• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.487-499
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• 2020

This study aims to planned Elementary Multicultural Education Program for Promoting Self Esteem. To this end, consider the application force of education and teaching system designed to reorganize the ADDIE Model study was carried out in accordance with the analysis, design, development, process evaluation. To this end, analyzing the between self-esteem and group theory related to them and the social identity theory and key concepts to consider in the context of multicultural education programs for elementary self-esteem enhancement identity, prejudice, cooperation and was composed of equality. Four key concepts are sub-elements of self-esteem individuals, homes, schools, set up a detailed learning objectives in accordance with the social and selecting the learning content and organization, which was composed of a total of 16 class periods. Considering the characteristics and interests of the target students, the teaching-learning method was designed to utilize various methods, including games, quizzes, and discussions, and each class was designed to be developed by organizing them into subjects-learning goals-activities(recognition-exploration-clearing). Since in the three-member expert review, modify the content on the basis of opinions and presented the final program. The program planned by this study, further research is required to verify the effectiveness and utilization in the educational field and expects effective multicultural education.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.519-530
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• 2013

To provide a reliable tool for runoff simulations of ungauged watersheds upstream of reservoirs, a daily runoff simulation model, Tank model, is restructured, the parameter regionalization of the model is conducted, and the model's applicability is evaluated. Taking into account the characteristics of runoffs from the watersheds, a three-tank model is employed. The percolation process of the model's third tank is eliminated, considering the water budgets of the watersheds, and its evapotranspiration component is improved, reflecting the conditions of meteorological observation in South Korea. The sensitivity analysis of the model shows that the model's behaviors, varying with a sensitive parameter, ${\alpha}$, are reasonable. The regional parameter estimation equations are determined, using the characteristics and land uses of the watersheds as variables. The model is applied for the runoff simulations of three watersheds and the water stage simulation of one reservoir, and the simulation results are then compared with the observed values, which prove to be in close agreement with the observations. In addition, the results from simulating inflows of twenty-four reservoirs using the model show that the averages of evapotranspiration rate and runoff rate are 42.8% and 56.6%, respectively, which are resonable. Consequently, it is concluded that the model is practically applicable to simulating runoffs from watersheds upstream of reservoirs, and simulated inflow data are useful for watershed management and reservoir planning, design, and operation.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

Housing issues such as mushrooming slums remain as chronic in most developing countries. Due to the state's restrained capacity, the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches have been increasingly inevitable and vital for addressing the housing issues. However, there are still two challenges: securing good quality with economic efficiency, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aims at doing an architectural experiment by developing and educating the production of eco-friendly interlocking stabilized soil bricks (ISSB) by employing vernacular materials and technologies for housing-vulnerable communities in Indonesia. In collaboration with a local architectural NGO, the study features a co-creation workshop in which 40 evicted households participate in the whole process. Soil analysis, mixed design, compression tests, and economic analysis are carried out. This paper illustrates that ISSB also has a high potential as an alternative to a burned brick or a cement block. The application of ISSB to self-help housing is expected to have socioeconomic and environmental effects, thereby facilitating the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches and contributing to addressing the housing challenges in Indonesia.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2008

The three dimensional model method is widely applied in resource development for feasibility study, mine design, excavation planning and process management by constructing the database of various data in 3 dimensional space. Most of geophysical surveys for the purpose of engineering and resource development are performed in 2 dimensional line survey due to the restriction of the field situation, technical or economical situation and so on. The acquired geophysical data are used as the input for the 2 dimensional inversion under the 2 dimensional assumption. But the geophysical data are affected by 3 dimensional space. Therefore in order to reduce the error caused by 2 dimensional assumption, the 2 dimensional inversion result must be interpreted considering the additional information such as 3 dimensional topography, geological structure, borehole survey etc. The applicability and usability of 3 dimensional modeling method are studied by reviewing the case study to the geophysical data acquired in field of engineering and resource development.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.387-433
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• 2016

The ability to develop curriculums is a crucial factor in evaluating the expertise of a teacher who teaches culture & art education. Establishing a one-year plan for classes is an effort to create a well-designed curriculum for the year and also to foresee the big picture of classes in the corresponding year. A curriculum should not be composed of merely educational content or a series of knowledge and skills. It should be well-designed, based on principles of a coherent plan. This study examines organizational principles on which common curriculums are based on and looks at how a curriculum can be designed, especially for cartoon & animation classes, as part of Culture & Art education, and which factors should be considered in planning. In the process of forming such a curriculum, these steps should be followed: considering educational standards for cartoon animation classes; determining the learning experience, organizing the learning experience; and, lastly, evaluating the level of learning. In addition, effective teaching strategies that reflect the characteristics of a class on cartoon animation should be formulated. This study suggests actual examples of an effective annual curriculum for cartoon animation classes based on all the factors presented above.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2015

Currently, social demands for long span building structures are increasing due to architectural planning purposes and economic efficiency. As a result, lighter board-type voiding materials were suggested. With the use of board-type voiding materials, a slab is able to become light weight and convenient. This process efficiently eliminates concrete where it is not required; considerably diminishing dead weight while maintaining the flexural strength of the slab. The reduction in concrete also allows for overall cost reductions and design flexibility. Also it can be ease with fixing the voided material that is composed of one body form. Although board-type voiding materials are ideal, the top and bottom concrete plates lack integrity. Because of this, test results show horizontal cracking towards the tops and bottoms of the concrete columns, or webs, connecting the slabs. The key to correcting this problem is to increase the shear strength. In order to increase the shear strength of the structure, horizontal shear area must increase. R70(100)-D-F has the largest horizontal shear area as it also shows stronger strength. As a result, shear strength ($V_{nh}$) is dependent on the horizontal shear area (N). $V_{nh}={\alpha}{\times}0.16{\sqrt{f_{ck}}}{\frac{{\pi}D^2}{4}}{\times}N({\alpha}=1.8125)$. The web columns have a shear span to depth ratio (a/d) that is less than 2; which classifies it as a deep beam. In this case, however, the shear strength of the deep beams may be as much as 2 to 3 times greater than that predicated conventional equations developed for members of normal proportions. As a result, ${\alpha}$ is suggested as an extra coefficient in the equation for shear strength ($V_{nh}$).

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

Recently, BIM proliferates at high speeds so that BIM planning is trying to be used in various kinds of engineering. However, when using different software during design phase and construction phase, the problem of mutual compatibility is coming out. Even the BIM technology has been used or the practical applicability has been made into result, it would be fair to say that BIM has limitations in the visual level. In this research, it is meaningless to obtain the BIM result as the primary purpose. As the usefulness of it is judged incomplete, we committed to master the trend and problems of terrain spatial information systems and BIM. Furthermore, the plan of building the BIM in the civil field, especially the civil-BIM based on the technology ofterrain spatial information has been presented. It can be judged through this research that the high-capacity DB of BIM occurred during the whole process may cause poor performance of the following stage the structure system which connects the terrain spatial information and civil-BIM. In order to manage the optimal full cycle, the spatial analysis technology of the stages after choosing the DB has been described.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.2 s.40
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• pp.15-27
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to develop and analyze the effects of ICT based teaching learning process plans for 'Designing My Home' unit of Technology Home Economics subject in High School. The seven housing contents were selected from 8 textbooks and 8 teaching resources at the analyses stage. A specific homepage(ieduhome.cafe.com) was built to utilize the eight ICT teaching learning process plan as well as many other resources at the planning & development stages. The number of 68 highschool students have participated for the application stage during September 4-26, 2003 and the same number have studied the same contents through regular teaching learning plans as a comparison group. Experimental groups have significantly more increased in the knowledge and understanding of the housing contents than have comparison groups. The same results occurred in the interests in Home Economics, Housing, and Internet utilized study. The Design reports were not statistically differed between two groups based on the objective evaluation criteria. The results of this study generally supported previous research and showed that the In teaching learning plans were more effective in various aspects than were the regular plans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.148-161
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• 2016

In the case of the government, which plays a pivotal role in the landscape architecture system, the management of positions in landscape architectural organizations is lacking. At the local government level, while public officials for managing landscape architecture are being hired, there are problems and vulnerabilities in both management and system operations as such public officials recruited for positions in landscape architectural services operate under the forestry service. Accordingly, this study analyzed the Korean administrative system of public officials in the landscape architectural service and their satisfaction with the organizational culture and behavior. The aim was to provide practical data for improving the job satisfaction of public officials in landscape architectural service and enhance the status of landscape architecture. First, a survey was conducted regarding current organizational culture/behavior and job adequacy, and differences when compared to different job series with regards to the public officials in the landscape architectural service. The results indicated that job satisfaction of those in landscape architectural service was generally high, but they showed strong centralization, i.e., orders from superiors and limitations on autonomy. Second, an analysis was conducted to improve the organizational culture/behavior and job satisfaction of public officials in the landscape architectural service, and a comparative analysis was conducted on the differences between the analysis result and preceding studies by the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs(2006). The results indicated that organizational commitment/satisfaction of public officials in the landscape architectural service was relatively low among those who had a great amount of work experience related to forestry. Therefore, it was shown that it is necessary to ensure expertise in landscape architecture. Third, a comprehensive analysis was conducted regarding the influences on "working environment", "legal system" and "job allocation" in regard to public officials in land architectural service. The results indicated that satisfaction in the value system was high when given significance to the job as public officials in land architectural. However, their satisfaction in the land architectural system was low due to the lack of independence in their positions, the vulnerable legal system of land architectural service and low employment rates. Fourth, current public officials in landscape architectural service process tasks such as forestry, architecture, city planning and administration that are not related to their area of expertise. Therefore, an analysis was conducted on whether there is a difference in the job satisfaction of public officials in landscape architectural service according to statistical variables. It was identified that "legal system", "job satisfaction" and "organizational commitment" with regard to public officials in landscape architectural service can be improved through ensuring their expertise. This study suggests the following tasks to further inquire into landscape architecture in general. First, establish an identity of work allocation for public officials in the landscape architectural service, and second, establish an organizational constitution according to the positions in landscape architectural service. Accordingly, it is necessary for interested parties of landscape architecture to devise practical strategies so that such tasks can be converged administratively and reflected in policies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.603-614
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• 2008

End-uses of household water have been changed by a life style, housing type, weather, water rate and water supply facilities etc. and those variables can be considered as an internal and exogenous factors to estimate long-term demand forecasts. Analysis of influential factors on water consumption in households would give an explanation to cause on the change of trend and would help predicting the water demand of end-use in household. The purpose of this study is to analyze the demand trends and patterns of household water uses by metering and questionnaire such as occupation, revenue, numbers of family member, housing types, age, floor area and installation of water saving device, etc. The peak water uses were shown at Saturday among weekdays and July in a year based on the analysis results of water use pattern. A steep increase of total water volume can be found in the analysis of water demand trend according to temperature from $-14^{\circ}C$ to $0^{\circ}C$, while there are no significant variations in the phase of more than $0^{\circ}C$, with an almost stable demand. Washbowl water shows the highest and toilet water shows the lowest relation with temperature in correlation analysis results. In the results of ANOVA to find the significant difference in each unit water use by exogenous factors such as housing type, occupation, number of generation, residential area and income et al., difference was shown in bathtub water by housing type and shown in kitchen, toilet and miscellaneous water by numbers of resident. Especially, definite differences in components except washbowl and bathtub water, could be found by numbers of resident. Based on the result, average residents in a house should be carefully considered and the results can be applied as reference information, in decision making process for predicting water demand and establishing water conservation policy. It is expected that these can be used as design factors in planning stage for water and wastewater facilities.