Law, analyzing some problems in the first and second medium and long term development plan of the comics industry to be implemented from 2003 through 2013 and the third medium and long term development plan to be announced in June 2013 to train professional manpower, and then suggesting an effective direction and some alternatives to train professional manpower in universities in a medium and long term way.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Purpose: In addition to improving the quality of the PET image, through much research, the development of various programs are performed. Astonish TF reconstruction techniques by Philips can confirm the improved contrast of the lesion. Also, It's image reconstruction of 2 mm is possible with rapid reconstruction rate than conventional. In this study, we compared and evaluated Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in accordance with the 2 mm reconstruction techniques and traditional 4 mm from the $^{18}F-FDG$ PET whole body image. Materials and Methods: In the phantom experiment, NEMA IEC body phantom (sphere: 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 37 mm) was used to obtain images by using GEMINI TF 64 PET/CT (Philips, Cleveland, USA). Also, In the clinical images, we performed $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT examination to 30 women (age: $55.1{\pm}11.3$, BMI: $24.1{\pm}2.9$) with a diagnosis of breast cancer. After that, we reconstructed images in 2 mm and 4 mm respectively. The region of interest was drawn to acquired images. Since then, we measured SUV and statistically analyzed with SPSS ver.18 by using EBW (Extended Brilliance Workstation) NM ver.1.0. Results: After analyzing the result of the phantom study, there was a tendency that the bigger hot sphere size, the higher SUV. If you compared the 2 mm reconstruction techniques to 4 mm, it increased 95.78% in 10 mm, 50.60% in 13 mm, 25.00% in 17 mm, 30.04% in 22 mm, 31.81% in 28 mm, and 27.84% in 37 mm. Through the result of the analysis of the 2 mm reconstruction techniques and 4 mm in clinical images, it appeared that SUV of 2 mm was higher than that of 4 mm. Also the smaller the volume was, the more the change rate increased. Conclusion: After analyzing the result of the clinical picture and phantom experiments applied by Astonish TF reconstruction techniques, as the size of the volume was small, the change rate of the SUV increased. Therefore, it was necessary to further research about the SUV correction for accurate and active utilization of 2 mm reconstruction techniques which had excellent lesion discrimination ability and contrast in clinic.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.545-558
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• 2007

This study was performed to assess the sodium intakes of Korean adults using a 24-hr urine analysis and dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) according to each dish group and the regional area. The subjects of this study were comprised of 522 adults (male : 267, female : 285), aged 20-59yr residing in the metropolitan area (N=200), Chungcheng-Do (N=117), Jeolla-Do(N=117), and Gueongsang-Do provinces (N=118). The subjects were recruited from the residents who once participated or are participating in the various health programs offered by the public health center. The number of subjects who completed the 24-hr urine collection was 205 (male : 110, female : 95). The mean age and BMI of the subjects were $39.0{\pm}$11.7y and $23.1{\pm}2.9 kg/m^2$, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was $119.5{\pm}15.4 mmHg$, and $77.1{\pm}11.1 mmHg$, respectively. Eighteen percent of the subjects responded that they are currently smoking, 36% drinking and 50.4% exercising. Twenty point six percent of the subjects were assessed as having hypertension according to their systolic or diastolic blood pressure($SBP{\ge}140mmHg$ or $DBP{\ge}90mmHg$) measurements in the present study. Salt intake of the subjects estimated with 24-hr sodium excretion was 12.7g/d (male : 13.4g/d, female : 12.1g/d) based on the sodium excretion rate as 82%. Salt intake estimated with DFQ was 14.7g/d (male : 16.2g/d, female : 13.4g/d), 2 g more than the salt intake estimated with 24-hr urine analysis. The four dish groups that contributed most to the sodium intake in order were kimchi (11571.4mg), soup and stew (1260.5mg), fish and shellfish(706.3mg) and noodle and ramyeon(644.3mg). Salt intake estimated with DFQ was the highest in the subjects of Gueongsang-Do(17.0g/d), second highest Chungcheong-Do (16.4g/d) and the lowest in the metropolitan area (13.0g/d). Subjects of Gueongsang-Do showed the highest sodium intakes in most of the dish group, whereas subjects of the metropolitan area showed the lowest. Residents of Chungcheong-Do revealed the highest sodium intake with kimchi and of Jeolla-Do the higher sodium intake with main dish (meat, fish and beans). The highest salt percentage of kimchi ($3.0{\pm}0.8%$) and soybean paste ($14.5{\pm}5.1%$) were observed in Gueongsang-Do, whereas individuals of the metropolitan area were observed as having kimchi ($1.6{\pm}0.5%$) and soybean paste ($7.4{\pm}1.6%$) with the lowest salt percenage. Men were observed as having more salty kimchi ($2.4{\pm}0.1%$) than women ($2.1{\pm}0.1%$).